IMF Working Papers

From International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA.
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2021/200: What Can We Learn from Financial Stability Reports?: Fabio Comelli and Sumiko Ogawa
2021/199: No Easy Solution: A Smorgasbord of Factors Drive Remittance Costs: Tito Nícias da Silva Filho
2021/198: What Shapes Current Account Adjustment During Recessions?: Christina Kolerus
2021/197: Can Financial Soundness Indicators Help Predict Financial Sector Distress?: Marcin Pietrzak
2021/196: Numerical Fiscal Rules for Economic Unions: the Role of Sovereign Spreads: Juan Carlos Hatchondo, Leonardo Martinez and Francisco Roch
2021/195: Mitigating Climate Change: Growth-Friendly Policies to Achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2050: Florence Jaumotte, Weifeng Liu and Warwick McKibbin
2021/194: How Green are Green Debt Issuers?: Jochen M. Schmittmann and Han Teng Chua
2021/193: How do Climate Shocks Affect the Impact of FDI, ODA and Remittances on Economic Growth?: Alassane Drabo
2021/192: A Sentiment-Enhanced Corruption Perception Index: Yongquan Cao, Yingjie Fan, Sandile Hlatshwayo, Monica Petrescu and Zaijin Zhan
2021/191: Pooling Fiscal Risk in the ECCU: Quantifying Savings of a Regional Fund for Stabilization and Investment: Alejandro Guerson
2021/190: A Simple Macrofiscal Model for Policy Analysis: An Application to Morocco: Daniel Baksa, Ales Bulir and Roberto Cardarelli
2021/189: Health Care Reform in Greece: Progress and Reform Priorities: Niki Kalavrezou and Hui Jin
2021/188: Reforming the Greek Pension System: Alvar Kangur, Niki Kalavrezou and Daehaeng Kim
2021/187: For the Benefit of All: Fiscal Policies and Equity-Efficiency Trade-offs in the Age of Automation: Andrew Berg, Lahcen Bounader, Nikolay Gueorguiev, Hiroaki Miyamoto, Kenji Moriyama, Ryota Nakatani and Luis-Felipe Zanna
2021/186: Defying the Odds: Remittances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Kangni Kpodar, Montfort Mlachila, Saad Quayyum and Gammadigbe Vigninou
2021/185: U.S. Dollar Currency Premium in Corporate Bonds: John Caramichael, Gita Gopinath and Gordon Liao
2021/184: Market Power and Monetary Policy Transmission: Romain Duval, Davide Furceri, Raphael Lee and Marina Tavares
2021/183: Managing Fiscal Risks from National Airlines in Pacific Island Countries: Vybhavi Balasundharam, Leni Hunter, Iulai Lavea and Paul Seeds
2021/182: Addressing Spillovers from Prolonged U.S. Monetary Policy Easing: Stephen Cecchetti, Machiko Narita, Umang Rawat and Ratna Sahay
2021/181: Recoveries After Pandemics: The Role of Policies and Structural Features: Juan Pablo Cuesta Aguirre and Swarnali Hannan
2021/180: U.S. Healthcare: A Story of Rising Market Power, Barriers to Entry, and Supply Constraints: Li Lin, Mico Mrkaic and Anke Weber
2021/179: Guaranteed Minimum Income Schemes in Europe: Landscape and Design: David Coady, Samir Jahan, Baoping Shang and Riki Matsumoto
2021/178: Trade, Jobs, and Inequality: Kimberly Beaton, Valerie Cerra and Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov
2021/177: Is Mobile Money Part of Money? Understanding the Trends and Measurement: Kazuko Shirono, Esha Chhabra, Bidisha Das, Yingjie Fan and Hector Carcel
2021/176: The Sectoral Trade Losses from Financial Crises: Jean-Marc Atsebi, Jean-Louis Combes and Alexandru Minea
2021/175: Fintech Potential for Remittance Transfers: A Central America Perspective: Julia Bersch, Jean François Clevy, Naseem Muhammad, Esther Perez Ruiz and Yorbol Yakhshilikov
2021/174: Understanding Chile’s Social Unrest in an International Perspective: Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov and Luca Ricci
2021/173: Can International Technological Diffusion Substitute for Coordinated Global Policies to Mitigate Climate Change?: Philip Barrett
2021/172: The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications: Baoping Shang
2021/171: Fiscal Policies for Achieving Finland’s Emission Neutrality Target: Ian Parry and Philippe Wingender
2021/170: Financial Crises, Investment Slumps, and Slow Recoveries: Valerie Cerra, Mai Hakamada and Ruy Lama
2021/169: Effects of COVID-19 on Regional and Gender Equality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Nigeria and Ethiopia: Chie Aoyagi
2021/168: COVID-19 in Latin America: A High Toll on Lives and Livelihoods: Bas Bakker and Carlos Goncalves
2021/167: Is Digital Financial Inclusion Unlocking Growth?: Purva Khera, Stephanie Ng, Sumiko Ogawa and Ratna Sahay
2021/166: Technological Progress, Artificial Intelligence, and Inclusive Growth: Anton Korinek, Martin Schindler and Joseph Stiglitz
2021/165: Labor Market Reform Options to Boost Employment in South Africa: Romain Duval, Yi Ji and Ippei Shibata
2021/164: Finance, Growth, and Inequality: Ross Levine
2021/163: Asymmetric Non-Commodity Output Responses to Commodity Price Shocks: Amine Mati, Monique Newiak and James Wilson
2021/162: Electric Vehicles, Tax incentives and Emissions: Evidence from Norway: Youssouf Camara, Bjart Holtsmark and Florian Misch
2021/161: A Firm Lower Bound: Characteristics and Impact of Corporate Minimum Taxation: Aqib Aslam and Maria Coelho
2021/160: Chinese Investment in Latin America: Sectoral Complementarity and the Impact of China’s Rebalancing: Ding Ding, Fabio Di Vittorio, Ana Lariau and Yue Zhou
2021/159: How Have IMF Priorities Evolved? A Text Mining Approach: Gareth Anderson, Paolo Galang, Andrea Gamba, Leandro Medina and Tianxiao Zheng
2021/158: Are Passive Institutional Investors Engaged Monitors or Risk-Averse Owners? Both!: Yuanchen Yang
2021/157: COVID-19 Containment Measures and Expected Stock Volatility: High-Frequency Evidence from Selected Advanced Economies: Viral Acharya, Yang Liu and Yunhui Zhao
2021/156: Are Climate Change Policies Politically Costly?: Davide Furceri, Michael Ganslmeier and Jonathan Ostry
2021/155: The Long-Run Impact of Sovereign Yields on Corporate Yields in Emerging Markets: Delong Li, Nicolas Magud, Alejandro Werner and Samantha Witte
2021/154: Authorities’ Fiscal Forecasts in Latin America: Are They Optimistic?: Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Luca Ricci, Alejandro Werner and Nayib Zamarripa
2021/153: The Impact of Gray-Listing on Capital Flows: An Analysis Using Machine Learning: Mizuho Kida and Simon Paetzold
2021/152: Restructuring and Insolvency in Europe: Policy Options in the Implementation of the EU Directive: Jose Garrido, Chanda DeLong, Amira Rasekh and Anjum Rosha
2021/151: Do Lenders Make Less-Informed Investments in High-Growth Housing Markets?: Sophia Chen, Lev Ratnovski and Yangfan Sun
2021/150: Predicting Fiscal Crises: A Machine Learning Approach: Klaus-Peter Hellwig
2021/149: When They Go Low, We Go High? Measuring Bank Market Power in a Low-for-Long Environment: Deniz Igan, Nicola Pierri and Andrea Presbitero
2021/148: Chile: A Role Model of Export Diversification Policies?: Gonzalo Salinas
2021/147: Climate Action to Unlock the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Amar Bhattacharya, Maksym Ivanyna, William Oman and Nicholas Stern
2021/146: IMF Programs and Financial Flows to Offshore Centers: Shekhar Aiyar and Manasa Patnam
2021/145: Capital Income Taxation in the Netherlands: Alexander Klemm, Shafik Hebous and Christophe Waerzeggers
2021/144: Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia: Oksana Dynnikova, Annette Kyobe and Slavi Slavov
2021/143: Scenario Analysis with the DD-PD Mapping Approach: Stock Market Shocks and U.S. Corporate Default Risk: Jorge Chan-Lau
2021/142: Labor Market Reforms and Earnings Dynamics: the Italian Case: Davide Malacrino and Luigi Pistaferri
2021/141: Inclusivity in the Labor Market: Asmaa ElGanainy, Ekkehard Ernst, Rossana Merola, Richard Rogerson and Martin Schindler
2021/140: Employment Effects of Environmental Policies – Evidence From Firm-Level Data: Adil Mohommad
2021/139: How to Gain the Most from Structural Conditionality of IMF-Supported Programs: Jochen Andritzky, Zsuzsa Munkacsi and Ke Wang
2021/138: China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality: Mariya Brussevich and Era Dabla-Norris
2021/137: Determinants of and Prospects for Market Access in Frontier Economies: Luiza Antoun de Almeida and Diva Singh
2021/136: Patterns in IMF Growth Forecast Revisions: A Panel Study at Multiple Horizons: Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Luca Ricci, Alejandro Mariano Werner and Nayib Zamarripa
2021/135: The Macroeconomic Impact of Social Unrest: Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Samuel Pienknagura and Luca Ricci
2021/134: License to Spill: How Do We Discuss Spillovers in Article IV Staff Reports: Jelle Barkema, Borislava Mircheva, Mico Mrkaic and Yuanchen Yang
2021/133: Avoid a Fall or Fly Again: Turning Points of State Fragility: Olusegun Ayodele Akanbi, Nikolay Gueorguiev, Jiro Honda, Paulomi Mehta, Kenji Moriyama, Keyra Primus and Mouhamadou Sy
2021/132: An Empirical Assessment of the Exchange Rate Pass-through in Mozambique: Edson Manguinhane and Felix Simione
2021/131: The Direct Employment Impact of Public Investment: Marian Moszoro
2021/130: Who Doesn’t Want to be Vaccinated? Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy During COVID-19: Hibah Khan, Era Dabla-Norris, Frederico Lima and Alexandre Sollaci
2021/129: Macroeconomic Impact of the Itaipú Treaty Review for Paraguay: Natasha Che
2021/128: The Cost of Future Policy: Intertemporal Public Sector Balance Sheets in the G7: Yugo Koshima, Jason Harris, Alexander Tieman and Alessandro De Sanctis
2021/127: Will COVID-19 Have Long-Lasting Effects on Inequality? Evidence from Past Pandemics: Davide Furceri, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry and Pietro Pizzuto
2021/126: Macroeconomic Impact of Foreign Exchange Intervention: Some Cross-country Empirical Findings: Zhongxia Jin, Haobin Wang and Yue Zhao
2021/125: Balance Sheets and Debt Crises – Empirical Regularities for Modern Cases of Sovereign Distress: Alexis Meyer-Cirkel and Gonzalo Huertas
2021/124: Impact of COVID-19: Nowcasting and Big Data to Track Economic Activity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Brandon Buell, Reda Cherif, Carissa Chen, Karl Walentin, Jiawen Tang and Nils Wendt
2021/123: What Determines Social Distancing? Evidence from Advanced and Emerging Market Economies: Era Dabla-Norris, Hibah Khan and Frederico Lima
2021/122: The Morocco Policy Analysis Model: Theoretical Framework and Policy Scenarios: Aya Achour, Ales Bulir, Omar Chafik and Adam Remo
2021/121: Austerity and Elections: Alberto Alesina, Gabriele Ciminelli, Davide Furceri and Giorgio Saponaro
2021/120: The Rise in Inequality after Pandemics: Can Fiscal Support Play a Mitigating Role?: Davide Furceri, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry and Pietro Pizzuto
2021/119: Will the Economic Impact of COVID-19 Persist? Prognosis from 21st Century Pandemics: Johannes Emmerling, Davide Furceri, Francisco Líbano Monteiro, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry, Pietro Pizzuto and Massimo Tavoni
2021/118: The Fiscal Multiplier of European Structural Investment Funds: Aggregate and Sectoral Effects with an Application to Slovenia: Raphael Espinoza
2021/117: Scaling Up Quality Infrastructure Investment: Olivier Bizimana, Laura Jaramillo and Saji Thomas
2021/116: Financial Cycles – Early Warning Indicators of Banking Crises?: Sally Chen and Katsiaryna Svirydzenka
2021/115: SDG Financing Options in Rwanda: A Post-Pandemic Assessment: Victor Lledo and Roberto Perrelli
2021/114: Can Fintech Foster Competition in the Banking System in Latin America and the Caribbean?: Suchanan Tambunlertchai, Kotaro Ishi, Takuji Komatsuzaki, Ippei Shibata and Jasmin Sin
2021/113: Leakages from Macroprudential Regulations: The Case of Household-Specific Tools and Corporate Credit: Lucyna Gornicka and Peichu Xie
2021/112: Limits to Private Climate Change Mitigation: Dalya Elmalt, Divya Kirti and Deniz Igan
2021/111: Is There a One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Inclusive Growth? A Case Study Analysis: Sriram Balasubramanian, Lahcen Bounader, Jana Bricco and Dmitry Vasilyev
2021/110: The Macroeconomic Impacts of Digitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Submarine Cables: Felix Simione and Yiruo Li
2021/109: Risks and Vulnerabilities in the U.S. Bond Mutual Fund Industry: Antoine Bouveret and Jie Yu
2021/108: Pakistan: Spending Needs for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Fernanda Brollo, Emine Hanedar and Sébastien Walker
2021/107: Impacts of Interest Rate Cap on Financial Inclusion in Cambodia: Dyna Heng, Serey Chea and Bomakara Heng
2021/106: Unintended Effects From the Expansion of the Non-Contributory Health System in Peru: José Torres
2021/105: Central Bank Risk Management, Fintech, and Cybersecurity: Ashraf Khan and Majid Malaika
2021/104: Commodity Shocks and Exchange Rate Regimes: Implications for the Caribbean Commodity Exporters: Ali Al-Sadiq and Inci Ötker-Robe
2021/103: Credit Reversals: Francisco Vazquez
2021/102: Competition vs. Stability: Oligopolistic Banking System with Run Risk: Damien Capelle
2021/101: Parameterizing Debt Maturity: Philip Barrett and Christopher Johns

IMF Working Papers

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