IMF Working Papers

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1991/096: Assessing Target Zone Credibility: Mean Reversion and Devaluation Expectations in the EMS

Lars Svensson

1991/095: The Effects of Inflationon Economic Growth: Lessons From Latin America

Jose De Gregorio

1991/094: The Cost of Export Subsidies: Evidence From Costa Rica

Alexander Hoffmaister

1991/093: Forecasting Accuracy of Crude Oil Futures Prices

Manmohan Kumar

1991/092: Nominal Income Targeting: A Critical Evaluation

Victor Argy

1991/091: Fiscal Impulse

Garry Schinasi and Mark Lutz

1991/090: Exchange Rate Regime Choice

Nancy Marion and Robert Flood

1991/089: Market-Based Fiscal Discipline in Monetary Unions: Evidence From the U.S. Municipal Bond Market

Morris Goldstein and Geoffrey Woglom

1991/088: Islamic Banking

Abbas Mirakhor and Mohsin Khan

1991/087: Credibility and Exchange Rate Management in Developing Countries

Pierre-Richard Agénor

1991/086: The Effect of the ERMon Participating Economies

Tamim Bayoumi

1991/085: China: Macroeconomic Cycles in the 1980's

Hoe Ee Khor

1991/084: Testing a Disequilibrium Model of Lending Rate Determination: The Case of Malaysia

Barry Scholnick

1991/083: Mexico's External Debt and the Return to Voluntary Capital Market Financing

Mohamed El-Erian

1991/082: Jordan: Restructuring Public Expenditures and Protecting the Poor

Ehtisham Ahmad

1991/081: Colombia: Economic Adjustment and the Poor

Claire Liuksila

1991/080: The Romanian Economic Reform Program

Dimitri Demekas and Mohsin Khan

1991/079: Testing the Credibility of the Belgian Hard Currency Policy

Vincent Koen

1991/078: Growth, Distribution and Politics

Guido Tabellini and Torsten Persson

1991/077: Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilization under Imperfect Credibility

Guillermo Calvo and Carlos Végh Gramont

1991/076: Index Number Biases During Price Liberalization

Kent Osband

1991/075: Fiscal Constraintson Market-Oriented Reform in a Socialist Economy

Elias Dinopoulos and Timothy Lane

1991/074: The Restoration of Latin America's Access to Voluntary Capital Market Financing: Developments and Prospects

Mohamed El-Erian

1991/073: Valuation and Treatment of Depletable Resources in the National Accounts

Jonathan Levin

1991/072: The Growth of Indian Public Debt: Dimensions of the Problem and Corrective Measures

Raja Chelliah

1991/071: Economic Growth in Latin America

Jose De Gregorio

1991/070: Inflation Stabilization and Economic Transformation in Poland: The First Year

Timothy Lane

1991/069: Key Questions in Considering a Value-Added Tax for Central and Eastern European Countries

Sijbren Cnossen

1991/068: Real Exchange Rate Targeting Under Capital Controls: Can Money Provide a Nominal Anchor?

Peter Montiel and Jonathan Ostry

1991/067: Monetary Growth and Exchange Rate Depreciation As Causes of Inflation in African Countries: An Empirical Analysis

Elie Canetti and Joshua Greene

1991/066: Obstacles to Transforming Centrally-Planned Economies: The Role of Capital Markets

Guillermo Calvo and Jacob Frenkel

1991/065: Structural Funds and the 1992 Program in the European Community

James Gordon

1991/064: Portfolio Preference Uncertainty and Gains From Policy Coordination

Paul Masson

1991/063: Real and Nominal Exchange Rates in the Long Run

Charles Adams and Bankim Chadha

1991/062: Exchange Rate Economics: A Survey

Mark Taylor and Ronald MacDonald

1991/061: Savings, Investment, and Growth in Eastern Europe

Peter Montiel and Eduardo Borensztein

1991/060: Oil, National Wealth, and Current and Future Consumption Possibilities

Gunnar Tersman

1991/059: General Equilibrium Under Shortage: A Generalized Barro-Grossman Model

Kent Osband

1991/058: Central Bank Independence: Issues and Experience

International Monetary Fund

1991/057: Money Demand in the Netherlands

Bob Traa

1991/056: Input Shortages in Mixed Economies: An Application to Indian Manufacturing Industries

Ratna Sahay

1991/055: Forced Savings and Repressed Inflation in the Soviet Union: Some Empirical Results

Mario Bléjer and Carlo Cottarelli

1991/054: Military Expenditure: International Comparison of Trends

Daniel Hewitt

1991/053: Military Expenditure: Econometric Testing of Economic and Political Influences

Daniel Hewitt

1991/052: Protection and the Own-Funds Window in Tanzania: An Analytical Framework and Estimates of the Effects of Trade Liberalization

Dean DeRosa

1991/051: Uncovered Interest Parity

Peter Isard

1991/050: Yugoslav Inflation and Money

Ashok Lahiri

1991/049: Efficient Arbitrage Under Financial Indexation: The Case of Chile

Enrique Mendoza

1991/048: The Demand for Money During High Inflation Episodes: Some Latin American Evidenceon the Cagan Model

Mark Taylor and Kate Phylaktis

1991/047: Commodity and Manufactures Prices in the Long Run

James Boughton

1991/046: Sri Lanka: Price Changes and the Poor

Anne Gulde

1991/045: The Demand for Money in Developing Countries: Assessing the Role of Financial innovation

Jose De Gregorio, Peter Wickham, Patricio Arrau and Carmen Reinhart

1991/044: Commodity Booms and Government Expenditure Responses

Sanjeev Gupta and Kenneth M. Miranda

1991/043: Fiscal Reform in European Economies in Transition

George Kopits

1991/042: Collapse of a Crawling Peg Regime in the Presence of a Government Budget Constraint

Miguel Savastano

1991/041: Collection Lags, Fiscal Revenue and Inflationary Financing: Empirical Evidence and Analysis

Nurun Choudhry

1991/040: Market-Based Systems of Monetary Control in Developing Countries: Operating Procedures and Related Issues

Chorng-Huey Wong

1991/039: Bangladesh: Economic Reform Measures and the Poor

Padma Gotur

1991/038: Economic Crisis in a Shortage Economy

Kent Osband

1991/037: Do Exchange Rates Work? Another View

Robert Mundell

1991/036: Proposals for Privatization in Eastern Europe

Eduardo Borensztein

1991/035: Output Fluctuations and Monetary Shocks: Evidence From Colombia

Vincent Reinhart and Carmen Reinhart

1991/034: Globalization of Financial Markets and Implications for Pacific Basin Developing Countries

David Goldsbrough and Ranjit Teja

1991/033: From Direct to Indirect Monetary Policy Instruments: The French Experience Reconsidered

Marc Quintyn

1991/032: Exchange Rate Appreciation As a Signal of a New Policy Stance

Georg Winckler

1991/031: A Noteon Dual Foreign Exchange Markets with official Rationing: Predetermined Versus Floating official Exchange Rate

José Saúl Lizondo

1991/030: Liberalization and Financial Crisis in Uruguay (1974-1987)

Alfredo Leone and Juan Pérez-Campanero

1991/029: Macroeconomic Implications of Real Exchange Rate Targeting in Developing Countries

Peter Montiel and Jonathan Ostry

1991/028: Macroeconomic Policies and Long-Term Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Review

Delano Villanueva and Mohsin Khan

1991/027: Monetary Policy and the Price Behavior in Emerging Stock Markets

Peter Cornelius

1991/026: Price Pressure Gaps: An Application of P* Using Korean Data

Richard Haas and Robert Corker

1991/025: Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness: A Clarification of Concepts, and Some Measurements for Europe

Leslie Lipschitz and Donogh McDonald

1991/024: Integration of Eastern Europe Into the World Trading System

Helen Junz

1991/023: Tax Reform in Economies in Transition: A Brief Introduction to the Main Issues

Vito Tanzi

1991/022: International Vat Harmonization: Economic Effects

Jacob Frenkel, Steven Symansky and Assaf Razin

1991/021: Estimating the Base of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) in Developing Countries: The Problem of Exemptions

George Mackenzie

1991/020: On the Information Content of Ldc Secondary Loan Market Prices

Mark Stone

1991/019: The Italian Lira in the Narrow Erm Band: The Challenge of Credibility

Lazaros Molho

1991/018: A General Equilibrium Model with Informal Financial Markets

International Monetary Fund

1991/017: From Centrally-Planned to Market Economies: The Road from CPE to PCPE

Jacob Frenkel and Guillermo Calvo

1991/016: What Have We Learned About Estimating the Demand for Money? a Multicountry Evaluation of Some New Approaches

George Tavlas and James Boughton

1991/015: An Empirical Exploration of Exchange Rate Target-Zones

Donald Mathieson, Robert Flood and Andrew Rose

1991/014: Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Net Schemes for Economies in Transition

Gillian Paull

1991/013: On the Sequencing of Reforms in Eastern Europe

Hans Genberg

1991/012: Interest Rates in Mexico: The Role of Exchange Rate Expectations and International Creditworthiness

Hoe Ee Khor and Liliana Rojas-Suarez

1991/011: Budgetary Subsidies in Centrally Planned Economies in Transition

Robert Holzmann

1991/010: Speculative Attacks

Pablo Guidotti and Guillermo Calvo

1991/009: The Determinants and Efficiency of Local Authority Spending in England

James Gordon and Tamim Bayoumi

1991/008: Measuring the Role of Subnational Governments

Jonathan Levin

1991/007: On Interpreting the Random Walk Behavior of Nominal and Real Exchange Rates

Charles Adams and Bankim Chadha

1991/006: Interest Rates and Government Debt: Are the Linkages Global Rather Than National?

Mark Lutz and Vito Tanzi

1991/005: Indicators of Fiscal Sustainability

Jocelyn Horne

1991/004: Mobilization of Savings in Eastern European Countries: The Role of the State

Vito Tanzi

1991/003: Response of the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate to Real Disturbances in Developing Countries

Mohsin Khan and Jonathan Ostry

1991/002: The Japanese Yen as an International Currency

George Tavlas and Yusuru Ozeki

1991/001: Welfare Costs of Inflation, Seigniorage, and Financial innovation

Jose De Gregorio

1990/123: Taxation and the Cost of Capital in Hungary and Poland: A Comparison with Selected European Countries

International Monetary Fund

1990/122: Export Processing Zone Groth and Development: Manturian Example

International Monetary Fund

1990/121: Financial Market Constraints and Private Investment in a Developing Country

Omotunde Johnson

1990/120: Financial Sector Reform and Central Banking in Centrally Planned Economies

International Monetary Fund