IMF Working Papers

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1994/101: Sequencing of Financial Sector Reforms: A Review

Vicente Galbis

1994/100: Tuition Subsidies in a Model of Economic Growth

Philip Gerson

1994/099: Corruption, Governmental Activities, and Markets

Vito Tanzi

1994/098: Effects of Macroeconomic Stabilityon Growth, Savings, and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Empirical Investigation

Dhaneshwar Ghura, E. Ucer, Martin Mühleisen, Michael Hadjimichael and Roger Nord

1994/097: The Canadian Labor Market: Developments, Prospects, and Policy

Eswar Prasad

1994/096: Adopting Currency Convertibility: Experiences and Monetary Policy Considerations for Advanced Developing Countries

Peter Quirk

1994/095: How Does Industrialization Affect the Structure of International Trade? the Japanese Experience in the Pacific Basin, 1975-85

Sayuri Shirai

1994/094: Cointegration of International Stock Market Indices

Ray Chou, Victor Ng and Lynn Pi

1994/093: Linkages in Price Level and Inflation Rate Between Cfa Franc Zone Countries and France

Diep Nuven

1994/092: Government Spending, Taxes, and Economic Growth

Paul Cashin

1994/091: Are Prices Countercyclical? Evidence From the G-7

Eswar Prasad and Bankim Chadha

1994/090: Long-Run Determinants of the Real Exchange Rate: A Stock-Flow Perspective

Hamid Faruqee

1994/089: Aging Population and Canadian Public Pension Plans

Tamim Bayoumi

1994/088: External Shocks, the Real Exchange Rate, and Tax Policy

Stephen Tokarick

1994/087: Working Paper Summaries (WP/94/1 - WP/94/76)

International Monetary Fund

1994/086: On Corruption and Capital Accumulation

V. Juan-Ramon and Carlos Asilis

1994/085: The Political Economy of Budget Deficits

Alberto Alesina and Roberto Perotti

1994/084: Supply-Side Effects of Disinflation Programs

Jorge Roldos

1994/083: The Low-Skill, Bad-Job Trap

Alun Thomas

1994/082: Restraining Yourself: Fiscal Rules and Stabilization

Barry Eichengreen and Tamim Bayoumi

1994/081: Capital Account Convertibility: A New Model for Developing Countries

Peter Quirk

1994/080: Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment in East European Industry

Eduardo Borensztein and Jonathan Ostry

1994/079: Information Asymmetries in Developing Country Financing

George Anayiotos

1994/078: The Impact of Controlson Capital Movementson the Private Capital Accounts of Countries' Balance of Payments: Empirical Estimates and Policy Implications

R. Johnston and Chris Ryan

1994/077: Taxation and Endogenous Growth in Open Economies

Nouriel Roubini and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti

1994/076: The Main Determinants of Inflation in Nigeria

Gary Moser

1994/075: The Behavior of Real Interest Rates in Exchange-Rate Based Stabilization Programs

Pierre-Richard Agénor

1994/074: Fiscal Federalism in Europe: Is it a Necessary Precondition for a Successful European Economic and Monetary Integration?

Norbert Berthold

1994/073: The Changing Mix of Disequilibria During Transition: A Romanian Background

Daniel Daianu

1994/072: Determining the Value of a Financial Unit of Account Basedon Composite Currencies: The Case of the Private Ecu

D. Folkerts-Landau and Peter Garber

1994/071: The Path of Output From Plan to Market

Thorvaldur Gylfason

1994/070: How Does Learning Affect Inflation After a Shift in the Exchange Rate Regime?

Laura Papi

1994/069: Military Expenditure and Arms Trade: Alternative Data Sources

John Wakeman-Linn and Nancy Happe

1994/068: Output Decline and Government Expenditures in European Transition Economies

Gerd Schwartz and Ke-young Chu

1994/067: Cash Shortage in the Former Soviet Union

International Monetary Fund

1994/066: Exchange Rate Determinants in Russia: 1992-1993

Vincent Koen and Eric Meyermans

1994/065: Relative Prices and Economic Adjustment in the U.S. and the EU: A Real Story About European Monetary Union

Alun Thomas and Tamim Bayoumi

1994/064: Are the Unemployed Unemployable?

Gilles Saint-Paul

1994/063: Financial Markets and Inflation Under Imperfect Information

Jose De Gregorio and Federico Sturzenegger

1994/062: Government Securities Versus Central Bank Securities in Developing Open Market Operations: Evaluation and Need for Coordinating Arrangements

Marc Quintyn

1994/061: Issues Concerning Nominal Anchors for Monetary Policy

Michael Mussa and Robert Flood

1994/060: Do Long-Run Productivity Differentials Explain Long-Run Real Exchange Rates?

Patrick Asea and Enrique Mendoza

1994/059: Nigeria's Non-Oil Exports: Determinants of Supply and Demand, 1970-1990

Inutu Lukonga

1994/058: Why is Unemployment in France so High?

Reza Moghadam

1994/057: Varieties of Monetary Reforms

Pierre Siklos

1994/056: Macroeconomic Adjustment with Segmented Labor Markets

Joshua Aizenman and Pierre-Richard Agénor

1994/055: The Arab Maghreb Union

Mohamad Finaish and Eric Bell

1994/054: Inter-Enterprise Arrears in a Post-Command Economy: Thoughts From a Romanian Perspective

Daniel Daianu

1994/053: Supply Pressure and the Export-Import Performance in the Japan-U.S. Bilateral Trade

Yusuke Onitsuka

1994/052: Pensions, Price Shocks, and Macroeconomic Stability in Transition Economies: Illustrations From Belarus

Sergio Lugaresi, Ehtisham Ahmad, Jean-Luc Schneider and Alex Mourmouras

1994/051: Refinance Instruments: Lessons From their Use in Some Industrialized Countries

Bernard Laurens

1994/050: The Trade and Welfare Consequences of U.S. Export-Enhancing Tax Provisions

Stephen Tokarick and Donald Rousslang

1994/049: Credibility of Policies Versus Credibility of Policymakers

Paul Masson and Allan Drazen

1994/048: Operational Issues Related to the Functioning of Interbank Foreign Exchange Markets in Selected African Countries

Yin-Fun Lum and Calvin McDonald

1994/047: Credit Markets with Differences in Abilities: Education, Distribution, and Growth

Jose De Gregorio and Se-Jik Kim

1994/046: Searching for the Virtues of the European Model

Gilles Saint-Paul

1994/045: Trade Reforms of Uncertain Duration and Real Uncertainty: A First Approximation

Guillermo Calvo and Enrique Mendoza

1994/044: Information Externalities Affecting the Dynamic Pattern of Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of China

Sayuri Shirai and Dongpei Huang

1994/043: Interenterprise Arrears in Post-Communist Economies

Jacek Rostowski

1994/042: A Formal Model of Optimum Currency Areas

Tamim Bayoumi

1994/041: The Internationalization of Yen and Key Currency Questions

Toru Iwami

1994/040: A Framework for the Analysis of Pension and Unemployment Benefit Reform in Poland

W. Perraudin

1994/039: Financial Structure, Bank Lending Rates, and the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy

Angeliki Kourelis and Carlo Cottarelli

1994/038: Tax Policy Implications in Endogenous Growth Models

Bin Xu

1994/037: Improving the Management of a Central Bank: A Case Study

John Mendzela

1994/036: Economic Determinants of Fund Financial Arrangements

Julio Santaella and Malcolm Knight

1994/035: Drift in Producer Price Indexes for the Former Soviet Union (FSU) Countries

Kimberly Zieschang and François Lequiller

1994/034: Financial and Enterprise Restructuring in Emerging Market Economies

Steven Fries and Timothy Lane

1994/033: International Evidenceon Tradables and Nontradables Inflation

Holger Wolf, Alberto Giovannini and Jose De Gregorio

1994/032: Taxation of Petroleum Products: Theory and Empirical Evidence

Poonam Gupta and Walter Mahler

1994/031: The Use of Financial Spreads As Indicator Variables: Evidence for the U.K. and Germany

E Davis and S. Henry

1994/030: Labor Market Institutions and Flexibility in Italy: A Critical Evaluation and Some International Comparisons

Dimitri Demekas

1994/029: Competitiveness Indicators: A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment

Ian Marsh and Stephen Tokarick

1994/028: Changing Patterns in Public Expenditure Management: An Overview

A. Premchand

1994/027: Core Functional Requirements for Fiscal Management Systems

Ali Hashim and Bill Allan

1994/026: An Overview of the Japanese Distribution System: The Case of the Automobile Industry

Sayuri Shirai

1994/025: The "Hard" SDR: An Exploratory Analysis

Subhash Thakur

1994/024: Systemic Requirements for Monetary Stability in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

Jacek Rostowski

1994/023: Economics, Politics, and Ethics of Primary Commodity Development: How Can Poor Countries in Africa Benefit the Most?

Uma Lele, James Gockowski and Kofi Adu-Nyako

1994/022: Targeting the Real Exchange Rate: Theory and Evidence

Carlos Végh Gramont, Guillermo Calvo and Carmen Reinhart

1994/021: Exchange Market Pressures and Speculative Capital Flows in Selected European Countries

Ceyla Pazarbasioglu and Inci Ötker-Robe

1994/020: Realignment Expectations, Forward Rate Bias, and Sterilized Intervention in an Adjustable Peg Exchange Rate Model with Policy Optimization

Peter Isard

1994/019: Real Exchange Rates and the Prices of Nontradable Goods

S. Micossi and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti

1994/018: Witholding Taxes and the Cost of Public Debt

Harry Huizinga

1994/017: Robustness of Equilibrium Exchange Rate Calculations to Alternative Assumptions and Methodologies

Peter Clark, Steven Symansky, Tamim Bayoumi and Mark Taylor

1994/016: Geography, Trade Patterns, and Economic Policy

Carlos Asilis and Luis Rivera-Batiz

1994/015: Endogenous Time Preference and Endogenous Growth

Howell Zee

1994/014: Working Paper Summaries (WP/93/55 - WP/93/95)

International Monetary Fund

1994/013: The Payments Systems Reforms and Monetary Policy in Emerging Market Economies in Central and Eastern Europe

International Monetary Fund

1994/012: Real Estate Price Inflation, Monetary Policy, and Expectations in the United States and Japan

Hossein Samiei and Garry Schinasi

1994/011: Monetary Policy in Unified Currency Areas: The Cases of the Cama and Ecca During 1976-90

Jean-Claude Nascimento

1994/010: Shortages Under Free Prices: The Case of Ukraine in 1992

Timothy Lane, Rolando Ossowski and Alexander Sundakov

1994/009: The Macroeconomic Determinants of Commodity Prices

Eduardo Borensztein and Carmen Reinhart

1994/008: Export Instability and the External Balance in Developing Countries

Atish Ghosh and Jonathan Ostry

1994/007: Commodity Prices: Cyclical Weakness or Secular Decline?

Peter Wickham and Carmen Reinhart

1994/006: Measuring the Transition: A User's Viewon National Accounts in Russia

Vincent Koen

1994/005: Comparative Advantage, Exchange Rates, and G-7 Sectoral Trade Balances

Stephen Golub

1994/004: The U.S. Public Debt: Implications for Growth

Carlos Asilis

1994/003: Money Demand, Bank Credit, and Economic Performance in Former Socialist Economies

Manmohan Kumar and Guillermo Calvo

1994/002: Long Memory Processes and Chronic Inflation: Detecting Homogeneous Components in a Linear Rational Expectation Model

Fabio Scacciavillani