IMF Working Papers

From International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2020/157: Financial Inclusion: What Have We Learned So Far? What Do We Have to Learn?: Adolfo Barajas, Thorsten Beck, Mohammed Belhaj and Sami Ben Naceur
2020/156: The Nature of Islamic Banking and Solvency Stress Testing - Conceptual Considerations: Andreas Jobst and Juan Sole
2020/155: Productivity in the Netherlands: Sakai Ando
2020/154: Exchange Rate Pass-Through in the Caucasus and Central Asia: Tigran Poghosyan
2020/153: Demographic Transition and Pension Reforms: Adding Demographics to GIMF: Benjamin Carton, Emilio Fernández Corugedo, Benjamin Hunt and Simon Voigts
2020/152: Do Multi-Sector Bond Funds Pose Risks to Emerging Markets?: Fabio Cortes and Luca Sanfilippo
2020/151: Managing Macrofinancial Risk: Tobias Adrian and Francis Vitek
2020/150: Filling the Gap: Digital Credit and Financial Inclusion: Majid Bazarbash and Kimberly Beaton
2020/149: Immigration and Employment: Substitute Versus Complementary Labor in Selected African Countries: Arina Viseth
2020/148: Privacy Provision, Payment Latency, and Role of Collateral: Charles Kahn, Caitlin Long and Manmohan Singh
2020/147: Poverty and Social Protection in Bulgaria: Jean-Jacques Hallaert
2020/146: Accounting Standards and Insurer Solvency Assessment: Peter Windsor, Jeffery Yong and Michelle Chong-Tai Bell
2020/145: A Framework for Estimating Health Spending in Response to COVID-19: Paolo Dudine, Klaus-Peter Hellwig and Samir Jahan
2020/144: Network Effects and Research Collaborations: Dennis Essers, Francesco Grigoli and Evgenia Pugacheva
2020/143: Tax Revenues in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States—Why Are They Low and How Can We Raise Them?: Bernardin Akitoby, Jiro Honda and Keyra Primus
2020/142: Raising Tax Revenue: How to Get More from Tax Administrations?: Eui Soon Chang, Elizabeth Gavin, Nikolay Gueorguiev and Jiro Honda
2020/141: Who Drains Bond Market Liquidity in an Emerging Market?: Ricardo Hoyos, Yang Liu, Hui Miao and Christian Saborowski
2020/140: Forbearance Patterns in the Post-Crisis Period: Katharina Bergant and Thore Kockerols
2020/139: Do Monetary Policy Frameworks Matter in Low Income Countries?: Alina Carare, Carlos de Resende, Andrew Levin and Chelsea Zhang
2020/138: The Real Effects of Mobile Money: Evidence from a Large-Scale Fintech Expansion: Manasa Patnam and Weijia Yao
2020/137: Public Debt and r - g at Risk: Weicheng Lian, Andrea Presbitero and Ursula Wiriadinata
2020/136: Reading the Stars: Peter Williams, Yasser Abdih and Emanuel Kopp
2020/135: Harnessing Digital Technologies to Promote SMEs in the MENAP Region: Inutu Lukonga
2020/134: The Effectiveness of Borrower-Based Macroprudential Measures: A Quantitative Analysis for Slovakia: Pavol Jurca, Ján Klacso, Eugen Tereanu, Marco Forletta and Marco Gross
2020/133: COVID-19 and Emerging Markets: An Epidemiological Model with International Production Networks and Capital Flows: Cem Cakmakli, Selva Demiralp, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Sevcan Yesiltas and Muhammed Yildirim
2020/132: A Framework for Assessing the Costs of Pension Reform Reversals: Daniel Baksa, Zsuzsa Munkacsi and Carolin Nerlich
2020/131: International Trade and Corporate Market Power: Jesus Gonzalez-Garcia and Yuanchen Yang
2020/130: Public Sector Balance Sheet Database: Overview and Guide for Compilers and Users: Miguel Alves, Sage De Clerck and Juliana Gamboa-Arbelaez
2020/129: Measuring Social Unrest Using Media Reports: Philip Barrett, Maximiliano Appendino, Kate Nguyen and Jorge de Leon Miranda
2020/128: Remittances in Russia and Caucasus and Central Asia: the Gravity Model: Tigran Poghosyan
2020/127: Accounting for Cloud Computing in the National Accounts: Andrew Baer, Kwangwon Lee and James Tebrake
2020/126: Patterns in Invoicing Currency in Global Trade: Emine Boz, Camila Casas, Georgios Georgiadis, Gita Gopinath, Helena Le Mezo, Arnaud Mehl and Tra Nguyen
2020/125: Tracking the Economic Impact of COVID-19 and Mitigation Policies in Europe and the United States: Sophia Chen, Deniz Igan, Nicola Pierri and Andrea Presbitero
2020/124: Reexamining the National Savings-Investment Nexus Across Time and Countries: Antonio David, Carlos Goncalves and Alejandro Werner
2020/123: Leaning Against the Wind: A Cost-Benefit Analysis for an Integrated Policy Framework: Luis Brandão-Marques, R. Gaston Gelos, Machiko Narita and Erlend Nier
2020/122: A Quantitative Model for the Integrated Policy Framework: Tobias Adrian, Christopher Erceg, Jesper Lindé, Pawel Zabczyk and Jianping Zhou
2020/121: A Conceptual Model for the Integrated Policy Framework: Suman Basu, Emine Boz, Gita Gopinath, Francisco Roch and Filiz Unsal
2020/120: Non-Financial Corporate Debt in Advanced Economies, 2010–17: Luiza Antoun de Almeida and Thierry Tressel
2020/119: Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data: Ata Bertay, Ljubica Dordevic and Can Sever
2020/118: Determinants of Inclusive Growth in ASEAN: Victoriia Alekhina and Giovanni Ganelli
2020/117: Global Value Chains and Productivity: Micro Evidence from Estonia: Hang Banh, Philippe Wingender and Cheikh Gueye
2020/116: It is Only Natural: Europe’s Low Interest Rates: Marco Arena, C. Di Bella, Alfredo Cuevas, Borja Gracia, Huong Nguyen and Alex Pienkowski
2020/115: Agricultural Market Integration in India: Michal Andrle and Patrick Blagrave
2020/114: A TIP Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reda Cherif and Fuad Hasanov
2020/113: Global Banks’ Dollar Funding: A Source of Financial Vulnerability: Adolfo Barajas, Andrea Deghi, Claudio Raddatz, Dulani Seneviratne, Peichu Xie and Yizhi Xu
2020/112: Going Viral: A Gravity Model of Infectious Diseases and Tourism Flows: Serhan Cevik
2020/111: Expected Credit Loss Modeling from a Top-Down Stress Testing Perspective: Marco Gross, Dimitrios Laliotis, Mindaugas Leika and Pavel Lukyantsau
2020/110: The Macroeconomic Costs of Conflict: Natalija Novta and Evgenia Pugacheva
2020/109: The Impact of Monetary Policy Communication in an Emerging Economy: The Case of Indonesia: Calixte Ahokpossi, Agnes Isnawangsih, Md. Shah Naoaj and Ting Yan
2020/108: One Money, Many Markets: Monetary Transmission and Housing Financing in the Euro Area: Giancarlo Corsetti, Joao Duarte and Samuel Mann
2020/107: Wealth Inequality and Private Savings: The Case of Germany: Mai Dao
2020/106: Dampening Global Financial Shocks: Can Macroprudential Regulation Help (More than Capital Controls)?: Katharina Bergant, Francesco Grigoli, Niels-Jakob Hansen and Damiano Sandri
2020/105: Designing Fiscal Redistribution: The Role of Universal and Targeted Transfers: David Coady and Nghia-Piotr Le
2020/104: A Survey of Research on Retail Central Bank Digital Currency: John Kiff, Jihad Alwazir, Sonja Davidovic, Aquiles Farias, Ashraf Khan, Tanai Khiaonarong, Majid Malaika, Hunter Monroe, Nobu Sugimoto, Hervé Tourpe and Peter Zhou
2020/103: Does Going Tough on Banks Make the Going Get Tough? Bank Liquidity Regulations, Capital Requirements, and Sectoral Activity: Deniz Igan and Ali Mirzaei
2020/102: Debt, Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries with Segmented Labor Markets: Edward Buffie, Luis-Felipe Zanna, Christopher Adam, Lacina Balma, Dawit Tessema and Kangni Kpodar
2020/101: The Non-U.S. Bank Demand for U.S. Dollar Assets: Tobias Adrian and Peichu Xie
2020/100: Comfort in Floating: Taking Stock of Twenty Years of Freely-Floating Exchange Rate in Chile: Elías Albagli, Mauricio Calani, Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Mario Marcel and Luca Ricci
2020/099: Social Programs and Formal Employment: Evidence from the Brazilian Bolsa Família Program: Anna Fruttero, Alexandre Ribeiro Leichsenring and Luis Henrique Paiva
2020/098: The Lack of Convergence of Latin-America Compared with CESEE: Is Low Investment to Blame?: Bas Bakker, Manuk Ghazanchyan, Alex Ho and Vibha Nanda
2020/097: Shocks Matter: Managing Capital Flows with Multiple Instruments in Emerging Economies: Ruy Lama and Juan Medina
2020/096: The Distributional Impact of Recessions: the Global Financial Crisis and the Pandemic Recession: Ippei Shibata
2020/095: Improving Crop Yields in Sub-Saharan Africa - What Does the East African Data Say: Alun Thomas
2020/094: Fiscal Resilience Building: Insights from a New Tax Revenue Diversification Index: Rasmane Ouedraogo, René Tapsoba, Moussé Sow and Ali Compaoré
2020/093: How Large and Persistent is the Response of Inflation to Changes in Retail Energy Prices?: Chadi Abdallah and Kangni Kpodar
2020/092: Would Population Aging Change the Output Effects of Fiscal Policy?: Jiro Honda and Hiroaki Miyamoto
2020/091: Government Spending Effects in a Policy Constrained Environment: Ruoyun Mao and Shu-Chun Yang
2020/090: FX Intervention to Stabilize or Manipulate the Exchange Rate? Inference from Profitability: Damiano Sandri
2020/089: The Costs of Macroprudential Deleveraging in a Liquidity Trap: Jiaqian Chen, Daria Finocchiaro, Jesper Lindé and Karl Walentin
2020/088: Who will Bear the Brunt of Lockdown Policies? Evidence from Tele-workability Measures Across Countries: Mariya Brussevich, Era Dabla-Norris and Salma Khalid
2020/087: Estimating the Neutral Interest Rate in the Kyrgyz Republic: Iulia Ruxandra Teodoru and Asel Toktonalieva
2020/086: How Loose, How Tight? A Measure of Monetary and Fiscal Stance for the Euro Area: Nicoletta Batini, Alessandro Cantelmo, Giovanni Melina and Stefania Villa
2020/085: Credibility Dynamics and Disinflation Plans: Rumen Kostadinov and Francisco Roldán
2020/084: Why Did Public Banks Lend More During the Global Financial Crisis?: Joshua Bosshardt and Eugenio Cerutti
2020/083: Synergies Between Monetary and Macroprudential Policies in Thailand: Ichiro Fukunaga and Manrique Saenz
2020/082: Liquidity at Risk: Joint Stress Testing of Solvency and Liquidity: Rama Cont, Artur Kotlicki and Laura Valderrama
2020/081: Measuring the Impact of a Failing Participant in Payment Systems: Ronald Heijmans and Froukelien Wendt
2020/080: Estimated Policy Rules for Capital Controls: Gurnain Pasricha
2020/079: This Changes Everything: Climate Shocks and Sovereign Bonds: Serhan Cevik and Joao Jalles
2020/078: Predictive Density Aggregation: A Model for Global GDP Growth: Francesca Caselli, Francesco Grigoli, Romain Lafarguette and Changchun Wang
2020/077: Tax Elasticity Estimates for Capital Stocks in Canada: Jean-Francois Wen, Fatih Yilmaz and Danea Trejo
2020/076: Tec(h)tonic Shifts: Taxing the “Digital Economy”: Aqib Aslam and Alpa Shah
2020/075: Fintech and Payments Regulation: Analytical Framework: Tanai Khiaonarong and Terry Goh
2020/074: Drivers of Financial Access: the Role of Macroprudential Policies: Corinne Delechat, Lama Kiyasseh, Margaux MacDonald and Rui Xu
2020/073: Hysteresis and Business Cycles: Valerie Cerra, Antonio Fatas and Sweta Saxena
2020/072: When Banks Punch Back: Macrofinancial Feedback Loops in Stress Tests: Mario Catalan and Alexander Hoffmaister
2020/071: The Fiscal State-Dependent Effects of Capital Income Tax Cuts: Alexandra Fotiou, Wenyi Shen and Shu-Chun Yang
2020/070: Global Smartphones Sales May Have Peaked: Joannes Mongardini and Aneta Radzikowski
2020/069: Patterns of Foreign Exchange Intervention under Inflation Targeting: Gustavo Adler, Kyun Suk Chang and Zijiao Wang
2020/068: Can Digitalization Help Deter Corruption in Africa?: Rasmane Ouedraogo and Amadou Sy
2020/067: Effects of Macroprudential Policy: Evidence from Over 6,000 Estimates: Juliana Araujo, Manasa Patnam, Adina Popescu, Fabian Valencia and Weijia Yao
2020/066: Do Remittances Enhance Financial Inclusion in LMICs and in Fragile States?: Sami Ben Naceur, Ralph Chami and Mohamed Trabelsi
2020/065: Macroprudential Policies, Economic Growth, and Banking Crises: Mohamed Belkhir, Sami Ben Naceur, Bertrand Candelon and Jean-Charles Wijnandts
2020/064: Model-Based Globally-Consistent Risk Assessment: Michal Andrle and Benjamin Hunt
2020/063: Non-Resident Holdings of Domestic Debt in Nigeria: Internal or External Driven?: Amr Hosny
2020/062: Macro-Structural Obstacles to Firm Performance: Evidence from 2,640 Firms in Nigeria: Amr Hosny
2020/061: Are Capital Goods Tariffs Different?: Sergii Meleshchuk and Yannick Timmer
2020/060: Real Exchange Rate Overshooting in Large Depreciations: Determinants and Consequences: Alexander Culiuc
2020/059: A European Minimum Wage: Implications for Poverty and Macroeconomic Imbalances: Enrica Detragiache, Christian Ebeke, La-Bhus Jirasavetakul, Koralai Kirabaeva, Davide Malacrino, Florian Misch, Hyun Park and Yu Shi
2020/058: The Anatomy of the Transmission of Macroprudential Policies: Viral Acharya, Katharina Bergant, Matteo Crosignani, Tim Eisert and Fergal McCann

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