IMF Working Papers

From International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2022/099: Finance Vaccine Equity: Funding for Day-Zero of the Next Pandemic

Ruchir Agarwal and Tristan Reed

2022/098: Sovereign Eurobond Liquidity and Yields

Daniel Hardy

2022/097: Seven Finance & Trade Lessons from COVID-19 for Future Pandemics

Ruchir Agarwal and Gita Gopinath

2022/096: Do Monetary Policy Outcomes Promote Stability in Fragile Settings?

Oumar Diallo, Steve Gui-Diby and Patrick Imam

2022/095: Road Quality and Mean Speed Score

Marian Moszoro and Mauricio Soto

2022/094: Assessing Vulnerabilities to Corruption in Public Procurement and Their Price Impact

Aly Abdou, Olivier Basdevant, Elizabeth David-Barrett and Mihaly Fazekas

2022/093: Weather Shocks and Exchange Rate Flexibility

Selim Elekdag and Maxwell Tuuli

2022/092: Evolution of Remittances to CAPDR Countries and Mexico During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aleksandra Babii, Alina Carare, Dmitry Vasilyev and Yorbol Yakhshilikov

2022/091: Inflation Dynamics in Advanced Economies: A Decomposition into Cyclical and Non-Cyclical Factors

Weicheng Lian and Andreas Freitag

2022/090: Bilateral Trade Imbalances

Alejandro Cunat and Robert Zymek

2022/089: The Japanese Labor Market During the COVID- 19 Pandemic

Shinya Kotera and Jochen M. Schmittmann

2022/088: Overcoming Data Sparsity: A Machine Learning Approach to Track the Real-Time Impact of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa

Karim Barhoumi, Seung Mo Choi, Tara Iyer, Jiakun Li, Franck Ouattara, Andrew Tiffin and Jiaxiong Yao

2022/087: Advancing the Monetary Policy Toolkit through Outright Transfers

Sascha Buetzer

2022/086: Measuring Carbon Emissions of Foreign Direct Investment in Host Economies

Maria Borga, Achille Pegoue, Gregory Legoff, Alberto Sanchez Rodelgo, Dmitrii Entaltsev and Kenneth Egesa

2022/085: Digital Money and Central Bank Operations

Charles Kahn, Manmohan Singh and Jihad Alwazir

2022/084: Reported Social Unrest Index: March 2022 Update

Philip Barrett

2022/083: Cross-Border Central Bank Digital Currencies, Bank Runs and Capital Flows Volatility

Adina Popescu

2022/082: Fiscal Multipliers and Informality

Emilio Colombo, Davide Furceri, Pietro Pizzuto and Patrizio Tirelli

2022/081: Trade and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from French Firms

Mariya Brussevich, Chris Papageorgiou and Pauline Wibaux

2022/080: Fintech: Financial Inclusion or Exclusion?

Yoke Wang Tok and Dyna Heng

2022/079: The Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on Foreign Investment in the United States

Thornton Matheson, Alexander Klemm, Laura Power and Thomas Brosy

2022/078: Sovereign Cocos

Juan Carlos Hatchondo, Leonardo Martinez, Yasin Onder and Francisco Roch

2022/077: Sovereign Debt Repatriation During Crises

Serkan Arslanalp and Laura Sunder-Plassmann

2022/076: Public Debt and Real GDP: Revisiting the Impact

Constance de Soyres, Reina Kawai Eskimez and Mengxue Wang

2022/075: High Performance Export Portfolio: Design Growth-Enhancing Export Structure with Machine Learning

Natasha Che and Xuege Zhang

2022/074: Monetary Policy Transmission and Policy Coordination in China

Sonali Das and Wenting Song

2022/073: India’s Banks: Lending to Productive Firms?

Siddharth George, Divya Kirti, Soledad Martinez Peria and Rajesh Vijayaraghavan

2022/072: Shocks to Inflation Expectations

Philip Barrett and Jonathan Adams

2022/071: Corporate Vulnerabilities in the Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan in the Wake of COVID-19 Pandemic

Nordine Abidi and Mohamed Belkhir

2022/070: The Return of Expansionary Austerity: Firms’ Investment Response to Fiscal Adjustments in Emerging Markets

Nicolas Magud and Samuel Pienknagura

2022/069: Pandemic, Poverty, and Inequality: Evidence from India

Surjit Bhalla, Karan Bhasin and Arvind Virmani

2022/068: A Global Strategy to Manage the Long-Term Risks of COVID-19

Ruchir Agarwal, Gita Gopinath, Jeremy Farrar, Richard Hatchett and Peter Sands

2022/067: Monetary Policy in Disaster-Prone Developing Countries

Alessandro Cantelmo, Nikos Fatouros, Giovanni Melina and Chris Papageorgiou

2022/066: Policy Sequencing Towards Carbon Pricing - Empirical Evidence From G20 Economies and Other Major Emitters

Manuel Linsenmeier, Adil Mohommad and Gregor Schwerhoff

2022/065: What Drives Mortgage Default Risk in Europe and the U.S.?

Marco Gross, Thierry Tressel, Xiaodan Ding and Eugen Tereanu

2022/064: Household Vulnerability to Income Shocks in Emerging and Developing Asia: the Case of Cambodia, Nepal and Vietnam

Alessia De Stefani, Athene Laws and Alexandre Sollaci

2022/063: What Explains Remittance Fees? Panel Evidence

Thorsten Beck, Mathilde Janfils and Kangni Kpodar

2022/062: Social Versus Individual Work Preferences: Implications for Optimal Income Taxation

Zhiyong An and David Coady

2022/061: Shipping Costs and Inflation

Yan Carrière-Swallow, Pragyan Deb, Davide Furceri, Daniel Jiménez and Jonathan Ostry

2022/060: Crypto, Corruption, and Capital Controls: Cross-Country Correlations

Marwa Alnasaa, Nikolay Gueorguiev, Jiro Honda, Eslem Imamoglu, Paolo Mauro, Keyra Primus and Dmitriy Rozhkov

2022/059: Supply Chains and Port Congestion Around the World

András Komáromi, Diego Cerdeiro and Yang Liu

2022/058: The Stealth Erosion of Dollar Dominance: Active Diversifiers and the Rise of Nontraditional Reserve Currencies

Serkan Arslanalp, Barry Eichengreen and Chima Simpson-Bell

2022/057: Digitalization and Tax Compliance Spillovers: Evidence from a VAT e-Invoicing Reform in Peru

Matthieu Bellon, Era Dabla-Norris, Salma Khalid, Juan Carlos Paliza, Jillie Chang and Pilar Villena

2022/056: The Financial Performance and Macrofinancial Implications of Large State-Owned Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa

Torsten Wezel and Naly Carvalho

2022/055: Estimating the Employment and GDP Multiplier of Emergency Cash Transfers in Brazil

Daniel Cunha, Joana Pereira, Roberto Perrelli and Frederik Toscani

2022/054: Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa Fragile States: Evidence from Panel Estimations

Rodolfo Maino and Drilona Emrullahu

2022/053: The Availability, Methodological Soundness, and Scope of Consumer Price Statistics in 2020

Vanda Guerreiro, Andrew Baer and Anthony Silungwe

2022/052: Nowcasting GDP - A Scalable Approach Using DFM, Machine Learning and Novel Data, Applied to European Economies

Jean-Francois Dauphin, Kamil Dybczak, Morgan Maneely, Marzie Taheri Sanjani, Nujin Suphaphiphat, Yifei Wang and Hanqi Zhang

2022/051: South Africa: The Financial Sector-Sovereign Nexus

Heiko Hesse and Ken Miyajima

2022/050: The Nexus Between Public Enterprise Governance, Financial Performance, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities: An Application to Moldova

Amgad Hegazy and Arturo Navarro

2022/049: Strengthening the WAEMU Regional Fiscal Framework

Antonio David, Alexandre Nguyen-Duong and Hoda Selim

2022/048: Patterns and Drivers of Health Spending Efficiency

Mercedes Garcia-Escribano, Pedro Juarros and Tewodaj Mogues

2022/047: Financial Concerns and the Marginal Propensity to Consume in COVID Times: Evidence from UK Survey Data

Bruno Albuquerque and Georgina Green

2022/046: Has Chinese Aid Benefited Recipient Countries? Evidence from a Meta-Regression Analysis

Pierre Mandon and Martha Tesfaye Woldemichael

2022/045: Building Statistical Capacity in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States

Stephanie Medina Cas, Yasmin Alem and Jacinta Bernadette Shirakawa

2022/044: Consumption Effects of Mortgage Payment Holidays: Evidence during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bruno Albuquerque and Alexandra Varadi

2022/043: Fix vs. Float: Evaluating the Transition to a Sustainable Equilibrium in Bolivia

Andres Gonzalez, Etibar Jafarov, Diego Rodriguez Guzman and Chris Walker

2022/042: Are Low-Skill Women Being Left Behind? Labor Market Evidence from the UK

Era Dabla-Norris, Carlo Pizzinelli and Jay Rappaport

2022/041: Watch What They Do, Not What They Say: Estimating Regulatory Costs from Revealed Preferences

Adrien Alvero, Sakai Ando and Kairong Xiao

2022/040: The Effect of Tariffs in Global Value Chains

Johannes Eugster, Florence Jaumotte, Margaux MacDonald and Roberto Piazza

2022/039: Sub-Saharan Africa: Building Resilience to Climate-Related Disasters

Eric M. Pondi Endengle, Seung Mo Choi and Pritha Mitra

2022/038: Determinants and Effects of Countries’ External Capital Structure: A Firm-Level Analysis

Uros Herman and Tobias Krahnke

2022/037: Tackling Legal Impediments to Women’s Economic Empowerment

Katharine Christopherson Puh, Audrey Yiadom, Juliet Johnson, Francisca Fernando, Hanan Yazid and Clara Thiemann

2022/036: Trust What You Hear: Policy Communication, Expectations, and Fiscal Credibility

Nicolas End and Gee Hee Hong

2022/035: Emerging Markets: Prospects and Challenges

Tryggvi Gudmundsson, Vladimir Klyuev, Leandro Medina, Boaz Nandwa, Dmitry Plotnikov, Francisco Schiffrer and Di Yang

2022/034: Digitalization and Resilience: Firm-level Evidence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nordine Abidi, Mehdi El Herradi and Sahra Sakha

2022/033: Preferences for Reforms: Endowments vs. Beliefs

Romain Duval, Yi Ji, Chris Papageorgiou, Ippei Shibata and Antonio Spilimbergo

2022/032: China's Declining Business Dynamism

Diego Cerdeiro and Cian Ruane

2022/031: Supply Bottlenecks: Where, Why, How Much, and What Next?

Oya Celasun, Niels-Jakob Hansen, Aiko Mineshima, Mariano Spector and Jing Zhou

2022/030: Secular Drivers of the Natural Rate of Interest in the United States: A Quantitative Evaluation

Josef Platzer and Marcel Peruffo

2022/029: 2020 Global Stocktaking of National Accounts Statistics: Availability for Policy and Surveillance

Anthony Silungwe, Andrew Baer and Vanda Guerreiro

2022/028: Dollar Invoicing, Global Value Chains, and the Business Cycle Dynamics of International Trade

David Cook and Nikhil Patel

2022/027: Falling Use of Cash and Demand for Retail Central Bank Digital Currency

Tanai Khiaonarong and David Humphrey

2022/026: Gendered Taxes: The Interaction of Tax Policy with Gender Equality

Maria Coelho, Aieshwarya Davis, Alexander Klemm and Carolina Osorio-Buitron

2022/025: Loss-of-Learning and the Post-Covid Recovery in Low-Income Countries

Edward Buffie, Christopher Adam, Luis-Felipe Zanna and Kangni Kpodar

2022/024: Exchange Rate Elasticities of International Tourism and the Role of Dominant Currency Pricing

Ding Ding and Yannick Timmer

2022/023: Impact of COVID-19 on Attitudes to Climate Change and Support for Climate Policies

Adil Mohommad and Evgenia Pugacheva

2022/022: Monetary Policy Frameworks: An Index and New Evidence

Filiz Unsal, Chris Papageorgiou and Hendre Garbers

2022/021: Usability of Bank Capital Buffers: The Role of Market Expectations

José Abad and Antonio Garcia Pascual

2022/020: Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries

Dora Benedek, Juan Carlos Benitez and Charles Vellutini

2022/019: E-commerce During Covid: Stylized Facts from 47 Economies

Alberto Cavallo, Prachi Mishra and Antonio Spilimbergo

2022/018: Inequality in the Spanish Labor Market During the COVID-19 Crisis

Ana Lariau and Lucy Qian Liu

2022/017: Revisiting the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Through an Industry-Level Differential Approach

Sangyup Choi, Tim Willems and Seung Yong Yoo

2022/016: Sovereign Debt Sustainability and Central Bank Credibility

Tim Willems and Jeromin Zettelmeyer

2022/015: A Medium-Scale DSGE Model for the Integrated Policy Framework

Tobias Adrian, Vitor Gaspar and Francis Vitek

2022/014: Applying the Central Clearing Mandate: Different Options for Different Markets

John Kiff, Alessandro Gullo, Cory Hillier and Panagiotis Papapanagiotou

2022/013: Greece's Investment Gap

Shiqing Hua, Marina Mendes Tavares and Xin Xu

2022/012: Economic Activity, Fiscal Space and Types of COVID-19 Containment Measures

Amr Hosny and Kevin Pallara

2022/011: Fiscal Rules and Fiscal Councils: Recent Trends and Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hamid Davoodi, Paul Elger, Alexandra Fotiou, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Xuehui Han, Andresa Lagerborg, Waikei Lam and Paulo Medas

2022/010: The 'Fiscal Presource Curse': Giant Discoveries and Debt Sustainability

Matteo Ruzzante and Nelson Sobrinho

2022/009: Structural Breaks in Carbon Emissions: A Machine Learning Analysis

Jiaxiong Yao and Yunhui Zhao

2022/008: Tax Policy for Inclusive Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean

Santiago Acosta Ormaechea, Samuel Pienknagura and Carlo Pizzinelli

2022/007: Distribution Costs

Cian Ruane and Alessandra Peter

2022/006: Cars in Europe: Supply Chains and Spillovers during COVID-19 Times

Vizhdan Boranova, Raju Huidrom, Ezgi Ozturk, Ara Stepanyan, Petia Topalova and Shihangyin (Frank) Zhang

2022/005: Has COVID-19 Induced Labor Market Mismatch? Evidence from the US and the UK

Carlo Pizzinelli and Ippei Shibata

2022/004: Winning the War? New Evidence on the Measurement and the Determinants of Poverty in the United States

Katharina Bergant, Anke Weber and Andrea Medici

2022/003: Preemptive Policies and Risk-Off Shocks in Emerging Markets

Mitali Das, Gita Gopinath and Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

2022/002: The Role for Deposit Insurance Funds in Dealing with Failing Banks in the European Union

Atilla Arda and Marc Dobler

2022/001: A Measurement of Aggregate Trade Restrictions and their Economic Effects

Julia Estefania-Flores, Davide Furceri, Swarnali Hannan, Jonathan Ostry and Andrew Rose

2021/296: Financial Regulation, Climate Change, and the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: A Survey of the Issues

Dimitri Demekas and Pierpaolo Grippa