IMF Working Papers
From International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA. Contact information at EDIRC. Bibliographic data for series maintained by Akshay Modi (). Access Statistics for this working paper series.
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- 2021/180: U.S. Healthcare: A Story of Rising Market Power, Barriers to Entry, and Supply Constraints

- Li Lin, Mico Mrkaic and Anke Weber
- 2021/179: Guaranteed Minimum Income Schemes in Europe: Landscape and Design

- David Coady, Samir Jahan, Baoping Shang and Riki Matsumoto
- 2021/178: Trade, Jobs, and Inequality

- Kimberly Beaton, Valerie Cerra and Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov
- 2021/177: Is Mobile Money Part of Money? Understanding the Trends and Measurement

- Kazuko Shirono, Esha Chhabra, Bidisha Das, Yingjie Fan and Hector Carcel
- 2021/176: The Sectoral Trade Losses from Financial Crises

- Jean-Marc Atsebi, Jean-Louis Combes and Alexandru Minea
- 2021/175: Fintech Potential for Remittance Transfers: A Central America Perspective

- Julia Bersch, Jean François Clevy, Naseem Muhammad, Esther Perez Ruiz and Yorbol Yakhshilikov
- 2021/174: Understanding Chile’s Social Unrest in an International Perspective

- Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov and Luca Ricci
- 2021/173: Can International Technological Diffusion Substitute for Coordinated Global Policies to Mitigate Climate Change?

- Philip Barrett
- 2021/172: The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications

- Baoping Shang
- 2021/171: Fiscal Policies for Achieving Finland’s Emission Neutrality Target

- Ian Parry and Philippe Wingender
- 2021/170: Financial Crises, Investment Slumps, and Slow Recoveries

- Valerie Cerra, Mai Hakamada and Ruy Lama
- 2021/169: Effects of COVID-19 on Regional and Gender Equality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Nigeria and Ethiopia

- Chie Aoyagi
- 2021/168: COVID-19 in Latin America: A High Toll on Lives and Livelihoods

- Bas Bakker and Carlos Goncalves
- 2021/167: Is Digital Financial Inclusion Unlocking Growth?

- Purva Khera, Stephanie Ng, Sumiko Ogawa and Ratna Sahay
- 2021/166: Technological Progress, Artificial Intelligence, and Inclusive Growth

- Anton Korinek, Martin Schindler and Joseph Stiglitz
- 2021/165: Labor Market Reform Options to Boost Employment in South Africa

- Romain Duval, Yi Ji and Ippei Shibata
- 2021/164: Finance, Growth, and Inequality

- Ross Levine
- 2021/163: Asymmetric Non-Commodity Output Responses to Commodity Price Shocks

- Amine Mati, Monique Newiak and James Wilson
- 2021/162: Electric Vehicles, Tax incentives and Emissions: Evidence from Norway

- Youssouf Camara, Bjart Holtsmark and Florian Misch
- 2021/161: A Firm Lower Bound: Characteristics and Impact of Corporate Minimum Taxation

- Aqib Aslam and Maria Coelho
- 2021/160: Chinese Investment in Latin America: Sectoral Complementarity and the Impact of China’s Rebalancing

- Ding Ding, Fabio Di Vittorio, Ana Lariau and Yue Zhou
- 2021/159: How Have IMF Priorities Evolved? A Text Mining Approach

- Gareth Anderson, Paolo Galang, Andrea Gamba, Leandro Medina and Tianxiao Zheng
- 2021/158: Are Passive Institutional Investors Engaged Monitors or Risk-Averse Owners? Both!

- Yuanchen Yang
- 2021/157: COVID-19 Containment Measures and Expected Stock Volatility: High-Frequency Evidence from Selected Advanced Economies

- Viral Acharya, Yang Liu and Yunhui Zhao
- 2021/156: Are Climate Change Policies Politically Costly?

- Davide Furceri, Michael Ganslmeier and Jonathan Ostry
- 2021/155: The Long-Run Impact of Sovereign Yields on Corporate Yields in Emerging Markets

- Delong Li, Nicolas Magud, Alejandro Werner and Samantha Witte
- 2021/154: Authorities’ Fiscal Forecasts in Latin America: Are They Optimistic?

- Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Luca Ricci, Alejandro Werner and Nayib Zamarripa
- 2021/153: The Impact of Gray-Listing on Capital Flows: An Analysis Using Machine Learning

- Mizuho Kida and Simon Paetzold
- 2021/152: Restructuring and Insolvency in Europe: Policy Options in the Implementation of the EU Directive

- Jose Garrido, Chanda DeLong, Amira Rasekh and Anjum Rosha
- 2021/151: Do Lenders Make Less-Informed Investments in High-Growth Housing Markets?

- Sophia Chen, Lev Ratnovski and Yangfan Sun
- 2021/150: Predicting Fiscal Crises: A Machine Learning Approach

- Klaus-Peter Hellwig
- 2021/149: When They Go Low, We Go High? Measuring Bank Market Power in a Low-for-Long Environment

- Deniz Igan, Nicola Pierri and Andrea Presbitero
- 2021/148: Chile: A Role Model of Export Diversification Policies?

- Gonzalo Salinas
- 2021/147: Climate Action to Unlock the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century

- Amar Bhattacharya, Maksym Ivanyna, William Oman and Nicholas Stern
- 2021/146: IMF Programs and Financial Flows to Offshore Centers

- Shekhar Aiyar and Manasa Patnam
- 2021/145: Capital Income Taxation in the Netherlands

- Alexander Klemm, Shafik Hebous and Christophe Waerzeggers
- 2021/144: Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia

- Oksana Dynnikova, Annette Kyobe and Slavi Slavov
- 2021/143: Scenario Analysis with the DD-PD Mapping Approach: Stock Market Shocks and U.S. Corporate Default Risk

- Jorge Chan-Lau
- 2021/142: Labor Market Reforms and Earnings Dynamics: the Italian Case

- Davide Malacrino and Luigi Pistaferri
- 2021/141: Inclusivity in the Labor Market

- Asmaa ElGanainy, Ekkehard Ernst, Rossana Merola, Richard Rogerson and Martin Schindler
- 2021/140: Employment Effects of Environmental Policies – Evidence From Firm-Level Data

- Adil Mohommad
- 2021/139: How to Gain the Most from Structural Conditionality of IMF-Supported Programs

- Jochen Andritzky, Zsuzsa Munkacsi and Ke Wang
- 2021/138: China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality

- Mariya Brussevich and Era Dabla-Norris
- 2021/137: Determinants of and Prospects for Market Access in Frontier Economies

- Luiza Antoun de Almeida and Diva Singh
- 2021/136: Patterns in IMF Growth Forecast Revisions: A Panel Study at Multiple Horizons

- Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Luca Ricci, Alejandro Mariano Werner and Nayib Zamarripa
- 2021/135: The Macroeconomic Impact of Social Unrest

- Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Samuel Pienknagura and Luca Ricci
- 2021/134: License to Spill: How Do We Discuss Spillovers in Article IV Staff Reports

- Jelle Barkema, Borislava Mircheva, Mico Mrkaic and Yuanchen Yang
- 2021/133: Avoid a Fall or Fly Again: Turning Points of State Fragility

- Olusegun Ayodele Akanbi, Nikolay Gueorguiev, Jiro Honda, Paulomi Mehta, Kenji Moriyama, Keyra Primus and Mouhamadou Sy
- 2021/132: An Empirical Assessment of the Exchange Rate Pass-through in Mozambique

- Edson Manguinhane and Felix Simione
- 2021/131: The Direct Employment Impact of Public Investment

- Marian Moszoro
- 2021/130: Who Doesn’t Want to be Vaccinated? Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy During COVID-19

- Hibah Khan, Era Dabla-Norris, Frederico Lima and Alexandre Sollaci
- 2021/129: Macroeconomic Impact of the Itaipú Treaty Review for Paraguay

- Natasha Che
- 2021/128: The Cost of Future Policy: Intertemporal Public Sector Balance Sheets in the G7

- Yugo Koshima, Jason Harris, Alexander Tieman and Alessandro De Sanctis
- 2021/127: Will COVID-19 Have Long-Lasting Effects on Inequality? Evidence from Past Pandemics

- Davide Furceri, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry and Pietro Pizzuto
- 2021/126: Macroeconomic Impact of Foreign Exchange Intervention: Some Cross-country Empirical Findings

- Zhongxia Jin, Haobin Wang and Yue Zhao
- 2021/125: Balance Sheets and Debt Crises – Empirical Regularities for Modern Cases of Sovereign Distress

- Alexis Meyer-Cirkel and Gonzalo Huertas
- 2021/124: Impact of COVID-19: Nowcasting and Big Data to Track Economic Activity in Sub-Saharan Africa

- Brandon Buell, Reda Cherif, Carissa Chen, Karl Walentin, Jiawen Tang and Nils Wendt
- 2021/123: What Determines Social Distancing? Evidence from Advanced and Emerging Market Economies

- Era Dabla-Norris, Hibah Khan and Frederico Lima
- 2021/122: The Morocco Policy Analysis Model: Theoretical Framework and Policy Scenarios

- Aya Achour, Ales Bulir, Omar Chafik and Adam Remo
- 2021/121: Austerity and Elections

- Alberto Alesina, Gabriele Ciminelli, Davide Furceri and Giorgio Saponaro
- 2021/120: The Rise in Inequality after Pandemics: Can Fiscal Support Play a Mitigating Role?

- Davide Furceri, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry and Pietro Pizzuto
- 2021/119: Will the Economic Impact of COVID-19 Persist? Prognosis from 21st Century Pandemics

- Johannes Emmerling, Davide Furceri, Francisco Líbano Monteiro, Prakash Loungani, Jonathan Ostry, Pietro Pizzuto and Massimo Tavoni
- 2021/118: The Fiscal Multiplier of European Structural Investment Funds: Aggregate and Sectoral Effects with an Application to Slovenia

- Raphael Espinoza
- 2021/117: Scaling Up Quality Infrastructure Investment

- Olivier Bizimana, Laura Jaramillo and Saji Thomas
- 2021/116: Financial Cycles – Early Warning Indicators of Banking Crises?

- Sally Chen and Katsiaryna Svirydzenka
- 2021/115: SDG Financing Options in Rwanda: A Post-Pandemic Assessment

- Victor Lledo and Roberto Perrelli
- 2021/114: Can Fintech Foster Competition in the Banking System in Latin America and the Caribbean?

- Suchanan Tambunlertchai, Kotaro Ishi, Takuji Komatsuzaki, Ippei Shibata and Jasmin Sin
- 2021/113: Leakages from Macroprudential Regulations: The Case of Household-Specific Tools and Corporate Credit

- Lucyna Gornicka and Peichu Xie
- 2021/112: Limits to Private Climate Change Mitigation

- Dalya Elmalt, Divya Kirti and Deniz Igan
- 2021/111: Is There a One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Inclusive Growth? A Case Study Analysis

- Sriram Balasubramanian, Lahcen Bounader, Jana Bricco and Dmitry Vasilyev
- 2021/110: The Macroeconomic Impacts of Digitalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Submarine Cables

- Felix Simione and Yiruo Li
- 2021/109: Risks and Vulnerabilities in the U.S. Bond Mutual Fund Industry

- Antoine Bouveret and Jie Yu
- 2021/108: Pakistan: Spending Needs for Reaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

- Fernanda Brollo, Emine Hanedar and Sébastien Walker
- 2021/107: Impacts of Interest Rate Cap on Financial Inclusion in Cambodia

- Dyna Heng, Serey Chea and Bomakara Heng
- 2021/106: Unintended Effects From the Expansion of the Non-Contributory Health System in Peru

- José Torres
- 2021/105: Central Bank Risk Management, Fintech, and Cybersecurity

- Ashraf Khan and Majid Malaika
- 2021/104: Commodity Shocks and Exchange Rate Regimes: Implications for the Caribbean Commodity Exporters

- Ali Al-Sadiq and Inci Ötker-Robe
- 2021/103: Credit Reversals

- Francisco Vazquez
- 2021/102: Competition vs. Stability: Oligopolistic Banking System with Run Risk

- Damien Capelle
- 2021/101: Parameterizing Debt Maturity

- Philip Barrett and Christopher Johns
- 2021/100: Assessing the Macroeconomic Impact of Structural Reforms in Ukraine

- Anil Ari and Gabor Pula
- 2021/099: Smart Containment: Lessons from Countries with Past Experience

- Alexandra Fotiou and Andresa Lagerborg
- 2021/098: Governance for Inclusive Growth

- Maksym Ivanyna and Andrea Salerno
- 2021/097: Sharing Resource Wealth Inclusively Within and Across Generations

- Nathalie Pouokam
- 2021/096: Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change in the Maldives

- Giovanni Melina and Marika Santoro
- 2021/095: Gender and Employment in the COVID-19 Recession: Evidence on “She-cessions”

- John Bluedorn, Francesca Caselli, Niels-Jakob Hansen, Ippei Shibata and Marina Tavares
- 2021/094: Emerging Market Securities Access to Global Plumbing

- Gongpil Choi, Federico Ortega and Manmohan Singh
- 2021/093: What's in the R- Stars for Korea?

- Sohrab Rafiq
- 2021/092: Korea’s Growth Prospects: Overcoming Demographics and COVID-19

- Andrew Swiston
- 2021/091: Search Externalities in Firm-to-Firm Trade

- John Spray
- 2021/090: Digital Financial Inclusion in Emerging and Developing Economies: A New Index

- Purva Khera, Stephanie Ng, Sumiko Ogawa and Ratna Sahay
- 2021/089: Firms’ Environmental Performance and the COVID-19 Crisis

- Pierre Guérin and Felix Suntheim
- 2021/088: The Impact of International Migration on Inclusive Growth: A Review

- Zsoka Koczan, Magali Pinat and Dmitriy Rozhkov
- 2021/087: Building Back Better: How Big Are Green Spending Multipliers?

- Nicoletta Batini, Mario Di Serio, Matteo Fragetta and Giovanni Melina
- 2021/086: Corporate Funding and the COVID-19 Crisis

- Andrea Deghi, Dulani Seneviratne, Tomohiro Tsuruga and Jerome Vandenbussche
- 2021/085: Does a Wealth Tax Improve Equality of Opportunity? Evidence from Norway

- Kristoffer Berg and Shafik Hebous
- 2021/084: Equilibrium Foreign Currency Mortgages

- Marcin Kolasa
- 2021/083: Public Expenditure and Inclusive Growth - A Survey

- Younes Zouhar, Jon Jellema, Nora Lustig and Mohamed Trabelsi
- 2021/082: The Political Economy of Inclusive Growth: A Review

- Simon Johnson and Priscilla Muthoora
- 2021/081: Macroeconomic Stability and Inclusive Growth

- Hamid Davoodi, Peter Montiel and Anna Ter-Martirosyan
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