IMF Working Papers

From International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2019/284: Liquidity Choice and Misallocation of Credit

Ehsan Ebrahimy

2019/283: Disposal is Not Free: Fiscal Instruments to Internalize the Environmental Costs of Solid Waste

Thornton Matheson

2019/282: Labor Market Dynamics: A Hidden Markov Approach

Ippei Shibata

2019/281: A Three-Country Macroeconomic Model for Portugal

Alex Pienkowski

2019/280: Wage Growth and Inflation in Europe: A Puzzle?

Vizhdan Boranova, Raju Huidrom, Sylwia Nowak, Petia Topalova, Volodymyr Tulin and Richard Varghese

2019/279: Capital Flows at Risk: Taming the Ebbs and Flows

R. Gaston Gelos, Lucyna Gornicka, Robin Koepke, Ratna Sahay and Silvia Sgherri

2019/278: Explaining the Shadow Economy in Europe: Size, Causes and Policy Options

Ben Kelmanson, Koralai Kirabaeva, Leandro Medina, Borislava Mircheva and Jason Weiss

2019/277: Exchange Rate Volatility and Pass-Through to Inflation in South Africa

Ken Miyajima

2019/276: What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition?

Sónia Félix and Chiara Maggi

2019/275: Big Data on Vessel Traffic: Nowcasting Trade Flows in Real Time

Serkan Arslanalp, Marco Marini and Patrizia Tumbarello

2019/274: What Is Real and What Is Not in the Global FDI Network?

Jannick Damgaard, Thomas Elkjaer and Niels Johannesen

2019/273: News-based Sentiment Indicators

Chengyu Huang, Sean Simpson, Daria Ulybina and Agustin Roitman

2019/272: The Dynamics of Non-Performing Loans during Banking Crises: A New Database

Anil Ari, Sophia Chen and Lev Ratnovski

2019/271: Is Digitalization Driving Domestic Inflation?

Balázs Csontó, Yuxuan Huang and Camilo Tovar

2019/270: The Spending Challenge for Reaching the SDGs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons Learned from Benin and Rwanda

Delphine Prady and Mouhamadou Sy

2019/269: Deepening the EU’s Single Market for Services

Christian Ebeke, Jan-Martin Frie and Louise Rabier

2019/268: How Do Changing U.S. Interest Rates Affect Banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries?

Olumuyiwa Adedeji, Yacoub Alatrash and Divya Kirti

2019/267: Tourism In Belize: Ensuring Sustained Growth

Julian Chow

2019/266: Sovereign Risk in Macroprudential Solvency Stress Testing

Andreas Jobst and Hiroko Oura

2019/265: Bank Capital and the Cost of Equity

Mohamed Belkhir, Sami Ben Naceur, Ralph Chami and Anis Semet

2019/264: Network Determinants of Cross-Border Merger and Acquisition Decisions

Tatiana Didier, Sebastian Herrador and Magali Pinat

2019/263: China’s Productivity Convergence and Growth Potential—A Stocktaking and Sectoral Approach

Min Zhu, Longmei Zhang and Daoju Peng

2019/262: Recent Shifts in Capital Flow Patterns in Korea: An Investor Base Perspective

Niels-Jakob Hansen and Signe Krogstrup

2019/261: Guilt, Gender, and Work-Life Balance in Japan: A Choice Experiment

Chie Aoyagi and Alistair Munro

2019/260: Productivity and Tax Evasion

Era Dabla-Norris, Mark Gradstein, Fedor Miryugin and Florian Misch

2019/259: Quality Upgrading and Export Performance in the Asian Growth Miracle

Chris Papageorgiou, Fidel Perez-Sebastian and Nikola Spatafora

2019/258: Assessing Macro-Financial Risks of Household Debt in China

Fei Han, Emilia Jurzyk, Wei Guo, Yun He and Nadia Rendak

2019/257: Informality and Aggregate Productivity: The Case of Mexico

Jorge Alvarez and Cian Ruane

2019/256: The Caribbean and its Linkages with the World: A GVAR Model Approach

Jose P Mauricio Vargas and Daniela Hess

2019/255: Informality, Frictions, and Macroprudential Policy

Moez Ben Hassine and Nooman Rebei

2019/254: Breaking the Bank? A Probabilistic Assessment of Euro Area Bank Profitability

Selim Elekdag, Sheheryar Malik and Srobona Mitra

2019/253: Governance and State-Owned Enterprises: How Costly is Corruption?

Anja Baum, Clay Hackney, Paulo Medas and Mouhamadou Sy

2019/252: Designing Central Bank Digital Currencies

Itai Agur, Anil Ari and Giovanni Dell'ariccia

2019/251: Managed Trade: What Could be Possible Spillover Effects of a Potential Trade Agreement Between the U.S. and China?

Eugenio Cerutti, Shan Chen, Pragyan Deb, Albe Gjonbalaj, Swarnali Hannan and Adil Mohommad

2019/250: Integrating Solvency and Liquidity Stress Tests: The Use of Markov Regime-Switching Models

Fei Han and Mindaugas Leika

2019/249: Bridging the Mobile Digital Divide in Sub-Saharan Africa: Costing under Demographic Change and Urbanization

C. Emre Alper and Michal Miktus

2019/248: Assessing House Prices in Canada

Michal Andrle and Miroslav Plašil

2019/247: Financial Conditions and Growth at Risk in the ECCU

Takuji Komatsuzaki and Steve Brito

2019/246: Macrofinancial Linkages and Growth at Risk in the Dominican Republic

Olga Bespalova and Marina Rousset

2019/245: Repeated Use of IMF-Supported Programs: Determinants and Forecasting

Martin Iseringhausen, Mwanza Nkusu and Wellian Wiranto

2019/244: The Drivers, Implications and Outlook for China’s Shrinking Current Account Surplus

Pragyan Deb, Albe Gjonbalaj and Swarnali Hannan

2019/243: Structural Unemployment in Luxembourg: Bad Luck or Rational Choice?

William Gbohoui

2019/242: Back to the Future: Fiscal Rules for Regaining Sustainability

Serhan Cevik

2019/241: A Quantitative Analysis of Female Employment in Senegal

Vivian Malta, Angelica Martinez and Marina Tavares

2019/240: Pricing Sovereign Debt in Resource-Rich Economies

Thomas McGregor

2019/239: Firm-Level Data and Monetary Policy: The Case of a Middle Income Country

Lahcen Bounader and Mohamed Doukali

2019/238: Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy

Alberto Cavallo, Gita Gopinath, Brent Neiman and Jenny Tang

2019/237: Granger Predictability of Oil Prices After the Great Recession

Szilard Benk and Max Gillman

2019/236: Doing More with Less: How Can Brazil Foster Development While Pursuing Fiscal Consolidation?

Valentina Flamini and Mauricio Soto

2019/235: German Bond Yields and Debt Supply: Is There a “Bund Premium”?

Anne-Charlotte Paret and Anke Weber

2019/234: International Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy

Silvia Albrizio, Sangyup Choi, Davide Furceri and Chansik Yoon

2019/233: Entry Costs and the Macroeconomy

Germán Gutiérrez, Callum Jones and Thomas Philippon

2019/232: On the Substitution of Private and Public Capital in Production

Zidong An, Alvar Kangur and Chris Papageorgiou

2019/231: Digitalization to Improve Tax Compliance: Evidence from VAT e-Invoicing in Peru

Matthieu Bellon, Jillie Chang, Era Dabla-Norris, Salma Khalid, Frederico Lima, Enrique Rojas and Pilar Villena

2019/230: In Search of Lost Time: Examining the Duration of Sudden Stops in Capital Flows

Antonio David and Carlos Goncalves

2019/229: Achieving the Bank of Japan’s Inflation Target

Gee Hee Hong, Rahul Anand and Yaroslav Hul

2019/228: Machine Learning and Causality: The Impact of Financial Crises on Growth

Andrew Tiffin

2019/227: Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds

Dunhong Jin, Marcin Kacperczyk, Bige Kahraman and Felix Suntheim

2019/226: Instruments of Debtstruction: A New Database of Interwar Debt

Nicolas End, Marina Marinkov and Fedor Miryugin

2019/225: Reducing and Redistributing Unpaid Work: Stronger Policies to Support Gender Equality

Cristian Alonso, Mariya Brussevich, Era Dabla-Norris, Yuko Kinoshita and Kalpana Kochhar

2019/224: Banks’ Holdings of Government Securities and Credit to the Private Sector in Emerging Market and Developing Economies

Romain Bouis

2019/223: Do Audits Deter or Provoke Future Tax Noncompliance? Evidence on Self-employed Taxpayers

Sebastian Beer, Matthias Kasper, Erich Kirchler and Brian Erard

2019/222: The Macroeconomic Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms in Morocco

Babacar Sarr, Mokhtar Benlamine and Zsuzsa Munkacsi

2019/221: Assessing Oil and Non-Oil GDP Growth from Space: An Application to Yemen 2012-17

Majdi Debbich

2019/220: Interconnectedness and Contagion Analysis: A Practical Framework

Jana Bricco ('Gieck') and TengTeng Xu

2019/219: A Requiem for the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level

Roger Farmer and Pawel Zabczyk

2019/218: Do Financial Markets Value Quality of Fiscal Governance?

Kady Keita, Gene Leon and Frederico Lima

2019/217: Macroeconomic Outcomes in Disaster-Prone Countries

Alessandro Cantelmo, Giovanni Melina and Chris Papageorgiou

2019/216: Job Polarization and the Declining Fortunes of the Young: Evidence from the United Kingdom

Era Dabla-Norris, Carlo Pizzinelli and Jay Rappaport

2019/215: Long-Term Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change: A Cross-Country Analysis

Matthew Kahn, Kamiar Mohaddes, Ryan Ng, Mohammad Pesaran, Mehdi Raissi and Jui-Chung Yang

2019/214: Macroeconomic Effects of Reforms on Three Diverse Oil Exporters: Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the UK

Samya Beidas-Strom and Marco Lorusso

2019/213: An Assessment of Global Formula Apportionment

Ruud de Mooij, Li Liu and Dinar Prihardini

2019/212: Japan's Public Sector Balance Sheet

Yugo Koshima

2019/211: Financial Repression is Knocking at the Door, Again

Etibar Jafarov, Rodolfo Maino and Marco Pani

2019/210: Digital Connectivity in sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Perspective

C. Emre Alper and Michal Miktus

2019/209: SME Financial Inclusion for Sustained Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia

Mishel Ghassibe, Maximiliano Appendino and Samir Elsadek Mahmoudi

2019/208: What Happens if Central Banks Misdiagnose a Slowdown in Potential Output

Bas Bakker

2019/207: The Riskiness of Credit Allocation and Financial Stability

Luis Brandão-Marques, Qianying Chen, Claudio Raddatz, Jerome Vandenbussche and Peichu Xie

2019/206: Private Sector Job Creation in MENA: Prioritizing the Reform Agenda

Benedicte Baduel, Carolin Geginat and Gaelle Pierre

2019/205: VAT Notches, Voluntary Registration, and Bunching: Theory and UK Evidence

Li Liu, Ben Lockwood, Miguel Almunia and Eddy Tam

2019/204: Multiple Dimensions of Human Development Index and Public Social Spending for Sustainable Development

Iana Paliova, Robert McNown and Grant Nülle

2019/203: How Should We Measure City Size? Theory and Evidence Within and Across Rich and Poor Countries

Remi Jedwab, Prakash Loungani and Anthony Yezer

2019/202: One Ring to Rule Them All? New Evidence on World Cycles

Eric Monnet and Damien Puy

2019/201: State-Owned Enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Assessing Performance and Oversight

Bobana Cegar and Francisco Parodi

2019/200: How Informative Are Real Time Output Gap Estimates in Europe?

Alvar Kangur, Koralai Kirabaeva, Jean-Marc Natal and Simon Voigts

2019/199: US vs. Euro Area: Who Drives Cross-Border Bank Lending to EMs?

Eugenio Cerutti and Carolina Osorio-Buitron

2019/198: More Gray, More Volatile? Aging and (Optimal) Monetary Policy

Daniel Baksa and Zsuzsa Munkacsi

2019/197: Trinity Strikes Back: Monetary Independence and Inflation in the Caribbean

Serhan Cevik and Tianle Zhu

2019/196: Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries? An Examination of Trends and Key Determinants

Benedict Clements, Sanjeev Gupta and Saida Khamidova

2019/195: A Guide to Sovereign Debt Data

S. M. Ali Abbas and Kenneth Rogoff

2019/194: Financial Openness and Capital Inflows to Emerging Markets: In Search of Robust Evidence

Diego Cerdeiro and András Komáromi

2019/193: The Inflexible Structure of Global Supply Chains

Tamim Bayoumi, Jelle Barkema and Diego Cerdeiro

2019/192: The Level REER model in the External Balance Assessment (EBA) Methodology

Rui Mano, Carolina Osorio-Buitron, Luca Ricci and Jose P Mauricio Vargas

2019/191: Manufacturing Jobs and Inequality: Why is the U.S. Experience Different?

Natalija Novta and Evgenia Pugacheva

2019/190: How to Improve Inflation Forecasting in Canada

Troy Matheson

2019/189: Credit Misallocation and Economic Growth in Vietnam

Mitsuru Katagiri

2019/188: Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work?

Djeneba Doumbia and Tidiane Kinda

2019/187: Advancing Inclusive Growth in Cambodia

Niels-Jakob Hansen and Albe Gjonbalaj

2019/186: A Possible Approach to Fiscal Rules in Small Islands — Incorporating Natural Disasters and Climate Change

Ryota Nakatani

2019/185: Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Literature

Signe Krogstrup and William Oman