IMF Working Papers

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1994/055: The Arab Maghreb Union

Mohamad Finaish and Eric Bell

1994/054: Inter-Enterprise Arrears in a Post-Command Economy: Thoughts From a Romanian Perspective

Daniel Daianu

1994/053: Supply Pressure and the Export-Import Performance in the Japan-U.S. Bilateral Trade

Yusuke Onitsuka

1994/052: Pensions, Price Shocks, and Macroeconomic Stability in Transition Economies: Illustrations From Belarus

Sergio Lugaresi, Ehtisham Ahmad, Jean-Luc Schneider and Alex Mourmouras

1994/051: Refinance Instruments: Lessons From their Use in Some Industrialized Countries

Bernard Laurens

1994/050: The Trade and Welfare Consequences of U.S. Export-Enhancing Tax Provisions

Stephen Tokarick and Donald Rousslang

1994/049: Credibility of Policies Versus Credibility of Policymakers

Paul Masson and Allan Drazen

1994/048: Operational Issues Related to the Functioning of Interbank Foreign Exchange Markets in Selected African Countries

Yin-Fun Lum and Calvin McDonald

1994/047: Credit Markets with Differences in Abilities: Education, Distribution, and Growth

Jose De Gregorio and Se-Jik Kim

1994/046: Searching for the Virtues of the European Model

Gilles Saint-Paul

1994/045: Trade Reforms of Uncertain Duration and Real Uncertainty: A First Approximation

Guillermo Calvo and Enrique Mendoza

1994/044: Information Externalities Affecting the Dynamic Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of China

Sayuri Shirai and Dongpei Huang

1994/043: Interenterprise Arrears in Post-Communist Economies

Jacek Rostowski

1994/042: A Formal Model of Optimum Currency Areas

Tamim Bayoumi

1994/041: The Internationalization of Yen and Key Currency Questions

Toru Iwami

1994/040: A Framework for the Analysis of Pension and Unemployment Benefit Reform in Poland

W. Perraudin

1994/039: Financial Structure, Bank Lending Rates, and the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy

Angeliki Kourelis and Carlo Cottarelli

1994/038: Tax Policy Implications in Endogenous Growth Models

Bin Xu

1994/037: Improving the Management of a Central Bank: A Case Study

John Mendzela

1994/036: Economic Determinants of Fund Financial Arrangements

Julio Santaella and Malcolm Knight

1994/035: Drift in Producer Price Indexes for the Former Soviet Union (FSU) Countries

Kimberly Zieschang and François Lequiller

1994/034: Financial and Enterprise Restructuring in Emerging Market Economies

Steven Fries and Timothy Lane

1994/033: International Evidenceon Tradables and Nontradables Inflation

Holger Wolf, Alberto Giovannini and Jose De Gregorio

1994/032: Taxation of Petroleum Products: Theory and Empirical Evidence

Poonam Gupta and Walter Mahler

1994/031: The Use of Financial Spreads As Indicator Variables: Evidence for the U.K. and Germany

E Davis and S. Henry

1994/030: Labor Market Institutions and Flexibility in Italy: A Critical Evaluation and Some International Comparisons

Dimitri Demekas

1994/029: Competitiveness Indicators: A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment

Ian Marsh and Stephen Tokarick

1994/028: Changing Patterns in Public Expenditure Management: An Overview

A. Premchand

1994/027: Core Functional Requirements for Fiscal Management Systems

Ali Hashim and Bill Allan

1994/026: An Overview of the Japanese Distribution System: The Case of the Automobile Industry

Sayuri Shirai

1994/025: The "Hard" SDR: An Exploratory Analysis

Subhash Thakur

1994/024: Systemic Requirements for Monetary Stability in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

Jacek Rostowski

1994/023: Economics, Politics, and Ethics of Primary Commodity Development: How Can Poor Countries in Africa Benefit the Most?

Uma Lele, James Gockowski and Kofi Adu-Nyako

1994/022: Targeting the Real Exchange Rate: Theory and Evidence

Carlos Végh Gramont, Guillermo Calvo and Carmen Reinhart

1994/021: Exchange Market Pressures and Speculative Capital Flows in Selected European Countries

Ceyla Pazarbasioglu and Inci Ötker-Robe

1994/020: Realignment Expectations, Forward Rate Bias, and Sterilized Intervention in an Adjustable Peg Exchange Rate Model with Policy Optimization

Peter Isard

1994/019: Real Exchange Rates and the Prices of Nontradable Goods

S. Micossi and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti

1994/018: Witholding Taxes and the Cost of Public Debt

Harry Huizinga

1994/017: Robustness of Equilibrium Exchange Rate Calculations to Alternative Assumptions and Methodologies

Peter Clark, Steven Symansky, Tamim Bayoumi and Mark Taylor

1994/016: Geography, Trade Patterns, and Economic Policy

Carlos Asilis and Luis Rivera-Batiz

1994/015: Endogenous Time Preference and Endogenous Growth

Howell Zee

1994/014: Working Paper Summaries (WP/93/55 - WP/93/95)

International Monetary Fund

1994/013: The Payments Systems Reforms and Monetary Policy in Emerging Market Economies in Central and Eastern Europe

International Monetary Fund

1994/012: Real Estate Price Inflation, Monetary Policy, and Expectations in the United States and Japan

Hossein Samiei and Garry Schinasi

1994/011: Monetary Policy in Unified Currency Areas: The Cases of the Cama and Ecca During 1976-90

Jean-Claude Nascimento

1994/010: Shortages Under Free Prices: The Case of Ukraine in 1992

Timothy Lane, Rolando Ossowski and Alexander Sundakov

1994/009: The Macroeconomic Determinants of Commodity Prices

Eduardo Borensztein and Carmen Reinhart

1994/008: Export Instability and the External Balance in Developing Countries

Atish Ghosh and Jonathan Ostry

1994/007: Commodity Prices: Cyclical Weakness or Secular Decline?

Peter Wickham and Carmen Reinhart

1994/006: Measuring the Transition: A User's Viewon National Accounts in Russia

Vincent Koen

1994/005: Comparative Advantage, Exchange Rates, and G-7 Sectoral Trade Balances

Stephen Golub

1994/004: The U.S. Public Debt: Implications for Growth

Carlos Asilis

1994/003: Money Demand, Bank Credit, and Economic Performance in Former Socialist Economies

Manmohan Kumar and Guillermo Calvo

1994/002: Long Memory Processes and Chronic Inflation: Detecting Homogeneous Components in a Linear Rational Expectation Model

Fabio Scacciavillani

1994/001: ERM Money Supplies and the Transition to EMU

Paul Masson, Marcel Cassard and Timothy Lane

1993/095: The Integration of World Capital Markets

Morris Goldstein and Michael Mussa

1993/094: Endogeneity in Structural Unemployment Equations: The Case of Canada

International Monetary Fund

1993/093: U.S. Health Care Reform

Ellen Nedde

1993/092: Recent U.S. Investment Incentives

Christopher Towe

1993/091: Labor Market Aspects of Industrial Restructuring in Canada

Eswar Prasad

1993/090: On Credible Disinflation

Jorge Roldos

1993/089: Price Controls and Electoral Cycles

Carlos Asilis and Pierre-Richard Agénor

1993/088: Financial Liberalization and the Information Content of Money in Indonesia, Korea, and the Philippines

A. Javier Hamann

1993/087: Monetary Instruments and their Use During the Transition From a Centrally Planned to a Market Economy

Paul Hilbers

1993/086: The Impact of Worldwide Military Spending Cutson Developing Countries

Steven Symansky, Tamim Bayoumi and Daniel Hewitt

1993/085: Japanese Banks and the Asset Price "Bubble"

Steven Fries

1993/084: International RandD Spillovers

Elhanan Helpman and David Coe

1993/083: Expected Devaluation and Economic Fundamentals

Alun Thomas

1993/082: Devaluation and Competitiveness in a Small Open Economy: Ireland 1987-1993

Leonardo Bartolini

1993/081: Supply-Side Economics in an Integrated World Economy

Linda Tesa and Enrique Mendoza

1993/080: Government Finance in a Model of Currency Substitution

Lihong Liu and Anne Sibert

1993/079: Efficiency Wages and Labor Mobility in an Open Economy

Julio Santaella and Pierre-Richard Agénor

1993/078: A Framework for Assessing Fiscal Sustainability and External Viability, with An Application to India

Karen Parker and Steffen Kastner

1993/077: Asset Price Inflation in the 1980's: A Flow of Funds Perspective

Garry Schinasi, Steven Weisbrod and Monica Hargraves

1993/076: Testing the Credibility of Belgium's Exchange Rate Policy

Ioannis Halikias

1993/075: The Role of Financial Institutions in the Transition to a Market Economy

Michael Spencer and H. Blommestein

1993/074: The Russian Federation in Transition: External Developments

Benedicte Christensen

1993/073: An Extended Scenario and Adjustment Model for Developing Countries

Hossein Samiei, Manmohan Kumar and Sheila Bassett

1993/072: Credit Markets and Stagnation in an Endogenous Growth Model

Jose De Gregorio

1993/071: Economic Trends in Africa: The Economic Performance of Sub-Saharan African Countries

Pierre Dhonte, Jean Clément, Mbuyamu Matungulu and Dawn Rehm

1993/070: Is the Parallel Market Premium a Reliable Indicator of Real Exchange Rate Misalignment in Developing Countries

Jonathan Ostry and Peter Montiel

1993/069: Presumptive Taxation: Revenue and Automatic Stabilizer Aspects

S. Erbas

1993/068: Alternative Exchange Rate Strategies and Fiscal Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Stefania Bazzoni and Karim Nashashibi

1993/067: The Stabilizing Effect of the ERMon Exchange Rates and Interest Rates: An Empirical Investigation

Michael Artis and Mark Taylor

1993/066: Structural Adjustment, Economic Performance, and Aid Dependency in Tanzania

Isha Agrawal, Zafar Ahmed, Michael Mered and Roger Nord

1993/065: Technical Assistanceon Tax Policy: A Review

International Monetary Fund

1993/064: The Use of Foreign Exchange Swaps by Central Banks: A Survey

Catharina Hooyman

1993/063: Working Paper Summaries (WP/93/1 - WP/93/54)

International Monetary Fund

1993/062: Saving, Investment, and the Regional Current Account: An Analysis of Canadian, British, and German Regions

Alun Thomas

1993/061: Enterprise Arrears in Russia: Causes and Policy Options

David Bigman and Sérgio Leite

1993/060: Collection Lags and the Optimal Inflation Tax: A Reconsideration

José Tijerina and Alex Mourmouras

1993/059: Openness, Human Development, and Fiscal Policies: Effectson Economic Growth and Speed of Adjustment

Delano Villanueva

1993/058: The Fiscal Abuse of Central Banks

Maxwell Fry

1993/057: Political Feasibility and Investment in Economic Transformations

Peter Isard and Joshua Aizenman

1993/056: Sovereign Debt: A Survey of Some Theoretical and Policy Issues

Vivek Arora

1993/055: The Economic Reform Process in Russia

John Odling-Smee and Henri Lorie

1993/054: Lessons in Fiscal Consolidation for the Successor States of the Soviet Union

George Kopits

1993/053: An Analytical Framework of Environmental Issues

Jonathan Levin

1993/052: Revisiting Japan's External Adjustment Since 1985

Guy Meredith

1993/051: Public and Private Investment and the Convergence of Per Capita Incomes in Developing Countries

Mohsin Khan and Manmohan Kumar