IMF Working Papers

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1997/107: Tax Effort in Sub-Saharan Africa

Janet Stotsky and Asegedech WoldeMariam

1997/106: The Determinants of Banking Crises: Evidence From Developing and Developed Countries

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Enrica Detragiache

1997/105: The Egyptian Stabilization Experience: An Analytical Retrospective

Arvind Subramanian

1997/104: Potential Output Growth in Emerging Market Countries: The Case of Chile

Jorge Roldos

1997/103: Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Trade

Gabrielle Lipworth and Tamim Bayoumi

1997/102: On the Speed of Transition in Central and Eastern Europe: Does On-the-Job Search Matter?

Zuzana Brixiová Schwidrowski

1997/101: Fiscal Policy and Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Sena Eken

1997/100: Controlling Fiscal Corruption

Sheetal Chand and Karl Ove Moene

1997/099: The Design of EMU

David Begg

1997/098: Some Evidenceon Exchange Rate Determination in Major Industrial Countries

Yan Sun and R. Johnston

1997/097: Growth and Productivity in Asean Countries

Michael Sarel

1997/096: Public Disclosure and Bank Failures

Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Tito Cordella

1997/095: Debt Reduction and New Loans: A Contracting Perspective

Aasim Husain, John Carlson and Jeffrey Zimmerman

1997/094: The Role of Fiscal Policy in Sustainable Stabilization: Evidence From Latin America

Gerd Schwartz and Teresa Ter-Minassian

1997/093: Effects of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on Taxation and Interest Spending of National Governments

Francesco Mongelli

1997/092: Authorities' Roles and Organizational Issues in Systemic Bank Restructuring

Peter Nyberg

1997/091: Exogenous Shocks, Deposit Runs and Bank Soundness: A Macroeconomic Framework

Mario Bléjer

1997/090: From Suez to Tequila: The IMF As Crisis Manager

James Boughton

1997/089: Institutional Development: Skill Transference Through a Reversal of “Human Capital Flight” or Technical Assistance

International Monetary Fund

1997/088: Do Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Activity?

Roger Gordon

1997/087: Capital Flows and the Twin Crises: The Role of Liquidity

Ilan Goldfajn and Rodrigo Valdés

1997/086: Borrowing Risk and the Tequila Effect

Pierre-Richard Agénor

1997/085: Growth, Investment, and Savings in the Arab Economies

Amer Bisat

1997/084: Recovery Ratios and Survival Times for Corporate Bonds

Ivailo Izvorski

1997/083: Do Central Banks Need Capital?

Peter Stella

1997/082: Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Alexander Hoffmaister

1997/081: Financial Sector Reforms in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia: A Preliminary Assessment

Abdelali Jbili

1997/080: Inflation in Transition Economies: How Much? and Why?

Atish Ghosh

1997/079: Leading Indicators of Currency Crises

Graciela Kaminsky

1997/078: Tax Burden and Migration: A Political Economy Perspective

Efraim Sadka and Assaf Razin

1997/077: Unemployment Persistence and Capital Shortage: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago

Benedikt Braumann

1997/076: A Model of an Optimum Currency Area

Luca Ricci

1997/075: Exchange Rate-Based Stabilization in Western Europe: Greece, Ireland, Italy and Portugal

Enrica Detragiache and A. Javier Hamann

1997/074: How Long is the Long Run? A Dynamic Analysis of the Spanish Business Cycle

Humberto Lopez, Stefania Fabrizio and Angel Ubide

1997/073: Corruption and the Rate of Temptation: Do Low Wages in the Civil Service Cause Corruption?

International Monetary Fund

1997/072: External Borrowing by the Baltics, Russia and Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union: Developments and Policy Issues

International Monetary Fund

1997/071: A Primeron the IMF's Information Notice System

Dominique Desruelle and Alessandro Zanello

1997/070: World Commodity Prices as a Forecasting Tool for Retail Prices: Evidence From the United Kingdom

John Thornton and Alicia García-Herrero

1997/069: Exchange Rate Regimes and Location

Luca Ricci

1997/068: An Analysis of External Debt and Capital Flight in the Severely Indebted Low Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

Simeon Ajayi

1997/067: What Type of Contracts Underlie Aggregate Wage Dynamics?

Esteban Jadresic

1997/066: Real Exchange Rate Levels, Productivity and Demand Shocks: Evidence from a Panel of 14 Countries

Louis Johnston and Menzie Chinn

1997/065: Experiences with Monetary Integration and Lessons for Korean Unification

Goohoon Kwon

1997/064: Contrasting Monetary Regimes in Africa

Patrick Honohan and Stephen O'Connell

1997/063: Does Public Disagreementon Monetary Policy Unsettle the Markets?

Hossein Samiei and Timothy Lane

1997/062: European Monetary Union and International Capital Markets: Structural Implications and Risks

Garry Schinasi and Alessandro Prati

1997/061: Cointegration and Long-Horizon Forecasting

Francis Diebold and Peter Christoffersen

1997/060: Investment Implications of Selected WTO Agreements and the Proposed Multilateral Agreementon Investment

Matthias Vocke

1997/059: Social Security Tax Reform and Unemployment: A General Equilibrium Analysis for France

International Monetary Fund

1997/058: Characteristics of the Euro, the Demand for Reserves, and Policy Coordination Under EMU

Paul Masson and Bart Turtelboom

1997/057: The Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy on Job Creation and Destruction

Pietro Garibaldi

1997/056: Explaining Consumption: A Simple Test of Alternative Hypotheses

Tamim Bayoumi

1997/055: The GATS Agreementon Financial Services: A Modest Start to Multilateral Liberalization

Piritta Sorsa

1997/054: Determinants of Korean Trade Flows and their Geographical Destination

Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti and Lorenzo Giorgianni

1997/053: Liberalization and the Behavior of Output During the Transition From Plan to Market

Ernesto Hernández-Catá

1997/052: Fiscal Aspects of Bank Restructuring

James Daniel

1997/051: Current Account Imbalances in AsEAN Countries: Are they a Problem?

Jonathan Ostry

1997/050: Zaïre’s Hyperinflation, 1990-96

Philippe Beaugrand

1997/049: The IMF Monetary Model At Forty

J. Polak

1997/048: Modeling the World Economic Outlook At the IMF: A Historical Review

James Boughton

1997/047: Intra-Industry Trade of Arab Countries: An Indicator of Potential Competitiveness

Peter Kunzel and Oleh Havrylyshyn

1997/046: The Effect of Expected Effective Corporate Tax Rates on Incremental Financing Decisions

Reint Gropp

1997/045: The Indonesian Financial System: Its Contribution to Economic Performance, and Key Policy Issues

John Montgomery

1997/044: Aspects of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Under Exchange Rate Targeting: The Case of France

Joaquim Levy and Ioannis Halikias

1997/043: The Effect of Globalization on Wages in the Advanced Economies

Phillip Swagel and Matthew Slaughter

1997/042: Deindustrialization: Causes and Implications

Ramana Ramaswamy and Bob Rowthorn

1997/041: A Provincial View of Economic Integration

Michael Klein and Tamim Bayoumi

1997/040: Bank Concentration and the Supply of Credit in Argentina

Gustavo Cañonero

1997/039: Foreign Exchange Risk Premium: Does Fiscal Policy Matter? Evidence From Italian Data

Lorenzo Giorgianni

1997/038: The Effects of Forward-Versus Backward-Looking Wage Indexationon Price Stabilization Programs

Joe Crowley

1997/037: International Labor Standards and International Trade

Stephen Golub

1997/036: Financial Liberalization and Money Demand in Asean Countries: Implications for Monetary Policy

Robert Dekle and Mahmood Pradhan

1997/035: Inflation Targeting in Practice

Guy Debelle

1997/034: Monetary Policy and Leading Indicators of Inflation in Sweden

Josef Baumgartner, Göran Zettergren and Ramana Ramaswamy

1997/033: The Effect of Increasing Government Employment on Growth: Some Evidence from Africa

James Gordon

1997/032: Bank Credit in Argentina in the Aftermath of the Mexican Crisis: Supply or Demand Constrained?

Luis Catão

1997/031: Aspects of Fiscal Performance in Some Transition Economies Under Fund-Supported Programs

Willem Buiter

1997/030: Designing a Tax Administration Reform Strategy: Experiences and Guidelines

Katherine Baer and Carlos Silvani

1997/029: International Currencies and Endogenous Enforcement: An Empirical Analysis

Roohi Prem

1997/028: Market Information and Signaling in Central Bank Operations, or, How Often Should a Central Bank Intervene?

International Monetary Fund

1997/027: Recent Export Credit Market Developments

International Monetary Fund

1997/026: Informational Efficiency, Interest Rate Variability, and Central Bank Operations

International Monetary Fund

1997/025: The Tax Treatment of Government Bonds

John Norregaard

1997/024: Debt Relief for Low-Income Countries and the HIPC Initiative

Kamau Thugge and Anthony Boote

1997/023: Possible Effects of European Monetary Union on Switzerland: A Case Study of Policy Dilemmas Caused by Low Inflation and the Nominal Interest Rate Floor

Douglas Laxton and Eswar Prasad

1997/022: Broad Money Demand and Monetary Policy in Tunisia

Volker Treichel

1997/021: What Determines Real Exchange Rates? The Long and Short of it

Ronald MacDonald

1997/020: Fiscal Policy Management in an Open Capital Regime

Peter Heller

1997/019: Cyclical Effects of the Composition of Government Purchases

Jahangir Aziz and Luc Leruth

1997/018: The Reform of the Pension System in Italy

A. Javier Hamann

1997/017: Phillips Curves, Phillips Lines and the Unemplyment Costs of Overheating

Douglas Laxton and Peter Clark

1997/016: Policy Implications of "Second-Generation" Crisis Models

Nancy Marion and Robert Flood

1997/015: Stock Market Equilibrium and Macroeconomic Fundamentals

Lamin Leigh

1997/014: Financial innovations Involving the Greek Drachma

E. Gatzonas and Michael Papaioannou

1997/013: Patterns of Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: A Theoretical Perspective

Zhaohui Chen and Mohsin Khan

1997/012: The Rationale and Design of Inflation-Indexed Bonds

Robert Price

1997/011: Towards a Market Economy: Structures of Governance

Pierre Dhonte and Ishan Kapur

1997/010: From Generosity to Sustainability: The Austrian Pension System and Options for its Reform

Christian Thimann and Manfred Koch

1997/009: Are Business Cycles Different in Asia and Latin America?

Alexander Hoffmaister and Jorge Roldos

1997/008: External Stability Under Alternative Nominal Exchange Rate Anchors: An Application to the GCC Countries

Zubair Iqbal and S. Erbas