IMF Working Papers

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1995/096: Dollarization in Transition Economies: Evidence and Policy Implications

Carlos Végh Gramont and Ratna Sahay

1995/095: Human Capital Accumulation and Public Sector Growth

Vito Tanzi and Howell Zee

1995/094: The Measurement of Reinvested Earnings in the Balance of Payments

Jack Bame

1995/093: The Identification of Capital Transfers in the Balance of Payments

Jack Bame

1995/092: The Macroeconomic Effects of ESAF-Supported Programs: Revisiting Some Methodological Issues

Susan Schadler, Louis Dicks-Mireaux and Mauro Mecagni

1995/091: Government Subsidies: Concepts, International Trends, and Reform Options

Gerd Schwartz, Réjane Hugounenq and Benedict Clements

1995/090: Financial Sector Reform in Jamaica During 1985-1992, Possible Lessons for the Caribbean

Dewitt Marston

1995/089: The Stability of the Gold Standard and the Evolution of the International Monetary System

Tamim Bayoumi and Barry Eichengreen

1995/088: Wage Dispersion in the 1980's: Resurrecting the Role of Trade Through the Effects of Durable Employment Changes

Elaine Buckberg and Alun Thomas

1995/087: Labor Market Representation in Quantitative Macroeconomic Models for Developing Countries: An Application to Cote D'Ivoire

Vincent Bodart and Jean Le Dem

1995/086: Inflation and Income Distribution: Further Evidenceon Empirical Links

Ales Bulir and Anne Gulde

1995/085: Are Exchange Rates Excessively Volatile? and What Does "Excessively Volatile" Mean, Anyway?

Gordon Bodnar and Leonardo Bartolini

1995/084: The Distributional Effects of Public Expenditure: Update and Overview

Teresa Ter-Minassian and Gerd Schwartz

1995/083: The Costs of Taxation and the Marginal Cost of Funds

Joel Slemrod and Shlomo Yitzhaki

1995/082: Price Measurement and Mismeasurement in Central Asia

Vincent Koen

1995/081: The Fundamental Determinants of the Real Exchange Rate of the U. S. Dollar Relative to Other G-7 Currencies

Jerome Stein

1995/080: Working Paper Summaries (WP/95/1 - WP/95/61)

International Monetary Fund

1995/079: Do Taxes Matter for Long-Run Growth? Harberger's Superneutrality Conjecture

Patrick Asea, Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti and Enrique Mendoza

1995/078: Exchange Market Reform, Inflation, and Fiscal Deficits

E. Ucer and Pierre-Richard Agénor

1995/077: Financial Transactions Taxes

Janet Stotsky and Parthasarathi Shome

1995/076: Asymmetry in the U.S. Output-Inflation Nexus: Issues and Evidence

Douglas Laxton, Peter Clark and David Rose

1995/075: Capacity Constraints, Inflation and the Transmission Mechanism: Forward-Looking Versus Myopic Policy Rules

Peter Clark, Douglas Laxton and David Rose

1995/074: Four Decades of Fund Arrangements: Macroeconomic Stylized Facts Before the Adjustment Programs

Julio Santaella

1995/073: The Spanish Social Security: Prospects of the Pension and Health-Care Systems

Joaquim Levy

1995/072: Recording Insurance Transactions in the Balance of Payments

Peter Harper

1995/071: Recording Interest Income in the Balance of Payments

Peter Harper

1995/070: Employment and Wages in the Public Sector: A Cross-Country Study

International Monetary Fund

1995/069: The Parallel Market for Foreign Exchange in an Oil Exporting Economy: The Case of Iran, 1978-1990

Adnan Mazarei

1995/068: Recent Turmoil in Emerging Markets and the Behavior of Country-Fund Discounts: Renewing the Puzzle of the Pricing of Closed-End Mutual Funds

Charles Kramer and T. Smith

1995/067: Markets for Corporate Debt Securities

T. Smith

1995/066: Internal Migration, Center-State Grants and Economic Growth in the States of India

Paul Cashin and Ratna Sahay

1995/065: Unemployment Benefits Versus Conditional Negative Income Taxes

Dennis Snower

1995/064: Some Considerations Relevant to Prefunded Pensions in France

Joaquim Levy

1995/063: Institutional Structure and Labor Market Outcomes: Western Lessons for European Countries in Transition

Robert Flanagan

1995/062: Growth Effects of Income and Consumption Taxes: Positive and Normative Analysis

Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti and Nouriel Roubini

1995/061: The Nordic Banking Crises: Pitfalls in Financial Liberalization?

Burkhard Drees and Ceyla Pazarbasioglu

1995/060: International Financial Flows and Transactions Taxes: Survey and Options

Paul Spahn

1995/059: Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy

Edward Graham

1995/058: Informational Efficiency in Developing Equity Markets

Christopher McDermott and Paul Cashin

1995/057: Capital Flows in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence and Policy Options

Carlos Végh Gramont, Ratna Sahay and Guillermo Calvo

1995/056: Nonlinear Effects of Inflationon Economic Growth

Michael Sarel

1995/055: Asset Market and Balance of Payments Characteristics: An Eclectic Exchange Rate Model for the Dollar, Mark, and Yen

Ronald MacDonald

1995/054: Relative Price Convergence in Russia

Paula De Masi and Vincent Koen

1995/053: The Peace Dividend: Military Spending Cuts and Economic Growth

Malcolm Knight, Delano Villanueva and Norman Loayza

1995/052: Hysteresis in Exports

Giorgia Giovannetti and Hossein Samiei

1995/051: International Evidenceon the Determinants of Private Saving

Paul Masson, Tamim Bayoumi and Hossein Samiei

1995/050: Fiscal Implications of Trade Liberalization

David Bevan

1995/049: Fiscal Deficit and Public Debt in Industrial Countries, 1970-1994

Domenico Fanizza and Vito Tanzi

1995/048: The Burden of Sub-Saharan African Own Commitments in the Uruguay Round: Myth or Reality?

Piritta Sorsa

1995/047: Auction Format Matters: Evidenceon Bidding Behavior and Seller Revenue

Robert Feldman and Vincent Reinhart

1995/046: The Taxation of Financial Assets: A Survey of Issues and Country Experiences

John King and Vito Tanzi

1995/045: Growth, Nontradables, and Price Convergence in the Baltics

Anthony Richards and Gunnar Tersman

1995/044: Stabilization in the Baltic Countries: A Comparative Analysis

Tapio Saavalainen

1995/043: Who Needs Bands? Exchange Rate Policy Before Emu

Tamim Bayoumi

1995/042: Exchange Rate Bands and Shifts in the Stabilization Policy Regime: Issues Suggested by the Experience of Colombia

Alberto Carrasquilla

1995/041: Exchange Rate Movements and Inflation Performance: The Case of Italy

Robert Ford and Thomas Krueger

1995/040: Recession and Recovery in the United Kingdom in the 1990'+L927s: A Vector Autoregression Approach

Luis Catão and Ramana Ramaswamy

1995/039: Saving Trends in Southeast Asia: A Cross-Country Analysis

Hamid Faruqee and Aasim Husain

1995/038: Bank Lending Rates and Financial Structure in Italy: A Case Study

Giovanni Ferri, Carlo Cottarelli and Andrea Generale

1995/037: The Employment and Wage Effects of Oil Price Changes: A Sectoral Analysis

Michael Keane and Eswar Prasad

1995/036: Wage Structure in the Transition of the Czech Economy

Robert Flanagan

1995/035: Fiscal Restructuring in the Group of Seven Major Industrial Countries in the 1990's: Macroeconomic Effects

Leonardo Bartolini, Steven Symansky and Assaf Razin

1995/034: Measurement of Co-Circulation of Currencies

Russell Krueger and Jiming Ha

1995/033: The Italian Public Pension System: Current Prospects and Reform Options

Patrizia Canziani and Dimitri Demekas

1995/032: Nonlinearity and Endogeneity in Macro-Asset Pricing

Charles Kramer and Craig Hiemstra

1995/031: Economic Effects and Structural Determinants of Capital Controls

Vittorio Grilli and Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti

1995/030: World Public Debt and Real Interest Rates

Robert Ford and Douglas Laxton

1995/029: Poverty Alleviation in a Financial Programming Framework: An Integrated Approach

Sheetal Chand and Parthasarathi Shome

1995/028: Paradise Lost? Growth, Convergence and Migration in the South Pacific

Norman Loayza and Paul Cashin

1995/027: Historical Experience with Bond Financing to Developing Countries

Thomas Laursen and Juan Fernandez-Ansola

1995/026: The Design and Printing of Bank Notes: Considerations When Introducing a New Currency

Richard Abrams

1995/025: Fiscal Policy Coordination in the Waemu After the Devaluation

Christoph Rosenberg

1995/024: Current Account Surpluses and the Interest Rate Island in Switzerland

Paolo Mauro

1995/023: Regional Integration in Eastern and Southern Africa: The Cross-Border Initiative and its Fiscal Implications

Abdelrahmi Bessaha, Ferdinand Bakoup and Luca Errico

1995/022: The Reform of Tax Administration

Anthony Pellechio and Vito Tanzi

1995/021: The Role of Foreign Currency Debt in Public Debt Management

International Monetary Fund

1995/020: Trade Liberalization and Unemployment

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Joshua Aizenman

1995/019: Public Policies and Private Savings and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Empirical Investigation

Dhaneshwar Ghura and Michael Hadjimichael

1995/018: A Review of PPP-Adjusted GDP Estimation and its Potential Use for the Fund's Operational Purposes

Nancy Wagner

1995/017: Excess Wages Tax

S. Erbas and Alan Tait

1995/016: Setting Up a Treasury in Economies in Transition

Teresa Ter-Minassian, Pedro Martínez-Méndez and Pedro Parente

1995/015: Working Paper Summaries (WP/94/77 - WP/94/147)

International Monetary Fund

1995/014: Long-Run Exchange Rate Modeling: A Survey of the Recent Evidence

Ronald MacDonald

1995/013: Stabilization and Structural Change in Russia, 1992-94

Vincent Koen and Michael Marrese

1995/012: Pricing to Market and the Real Exchange Rate

Hamid Faruqee

1995/011: Wage Expenditures of Central Governments

International Monetary Fund

1995/010: Wage Contracts, Capital Mobility, and Macroeconomic Policy

Pierre-Richard Agénor

1995/009: The Pattern of International Trade Between Japan and the Pacific Basin Countries: A Comparison Between 1975 and 1985

Sayuri Shirai

1995/008: Inflation and Stabilization in Transition Economies: A Comparison with Market Economies

Carlos Végh Gramont and Ratna Sahay

1995/007: Evaluating Unemployment Policies: What Do the Underlying Theories Tell Us?

Dennis Snower

1995/006: Environmental Protectionism, North-South Trade, and the Uruguay Round

Piritta Sorsa

1995/005: The Simple Economics of Benefit Transfers

Dennis Snower

1995/004: Skills, Wages, and Employment in East and West Germany

Michael Funke and Felix FitzRoy

1995/003: Saving Behavior in Low and Middle-Income Developing Countries: A Comparison

Masao Ogaki, Jonathan Ostry and Carmen Reinhart

1995/002: Government Finance Statistics in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union: Compilation and Methodological Issues

Marie Montanjees

1995/001: An Analysis of Value-Added Taxes in Russia and Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union

Emil Sunley and Victoria Perry

1994/159: Sterilization of Money Inflows: Difficult (Calvo) or Easy (Reisen)?

Jeffrey Frankel

1994/158: The Response of Wages and Labor Supply Movements to Employment Shocks Across Europe and the United States

Alun Thomas

1994/157: Financing the Transition of Previously Centrally Planned Economies: Macroeconomic Effectson Western Europe

Steven Symansky and Leonardo Bartolini

1994/156: Analysis of the Yield on Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificates: Rationality and Financial Behavior in Pakistan

Karim Abdel-Motaal