IMF Working Papers

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International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2022/053: The Availability, Methodological Soundness, and Scope of Consumer Price Statistics in 2020

Vanda Guerreiro, Andrew Baer and Anthony Silungwe

2022/052: Nowcasting GDP - A Scalable Approach Using DFM, Machine Learning and Novel Data, Applied to European Economies

Jean-Francois Dauphin, Kamil Dybczak, Morgan Maneely, Marzie Taheri Sanjani, Nujin Suphaphiphat, Yifei Wang and Hanqi Zhang

2022/051: South Africa: The Financial Sector-Sovereign Nexus

Heiko Hesse and Ken Miyajima

2022/050: The Nexus Between Public Enterprise Governance, Financial Performance, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities: An Application to Moldova

Amgad Hegazy and Arturo Navarro

2022/049: Strengthening the WAEMU Regional Fiscal Framework

Antonio David, Alexandre Nguyen-Duong and Hoda Selim

2022/048: Patterns and Drivers of Health Spending Efficiency

Mercedes Garcia-Escribano, Pedro Juarros and Tewodaj Mogues

2022/047: Financial Concerns and the Marginal Propensity to Consume in COVID Times: Evidence from UK Survey Data

Bruno Albuquerque and Georgina Green

2022/046: Has Chinese Aid Benefited Recipient Countries? Evidence from a Meta-Regression Analysis

Pierre Mandon and Martha Tesfaye Woldemichael

2022/045: Building Statistical Capacity in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States

Stephanie Medina Cas, Yasmin Alem and Jacinta Bernadette Shirakawa

2022/044: Consumption Effects of Mortgage Payment Holidays: Evidence during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bruno Albuquerque and Alexandra Varadi

2022/043: Fix vs. Float: Evaluating the Transition to a Sustainable Equilibrium in Bolivia

Andres Gonzalez, Etibar Jafarov, Diego Rodriguez Guzman and Chris Walker

2022/042: Are Low-Skill Women Being Left Behind? Labor Market Evidence from the UK

Era Dabla-Norris, Carlo Pizzinelli and Jay Rappaport

2022/041: Watch What They Do, Not What They Say: Estimating Regulatory Costs from Revealed Preferences

Adrien Alvero, Sakai Ando and Kairong Xiao

2022/040: The Effect of Tariffs in Global Value Chains

Johannes Eugster, Florence Jaumotte, Margaux MacDonald and Roberto Piazza

2022/039: Sub-Saharan Africa: Building Resilience to Climate-Related Disasters

Eric M. Pondi Endengle, Seung Mo Choi and Pritha Mitra

2022/038: Determinants and Effects of Countries’ External Capital Structure: A Firm-Level Analysis

Uroš Herman and Tobias Krahnke

2022/037: Tackling Legal Impediments to Women’s Economic Empowerment

Katharine Christopherson Puh, Audrey Yiadom, Juliet Johnson, Francisca Fernando, Hanan Yazid and Clara Thiemann

2022/036: Trust What You Hear: Policy Communication, Expectations, and Fiscal Credibility

Nicolas End and Gee Hee Hong

2022/035: Emerging Markets: Prospects and Challenges

Tryggvi Gudmundsson, Vladimir Klyuev, Leandro Medina, Boaz Nandwa, Dmitry Plotnikov, Francisco Schiffrer and Di Yang

2022/034: Digitalization and Resilience: Firm-level Evidence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nordine Abidi, Mehdi El Herradi and Sahra Sakha

2022/033: Preferences for Reforms: Endowments vs. Beliefs

Romain Duval, Yi Ji, Chris Papageorgiou, Ippei Shibata and Antonio Spilimbergo

2022/032: China's Declining Business Dynamism

Diego Cerdeiro and Cian Ruane

2022/031: Supply Bottlenecks: Where, Why, How Much, and What Next?

Oya Celasun, Niels-Jakob Hansen, Aiko Mineshima, Mariano Spector and Jing Zhou

2022/030: Secular Drivers of the Natural Rate of Interest in the United States: A Quantitative Evaluation

Josef Platzer and Marcel Peruffo

2022/029: 2020 Global Stocktaking of National Accounts Statistics: Availability for Policy and Surveillance

Anthony Silungwe, Andrew Baer and Vanda Guerreiro

2022/028: Dollar Invoicing, Global Value Chains, and the Business Cycle Dynamics of International Trade

David Cook and Nikhil Patel

2022/027: Falling Use of Cash and Demand for Retail Central Bank Digital Currency

Tanai Khiaonarong and David Humphrey

2022/026: Gendered Taxes: The Interaction of Tax Policy with Gender Equality

Maria Coelho, Aieshwarya Davis, Alexander Klemm and Carolina Osorio-Buitron

2022/025: Loss-of-Learning and the Post-Covid Recovery in Low-Income Countries

Edward Buffie, Christopher Adam, Luis-Felipe Zanna and Kangni Kpodar

2022/024: Exchange Rate Elasticities of International Tourism and the Role of Dominant Currency Pricing

Ding Ding and Yannick Timmer

2022/023: Impact of COVID-19 on Attitudes to Climate Change and Support for Climate Policies

Adil Mohommad and Evgenia Pugacheva

2022/022: Monetary Policy Frameworks: An Index and New Evidence

Filiz Unsal, Chris Papageorgiou and Hendre Garbers

2022/021: Usability of Bank Capital Buffers: The Role of Market Expectations

José Abad and Antonio Garcia Pascual

2022/020: Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries

Dora Benedek, Juan Carlos Benitez and Charles Vellutini

2022/019: E-commerce During Covid: Stylized Facts from 47 Economies

Alberto Cavallo, Prachi Mishra and Antonio Spilimbergo

2022/018: Inequality in the Spanish Labor Market During the COVID-19 Crisis

Ana Lariau and Lucy Qian Liu

2022/017: Revisiting the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Through an Industry-Level Differential Approach

Sangyup Choi, Tim Willems and Seung Yong Yoo

2022/016: Sovereign Debt Sustainability and Central Bank Credibility

Tim Willems and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2022/015: A Medium-Scale DSGE Model for the Integrated Policy Framework

Tobias Adrian, Vitor Gaspar and Francis Vitek

2022/014: Applying the Central Clearing Mandate: Different Options for Different Markets

John Kiff, Alessandro Gullo, Cory Hillier and Panagiotis Papapanagiotou

2022/013: Greece's Investment Gap

Shiqing Hua, Marina Mendes Tavares and Xin Xu

2022/012: Economic Activity, Fiscal Space and Types of COVID-19 Containment Measures

Amr Hosny and Kevin Pallara

2022/011: Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils: Recent Trends and Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hamid Davoodi, Paul Elger, Alexandra Fotiou, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Xuehui Han, Andresa Lagerborg, Waikei Lam and Paulo Medas

2022/010: The 'Fiscal Presource Curse': Giant Discoveries and Debt Sustainability

Matteo Ruzzante and Nelson Sobrinho

2022/009: Structural Breaks in Carbon Emissions: A Machine Learning Analysis

Jiaxiong Yao and Yunhui Zhao

2022/008: Tax Policy for Inclusive Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean

Santiago Acosta Ormaechea, Samuel Pienknagura and Carlo Pizzinelli

2022/007: Distribution Costs

Cian Ruane and Alessandra Peter

2022/006: Cars in Europe: Supply Chains and Spillovers during COVID-19 Times

Vizhdan Boranova, Raju Huidrom, Ezgi Ozturk, Ara Stepanyan, Petia Topalova and Shihangyin (Frank) Zhang

2022/005: Has COVID-19 Induced Labor Market Mismatch? Evidence from the US and the UK

Carlo Pizzinelli and Ippei Shibata

2022/004: Winning the War? New Evidence on the Measurement and the Determinants of Poverty in the United States

Katharina Bergant, Anke Weber and Andrea Medici

2022/003: Preemptive Policies and Risk-Off Shocks in Emerging Markets

Mitali Das, Gita Gopinath and Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

2022/002: The Role for Deposit Insurance Funds in Dealing with Failing Banks in the European Union

Atilla Arda and Marc Dobler

2022/001: A Measurement of Aggregate Trade Restrictions and their Economic Effects

Julia Estefania-Flores, Davide Furceri, Swarnali Hannan, Jonathan Ostry and Andrew Rose

2021/296: Financial Regulation, Climate Change, and the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: A Survey of the Issues

Dimitri Demekas and Pierpaolo Grippa

2021/295: Using the Google Places API and Google Trends Data to Develop High Frequency Indicators of Economic Activity

Paul Austin, Marco Marini, Alberto Sanchez, Chima Simpson-Bell and James Tebrake

2021/294: The Spending Challenge of Achieving the SDGs in South Asia: Lessons from India

Mercedes Garcia-Escribano, Tewodaj Mogues, Marian Moszoro and Mauricio Soto

2021/293: Another Piece of the Puzzle: Adding Swift Data on Documentary Collections to the Short-Term Forecast of World Trade

Narek Ghazaryan, Alexei Goumilevski, Joannes Mongardini and Aneta Radzikowski

2021/292: A Quantitative Microfounded Model for the Integrated Policy Framework

Tobias Adrian, Christopher Erceg, Marcin Kolasa, Jesper Lindé and Pawel Zabczyk

2021/291: Measuring U.S. Core Inflation: The Stress Test of COVID-19

Laurence Ball, Daniel Leigh, Prachi Mishra and Antonio Spilimbergo

2021/290: Modeling the U.S. Climate Agenda: Macro-Climate Trade-offs and Considerations

Philip Barrett, Katharina Bergant, Jean Chateau and Rui Mano

2021/289: Idiosyncratic Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations in an Emerging Market

Francesco Grigoli, Emiliano Luttini and Damiano Sandri

2021/288: Operational Resilience in Digital Payments: Experiences and Issues

Tanai Khiaonarong, Harry Leinonen and Ryan Rizaldy

2021/287: The State and Your Hard-Earned Money: A Survey on Moral Perspectives in Public Finance

Paolo Mauro

2021/286: Successful Transitions from Public to Private-Sector Led Growth: Lessons for Benin

Aissatou Diallo

2021/285: When Does Capacity Development Achieve Good Outcomes? Evidence from the IMF Results-Based Management Data

Antonio Bassanetti

2021/284: Creative Destruction During Crises - An Opportunity for a Cleaner Energy Mix

Pragyan Deb, Davide Furceri, Jonathan Ostry and Nour Tawk

2021/283: Financing for the Post-pandemic Recovery: Developing Domestic Sovereign Debt Markets in Central America

Jean François Clevy, Guilherme Pedras and Esther Perez Ruiz

2021/282: The Premia on State-Contingent Sovereign Debt Instruments

Deniz Igan, Taehoon Kim and Antoine Levy

2021/281: COVID-19 Vaccines: A Shot in Arm for the Economy

Niels-Jakob Hansen and Rui Mano

2021/280: Global Climate Change Mitigation, Fossil-Fuel Driven Development, and the Role of Financial and Technology Transfers: A Simple Framework

Johannes Wiegand

2021/279: State-Level Health and Economic Impact of COVID-19 in India

Pragyan Deb and TengTeng Xu

2021/278: Corporate Sector Resilience in India in the Wake of the COVID-19 Shock

Lucyna Gornicka, Sumiko Ogawa and TengTeng Xu

2021/277: The Heavy Economic Toll of Gender-based Violence: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Rasmané Ouedraogo and David Stenzel

2021/276: Assessing Banking and Currency Crisis Risk in Small States: An application to the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union

Carlo Pizzinelli, Kotaro Ishi and Tariq Khan

2021/275: Macrofinancial Causes of Optimism in Growth Forecasts

Yan Carrière-Swallow and José Marzluf

2021/274: Monetary Policy and COVID-19

Michal Brzoza-Brzezina, Marcin Kolasa and Krzysztof Makarski

2021/273: Tracing Productivity Growth Channels in the UK

Daniel Garcia-Macia and Julia Korosteleva

2021/272: Uncertainty and Public Investment Multipliers: The Role of Economic Confidence

William Gbohoui

2021/271: The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation

Kangni Kpodar and Boya Liu

2021/270: Okun's Law, Development, and Demographics: Differences in the Cyclical Sensitivities of Unemployment Across Economy and Worker Groups

Zidong An, John Bluedorn and Gabriele Ciminelli

2021/269: Gender Budgeting in G20 Countries

Virginia Alonso-Albarran, Teresa Curristine, Gemma Preston, Alberto Soler, Nino Tchelishvili and Sureni Weerathunga

2021/268: Establishing a Foreign Exchange Futures Market in China

Zhongxia Jin, Yue Zhao and Haobin Wang

2021/267: How Does the Repo Market Behave Under Stress? Evidence From the COVID-19 Crisis

Anne-Caroline Hüser, Caterina Lepore and Luitgard Veraart

2021/266: Epidemics, Gender, and Human Capital in Developing Countries

Stefania Fabrizio, Diego Gomes, Carine Meyimdjui and Marina Tavares

2021/265: The COVID-19 Impact on Corporate Leverage and Financial Fragility

Sharjil Haque and Richard Varghese

2021/264: Commercial Real Estate and Macrofinancial Stability During COVID-19

Andrea Deghi, Junghwan Mok and Tomohiro Tsuruga

2021/263: Forecasting Social Unrest: A Machine Learning Approach

Chris Redl and Sandile Hlatshwayo

2021/262: The Effects of Fiscal Measures During COVID-19

Pragyan Deb, Davide Furceri, Jonathan Ostry, Nour Tawk and Naihan Yang

2021/261: Climate-Related Stress Testing: Transition Risk in Colombia

Can Sever and Manuel Perez-Archila

2021/260: Barriers to Trade in Financial and Insurance Services: Evidence from the United Kingdom

Jiri Podpiera

2021/259: Monitoring the Climate Impact of Fiscal Policy - Lessons from Tracking the COVID-19 Response

Khaled Eltokhy, Katja Funke, Guohua Huang, Yujin Kim and Genet Zinabou

2021/258: Knowledge Spillovers From Superstar Tech-Firms: The Case of Nokia

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Reda Cherif, Fuad Hasanov, Natalia Kuosmanen and Mika Pajarinen

2021/257: Household Deleveraging and Saving Rates: A Cross-Country Analysis

Romain Bouis

2021/256: An Extended Quarterly Projection Model: Credit Cycle, Macrofinancial Linkages and Macroprudential Measures: The Case of the Philippines

Philippe Karam, Mikhail Pranovich and Jan Vlcek

2021/255: A Balance-Sheet Analysis of the Dutch Economy

Ruo Chen

2021/254: Safe Asset Demand, Global Capital Flows and Wealth Concentration

Taehoon Kim

2021/253: Analyzing Capital Flow Drivers Using the ‘At-Risk’ Framework: South Africa’s Case

Rohit Goel and Ken Miyajima

2021/252: Measuring the Redistributive Capacity of Tax Policies

Charles Vellutini and Juan Carlos Benitez

2021/251: Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics

Seungho Jung, Jongmin Lee and Seohyun Lee

2021/250: Pareto-Improving Minimum Corporate Taxation

Shafik Hebous and Michael Keen