Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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10185: Climate Policy and Inequality in Urban Areas: Beyond Incomes

Charlotte Liotta, Paolo Avner, Vincent Viguié, Harris Selod and Stephane Hallegatte

10184: Impacts of COVID-19 on the Income and Mental Well-Being of Cismen, Ciswomen, Transgender, and Non-Binary Individuals: Evidence from the 2020 COVID-19 Disparities Survey

Tanima Ahmed, Toni Joe Lebbos, Sean Howell, Erik Lamontagne and Joshua Seth Wimpey

10183: Missing Information: Why Don’t More Firms Seek Out Business Advice ?

Miriam Bruhn and Caio Piza

10182: Increasing Tax Collection in African Countries: The Role of Information Technology

Oyebola Okunogbe and Fabrizio Santoro

10181: The Role of Green Financial Sector Initiatives in the Low-Carbon Transition: A Theory of Change

Irene Monasterolo, Antoine Mandel, Stefano Battiston, Andrea Mazzocchetti, Klaus Oppermann, Jonathan D'Entremont Coony, Stephen John Stretton, Fiona Elizabeth Stewart and Nepomuk Max Ferdinand Dunz

10180: Return Migration and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from South Asia

Laurent Bossavie and He Wang

10179: Capturing Sensitive Information from Difficult-to-Reach Populations: Evidence from a Novel Internet-Based Survey in Yemen

Sharad Tandon and Tara Vishwanath

10178: Are Subjective Questions on Welfare Appropriate during Crises ? Evidence from the Onset of Conflict in the Republic of Yemen

Sharad Tandon

10177: How Does Violence Force Displacement during Active Conflict ? Evidence from the Republic of Yemen

Anna D'Souza, Eliana Favari, Siddharth Krishnaswamy and Sharad Tandon

10176: Consequences of Forced Displacement in Active Conflict: Evidence from the Republic of Yemen

Anna D'Souza, Eliana Favari, Siddharth Krishnaswamy and Sharad Tandon

10175: Small Area Estimation of Monetary Poverty in Mexico Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning

David Newhouse, Joshua David Merfeld, Anusha Pudugramam Ramakrishnan, Tom Swartz and Partha Lahiri

10174: Is Social Protection a Luxury Good ?

Michael Lokshin, Martin Ravallion and Ivan Torre

10173: Multiple Price Lists for Willingness to Pay Elicitation

B. Kelsey Jack, Kathryn McDermott and Anja Sautmann

10172: Revisiting Poverty Trends and the Role of Social Protection Systems in Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kibrom A. Abay, Nishant Yonzan, Sikandra Smith Kurdi and Kibrom Tafere

10171: How Accurate Is a Poverty Map Based on Remote Sensing Data ? An Application to Malawi

Roy van der Weide, Brian Blankespoor, Chris Elbers and Peter Lanjouw

10170: Intra-Household Inequality in Food Consumption and Diets in the Philippines

Felipe Fadullon Dizon, Anna Josephson and Zetianyu Wang

10169: Poverty and Violence: The Immediate Impact of Terrorist Attacks against Civilians in Somalia

Gonzalo Nunez-Chaim and Utz Pape

10168: From Necessity to Opportunity: Lessons for Integrating Phone and In-Person Data Collection for Agricultural Statistics in a Post-Pandemic World

Alberto Zezza, Kevin Robert Mcgee, Philip Randolph Wollburg, Thomas Assefa and Sydney Gourlay

10167: How Does the Progressivity of Taxes and Government Transfers Impact People’s Willingness to Pay Tax ? Experimental Evidence across Developing Countries

Christopher Alexander Hoy

10166: Protect Incomes or Protect Jobs ? The Role of Social Policies in Post-Pandemic Recovery

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Michael Lokshin and Ivan Torre

10165: Inferring COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes from Twitter Data: An Application to the Arabic Speaking World

Roy van der Weide

10164: Massive Modularity: Understanding Industry Organization in the Digital Age — The Case of Mobile Phone Handsets

Eric Thun, Daria Taglioni, Timothy J. Sturgeon and Mark Peter Dallas

10163: A Model of Amazon Deforestation, Trade and Labor Market Dynamics

Charly Jason Gaby Porcher and Marek Hanusch

10162: A Macroeconomic Perspective of Structural Deforestation in Brazil's Legal Amazon

Joaquim Bento De Souza Ferreira Filho and Marek Hanusch

10161: Do Index Insurance Programs Live Up to Their Promises ? Aggregating Evidence from Multiple Experiments

Pauline Castaing and Jules Gazeaud

10160: Healthy and Sustainable Diets in Bangladesh

Divya Mehra, Junying Tong, Felipe Fadullon Dizon and Saskia De Pee

10159: Bribery, Plant Size and Size Dependent Distortions

M Nazim Tamkoc

10158: Informal Emissions

Constantin Bürgi, Shoghik Hovhannisyan, Santosh Ram Joshi and Ahmad Famm Alkhuzam

10157: The Social Costs of Sovereign Default

Juan Farah-Yacoub, Clemens Mathis Henrik Graf Von Luckner, Rita Ramalho and Carmen Reinhart

10156: Overland Transport Costs: A Review

Ahmet Kerem Cosar

10155: The Social Tax: Redistributive Pressure and Labor Supply

Eliana Carranza, Aletheia Donald, Florian Grosset-Touba and Supreet Kaur

10154: The Local Economic Effects of Natural Resources: Evidence from Ghana

Josephine Ofori Adofo, Nori Tarui and Tomomi Tanaka

10153: The Impact of Gas Flaring on Child Health in Nigeria

Omoniyi Babatunde Alimi and John Gibson

10152: Turning COVID-19 Vaccines into Vaccinations: New Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Philip Randolph Wollburg, Yannick Markhof, Shelton Sofiel Elisa Kanyanda and Alberto Zezza

10151: How Regulation and Enforcement of Competition Affects ICT Productivity: Evidence from Matched Regulatory-Production Surveys in Peru’s ICT Sector

Tanida Arayavechkit, Charl Jooste and Ana Francisca Urrutia Arrieta

10150: Good Enough for Outstanding Growth: The Experience of Bangladesh in Comparative Perspective

Robert Beyer and Konstantin Wacker

10149: The Analysis of Inequality in the Bretton Woods Institutions

Francisco Ferreira

10148: Property Tax Compliance in Tanzania: Can Nudges Help ?

Matthew Collin, Vincenzo Di Maro, David Evans and Frederik Manang

10147: Recovering Income Distribution in the Presence of Interval-Censored Data

Gustavo Javier Canavire Bacarreza, Fernando Rios Avila and Flavia Giannina Sacco Capurro

10146: Can Information and Alternatives to Irregular Migration Reduce “Backway” Migration from The Gambia ?

Tijan L Bah, Catia Batista, Flore Gubert and David McKenzie

10145: The Macroeconomic Effects of Macroprudential Policy: Evidence from a Narrative Approach

Luis Diego Rojas Alvarado, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

10144: Delivery Challenges and Development Effectiveness: Assessing the Determinants of World Bank Project Success

Daniel Ortega Nieto, Ariya Hagh and Vivek Agarwal

10143: Inequalities in Job Loss and Income Loss in Sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 Crisis

Ivette Maria Contreras Gonzalez, Gbemisola Oseni Siwatu, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Janneke Pieters and Michael Weber

10142: Social Norms and Gender Equality: A Descriptive Analysis for South Asia

Maurizio Bussolo, Jessy Amarachi Ezebuihe, Ana Maria Munoz Boudet, Stavros Poupakis, Tasmia Rahman and Nayantara Sarma

10141: Should the Food Insecurity Experience Scale Crowd Out Other Food Access Measures ? Evidence from Nigeria

Jonathan William Lain, Sharad Tandon and Tara Vishwanath

10140: Measuring Land Tenure at the Individual Level: Lessons from Methodological Research in Armenia

Sydney Gourlay, Giuseppe Maggio, Anahit Safyan and Alberto Zezza

10139: How Have Formal Firms Recovered from the Pandemic ? Insights from Survey and Tax Administrative Data in Zambia

Christopher Hoy, Laban Simbeye, Muhammad Abdullah Ali Malik, Aliisa Koivisto and Mashekwa Maboshe

10138: The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp

Reshmaan Nahar Hussam, Erin Munro Kelley, Gregory Lane and Fatima Zahra

10137: PPP Distress and Fiscal Contingent Liabilities in South Asia

Matias Herrera Dappe, Martin Melecký and Burak Turkgulu

10136: Intra-Household Dynamics and Attitudes toward Vaccines: Experimental and Survey Evidence from Zambia

Christopher Hoy, Rajee Kanagavel and Corey Morales Cameron

10135: Conflict and Girl Child Marriage: Global Evidence

Caroline Krafft, Diana Jimena Arango, Amalia Hadas Rubin and Kelly Jocelyn

10134: Global Job Quality: Evidence from Wage Employment across Developing Countries

Shoghik Hovhannisyan, Veronica Sonia Montalva Talledo, Tyler Remick, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan and Kersten Kevin Stamm

10133: Integrating Mortality into Poverty Measurement through the Poverty Adjusted Life Expectancy Index

Jean-Marie Baland, Guilhem Cassan and Benoît Decerf

10132: With or Without Him ? Experimental Evidence on Gender-Sensitive Cash Grants and Trainings in Tunisia

Jules Gazeaud, Nausheen Khan, Eric Mvukiyehe and Olivier Sterck

10131: The Long-Term Impact of High School Financial Education: Evidence from Brazil

Miriam Bruhn, Gabriel Garber, Sergio Koyama and Bilal Husnain Zia

10130: A Gendered Fiscal Incidence Analysis for Ethiopia: Evidence from Individual-Level Data

Alemayehu Ambel, Wondimagegn Mesfin Tesfaye and Manex Bule Yonis

10129: Labor Informality and Market Segmentation in Senegal

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan and Emmanuel Vazquez

10128: Fears and Tears: Should More People Be Moving within and from Developing Countries, and What Stops This Movement ?

David McKenzie

10127: Putting a Price on Safety — A Hedonic Price Approach to Flood Risk in African Cities

Alvina Elisabeth Erman and Ingrid Dallmann

10126: Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring

Jingyuan Deng, Nelly Youssef Louis William Elmallakh, Luca Flabbi and Roberta V. Gatti

10125: Will the Developing World’s Growing Middle Class Support Low-Carbon Policies ?

Matthew Kahn and Somik V. Lall

10124: Private but Misunderstood ? Evidence on Measuring Intimate Partner Violence via Self-Interviewing in Rural Liberia and Malawi

David Sungho Park, Shilpa Aggarwal, Dahyeon Jeong, Naresh Kumar, Jonathan Robinson and Alan Spearot

10123: Quantifying War-Induced Crop Losses in Ukraine in Near Real Time to Strengthen Local and Global Food Security

Klaus W. Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali, Nataliia Kussul, Andrii Yu Shelestov, Guido Lemoine and Hanna Yailimova

10122: Conditional Cash Transfers and Gender-Based Violence—Does the Type of Violence Matter ?

Ervin Dervisevic, Elizaveta Perova and Abhilasha Sahay

10121: Life Cycle Savings in a High-Informality Setting—Evidence from Pakistan

Clement Jean Edouard Joubert and Devarakonda Priyanka Kanth

10120: The Dog that Didn’t Bark: The Missed Opportunity of Africa’s Resource Boom

James Cust, Alexis Rivera Ballesteros and Albert G. Zeufack

10119: Beyond Political Connections: A Measurement Model Approach to Estimating Firm-level Political Influence in 41 Economies

David C. Francis and Robert Kubinec

10118: Transactional Governance Structures: New Cross-Country Data and an Application to the Effect of Uncertainty

David C. Francis, Nona Karalashvili and Peter Murrell

10117: Welfare Analysis of Changing Notches: Evidence from Bolsa Família

Katy Bergstrom, William Dodds and Juan Carlos Robles Rios

10116: The Impact of COVID-19 on Electricity Generation: An Empirical Investigation

Chang Shen, Anna Alberini and Govinda R. Timilsina

10115: Fooled by the Cycle: Permanent versus Cyclical Improvements in Social Indicators

Jose Andree Camarena Fonseca, Luciana Maria Galeano, Luis Morano, Jorge Puig, Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Vegh, Lucila Venturi and Guillermo Vuletin

10114: Labor Market Rigidity at Home and Multinational Corporations’ Flexible Task Reallocation Abroad

JaeBin Ahn, Jaerim Choi and Sunghoon Chung

10113: Women’s Political Representation and Intimate Partner Violence

S Anukriti, Bilge Erten and Priya Mukherjee

10112: Trade Fraud and Non-Tariff Measures

Hiau Looi Kee and Alessandro Nicita

10111: Informal Microenterprises in Senegal: Performance Outcomes and Possible Avenues to Boost Productivity and Jobs

İzak Atiyas and Mark Andrew Dutz

10110: The Distributional Impact of Serbia’s Taxes and Social Spending

Trang Van Nguyen, Jelena Žarković, Marko Vladisavljevic and Saša Ranđelović

10109: Estimating Local Agricultural GDP across the World

Brian Blankespoor, Yating Ru, Ulrike Wood-Sichra, Timothy Thomas, Liangzhi You and Erwin Kalvelagen

10108: Is Dirt Cheap ? The Economic Costs of Failing to Meet Soil Health Requirements on Smallholder Farms

Sydney Gourlay and Talip Kilic

10107: Bring a Friend: Strengthening Women’s Social Networks and Reproductive Autonomy in India

S Anukriti, Catalina Herrera-Almanza and Mahesh Venkat Karra

10106: Indirect Effects of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Vaccine Acceptance

Maurizio Bussolo, Nayantara Sarma and Ivan Torre

10105: Consumption Cities versus Production Cities: New Considerations and Evidence

Remi Jedwab, Elena Ianchovichina and Federico Haslop

10104: Why Student Aid Matters ? Roadblocks to the Transition into Higher Education for Forced Migrants in Chile

Christian Blanco, Francisco Jalles Meneses and Mateo Villamizar-Chaparro

10103: Distributional Policies and Social Cohesion in a High-Unemployment Setting

Jorge Agüero and Eniola Fasola

10102: What it Takes to Return: UN Peacekeeping and the Safe Return of Displaced People

Vincenzo Bove, Jessica Di Salvatore and Leandro Elia

10101: Building Stability Between Host and Refugee Communities: Evidence from a TVET Program in Jordan and Lebanon

Neil Ferguson, Rebecca J. Wolfe, Laila Amine, Eric Ramadi and Lina Shahin

10100: Refugee Return and Social Cohesion

Isabel Ruiz and Carlos Ivan Vargas Silva

10099: Hosting New Neighbors: Perspectives of Host Communities on Social Cohesion in Eastern DRC

World Bank, Phuong Pham, O’Mealia,Thomas, Carol Wei, Kennedy Kihangi Bindu, Anupah Makoond and Patrick Thierry Vinck

10098: Adaptive Experiments for Policy Choice: Phone Calls for Home Reading in Kenya

Bruno Esposito and Anja Sautmann

10097: Social Exclusion: Concepts, Measurement, and a Global Estimate

Jose Cuesta, Borja López-Nova and Miguel Niño-Zarazúa

10096: Green Innovation and Economic Growth in a North-South Model

Jan Witajewski-Baltvilks and Carolyn Fischer

10095: How Can Vulnerable Internally Displaced Persons Be Transitioned from Humanitarian Assistance to Social Protection ? Evidence from Iraq

Chinedu Temple Obi, Lokendra Phadera, Matthew Grant Wai-Poi, Virginia Leape and Gabrielle Fox

10094: India's Services Sector Growth: The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services

Besart Avdiu, Karan Singh Bagavathinathan, Ritam Chaurey and Gaurav Nayyar

10093: Bridging the Targeting Gap: Assessing Humanitarian Beneficiaries’ Likely Eligibility for Social Protection in Iraq

Lokendra Phadera, Dhiraj Sharma, Matthew Grant Wai-Poi, Lotti Douglas, Vladimir Jovanovic, Oliver Westerman and Safwan Aziz Khan

10092: Non-Labor Input Quality and Small Farms in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Hope Michelson, Sydney Gourlay and Philip Randolph Wollburg

10091: Discrimination Toward Migrants During Crises

Marisol Rodriguez Chatruc and Sandra Rozo

10090: From #Hashtags to Legislation: Engagement and Support for Economic Reforms in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Rabah Arezki, Oussama Belmejdoub, Bilal Diab, Samira Kalla, Ha Nguyen, Abdulla Fahed Abdulla Ali Saif and Ivan Yotzov

10089: Household Use of Bottled Gas for Cooking: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Masami Kojima and Xin Zhou

10088: Scaling Up Oportunidades and Its Impact on Child Nutrition

Maria Gabriela Farfan Betran, Maria Eugenia Genoni, Luis Rubalcava, Graciela M. Teruel and Duncan Thomas

10087: Economic Impacts of Meeting China’s NDC through Carbon Taxes with Alternative Schemes for Recycling Tax Revenues

Govinda R. Timilsina, Jun Pang and Yuanhua Chang

10086: Why Do Indian States Differ in Their Infrastructure Development ?

Govinda R. Timilsina, Pravakar Sahoo and Ranjan Kumar Dash