Policy Research Working Paper Series

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7379: Lower bounds on inequality of opportunity and measurement error

Carlos Balcazar

7378: Subjective well-being across the lifespan in Europe and Central Asia

Jan Michael Bauer, Victoria Levin, Ana Maria Munoz Boudet, Peng Nie and Alfonso Sousa-Poza

7377: Does longer compulsory education equalize schooling by gender and rural/urban residence ?

K?rdar,Murat G., Day?o?lu,Meltem and Koç,?smet

7376: Impacts on poverty of removing fuel import subsidies in Nigeria

Khalid Siddig, Peter J. Minor, Harald Grethe, Angel Aguiar and Terrie Walmsley

7375: Do performance agreements help improve service delivery ? the experience of Brazilian states

Lorena Vinuela and Laura De Castro Zoratto

7374: Unconditional cash transfers in China: an analysis of the rural minimum living standard guarantee program

Jennifer Golan, Terry Sicular and Nithin Umapathi

7373: Estimating poverty with panel data, comparably: an example from Jordan

Dean Mitchell Jolliffe, Umar Serajuddin, Dean Mitchell Jolliffe and Umar Serajuddin

7372: The impact of expanding access to early childhood services in rural Indonesia: evidence from two cohorts of children

Sally Anne Brinkman, Amer Hasan, Haeil Jung, Angela Kinnell and Menno Prasad Pradhan

7371: A new cross-national measure of corruption

Laarni Escresa and Lucio Picci

7370: Promoting democracy in fragile states: insights from a field experiment in Liberia

Eric Mvukiyehe and Cyrus Samii

7369: The effects of volumetric pricing policy on farmers? water management institutions and their water use: the case of water user organization in an irrigation system in Hubei, China

Kei Kajisa and Bin Dong

7368: Asymmetric information about migrant earnings and remittance flows

Ganesh Seshan and Robertas Zubrickas

7367: The impacts of trade facilitation measures on international trade flows

Paulo C. de Sá Porto, Otaviano Canuto and Cristiano Morini

7366: Transport policies and development

Claudia N. Berg, Uwe Deichmann, Yishen Liu, Harris Selod, Claudia N. Berg, Uwe Deichmann, Yishen Liu and Harris Selod

7365: The export-productivity link in Brazilian manufacturing firms

Xavier Cirera, Daniel Lederman, J.A. Máñez, Maria Engracia Rochina Barrachina and J.A. Sanchis

7364: Can minimum wages close the gender wage gap ? evidence from Indonesia

Mary C. Hallward-Driemeier, Bob Rijkers, Andrew R. Waxman, Mary C. Hallward-Driemeier, Bob Rijkers and Andrew R. Waxman

7363: Global liquidity and external bond issuance in emerging markets and developing economies

Erik H.B. Feyen, Swati R. Ghosh, Katie Kibuuka and Subika Farazi

7362: Improving education outcomes in South Asia: findings from a decade of impact evaluations

Salman Asim, Robert S. Chase, Amit Dar and Achim Schmillen

7361: Electoral rules and political selection: theory and evidence from a field experiment in Afghanistan

Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia, Georgy Egorov and Ruben Enikolopov

7360: Use of catastrophe risk models in assessing sovereign food security for risk transfer

SharmamMohan and Roman Hohl

7359: Linking risk models to microeconomic indicators

Jesse Keith Anttila-Hughes and Mohan Sharma

7358: Using probabilistic models to appraise and decide on sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance

Roberto Ley-Borrás and Benjamin Daniel Fox

7357: The indirect cost of natural disasters and an economic definition of macroeconomic resilience

Stephane Hallegatte

7356: Quantifying through ex post assessments the micro-level impacts of sovereign disaster risk financing and insurance programs

Alain F. De Janvry

7355: Public expenditure following disasters

David Bevan and Samantha Jane Cook

7354: Pyramid capitalism: political connections, regulation, and firm productivity in Egypt

Ishac Diwan, Philip Keefer and Marc Tobias Schiffbauer

7353: Capital market financing, firm growth, and firm size distribution

Tatiana Didier Brandao, Ross Levine and Sergio Schmukler

7352: Do poor countries really need more IT ? the role of relative prices and industrial composition

Maya Eden and Paul Gaggl

7351: Hybrid issuance regimes for corporate bonds in emerging market countries: analysis, impact and policy choices

Tamar Loladze

7350: Hukou and highways: the impact of China?s spatial development policies on urbanization and regional inequality

Maarten Bosker, Uwe Deichmann and Mark Roberts

7349: Biogas: clean energy access with low-cost mitigation of climate change

E. Somanathan and Randall Bluffstone

7348: Long-run effects of temporary incentives on medical care productivity

Pablo Celhay, Paul Gertler, Paula Giovagnoli and Christel M. J. Vermeersch

7347: Gold mining and proto-urbanization: recent evidence from Ghana

Marcel Fafchamps, Michael Rene Koelle and Forhad Shilpi

7346: The economics of policy instruments to stimulate wind power in Brazil

Florian Landis and Govinda Timilsina

7345: High-powered incentives and communication failure

Ajit Mishra and Sudipta Sarangi

7344: The next wave of deaths from Ebola ? the impact of health care worker mortality

David Evans, Markus Goldstein and Anna Popova

7343: Rate of return regulation and emission permits trading under uncertainty

Fan Zhang and Tao Huang

7342: Using national statistics to increase transparency of large land acquisition: evidence from Ethiopia

Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus Deininger and Charles Anthony Philip Harris

7341: How much could South Asia benefit from regional electricity cooperation and trade ?

Govinda Timilsina, Michael Toman, Jorge G. Karacsonyi and Luca de Tena Diego

7340: Public-private partnerships: promise and hype

Michael Klein

7339: Small cash rewards for big losers: experimental insights into the fight against the obesity epidemic

Boris Augurzky, Thomas Bauer, Arndt Reichert, Christoph Schmidt and Harald Tauchmann

7338: What drives local food prices ? evidence from the Tanzanian maize market

John Baffes, Varun Kshirsagar and Donald Mitchell

7337: The consumption, income, and wealth of the poorest: cross-sectional facts of rural and urban Sub-Saharan Africa for macroeconomists

Leandro de Magalhaes and Raul Santaeulalia-Llopis

7336: Political connections and tariff evasion: evidence from Tunisia

Bob Rijkers, Leila Baghdadi, Gael J. R. F. Raballand, Bob Rijkers, Leila Baghdadi and Gael J. R. F. Raballand

7335: When elites meet: decentralization, power-sharing, and public goods provision in post-conflict Sierra Leone

Amanda Clayton, Jennifer Lynn Noveck and Margaret Levi

7334: Quality and accountability in healthcare delivery: audit evidence from primary care providers in India

Jishnu Das, Alaka Holla, Aakash Mohpal and Karthik Muralidharan

7333: Demography, urbanization and development: rural push, urban pull and... urban push ?

Remi Jedwab, Luc Christiaensen and Marina Gindelsky

7332: Latent trade diversification and its relevance for macroeconomic stability

Daniel Lederman, Samuel Pienknagura and Diego Rojas

7331: Women left behind ? poverty and headship in Africa

Annamaria Milazzo and Dominique van de Walle

7330: A quarter century effort yet to come of age: a survey of power sector reforms in developing countries

Tooraj Jamasb, Rabindra Nepal and Govinda Timilsina

7329: Estimating local poverty measures using satellite images: a pilot application to Central America

Ben Klemens, Andrea Coppola and Max Shron

7328: Cross-border electricity cooperation in South Asia

Anoop Singh, Tooraj Jamasb, Rabindra Nepal and Michael Toman

7327: Does collective action sequester carbon ? the case of the Nepal community forestry program

Randall Bluffstone, E. Somanathan, Prakash Jha, Harisharan Luintel, Rajesh Bista, Naya Paudel and Bhim Adhikari

7326: Community managed forest groups and preferences for REDD contract attributes: a choice experiment survey of communities in Nepal

Sahan Dissanayake, Prakash Jha, Bhim Adhikari, Rajesh Bista, Randall Bluffstone, Harisharan Uintel, Peter Martinsson, Naya Sharma Paudel, E. Somanathan and Michael Toman

7325: The effect of nonbinding agreements on cooperation among forest user groups in Nepal and Ethiopia

Astrid Dannenberg and Peter Martinsson

7324: Do improved biomass cookstoves reduce fuelwood consumption and carbon emissions ? evidence from rural Ethiopia using a randomized treatment trial with electronic monitoring

Abebe Beyene, Randall Bluffstone, Zenebe Gebreegzhiaber, Peter Martinsson, Alemu Mekonnen and Ferdinand Vieider

7323: Cooperative behavior and common pool resources: experimental evidence from community forest user groups in Nepal

Randall Bluffstone, Astrid Dannenberg, Peter Martinsson, Prakash Jha and Rjesh Bista

7322: Inclusive economic growth in America?s cities: what?s the playbook and the score ?

Xavier de Souza Briggs, Rolf Joseph Pendall and Victor Rubin

7321: Hayek, local information, and the decentralization of state-owned enterprises in China

Zhangkai Huang, Lixing Li, Guangrong Ma and Lixin Xu

7320: Placing Bank supervision in the Central Bank: implications for financial stability based on evidence from the global crisis

Martin Melecký and Anca Pruteanu-Podpiera

7319: How costly are labor gender gaps ? estimates for the Balkans and Turkey

David Cuberes and Marc Teignier

7318: Small firms? formalization: the stick treatment

Giacomo De Giorgi, Matthew Ploenzke and Aminur Rahman

7317: Effects of income inequality on aggregate output

Markus Brueckner and Daniel Lederman

7316: Magical transition ? intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China: 1988?2002

Shahe Emran and Yan Sun

7315: Product standards and firms? export decisions

Ana Margarida Fernandes, Esteban Ferro, John S. Wilson, Ana Margarida Fernandes, Esteban Ferro and John S. Wilson

7314: Seeking shared prosperity through trade

Massimiliano Calì, Claire Honore Hollweg and Elizabeth N. Ruppert Bulmer

7313: Energy subsidies reform in Jordan: welfare implications of different scenarios

Aziz Atamanov, Jon Robbert Jellema and Umar Serajuddin

7312: The socioeconomic impacts of energy reform in Tunisia: a simulation approach

Jose Cuesta, AbdelRahmen El Lahga and Gabriel Lara Ibarra

7311: Understanding the operations of freight forwarders: evidence from Serbia

Alejandra Mendoza Alcantara, Ana Margarida Fernandes, Russell Henry Hillberry, Alejandra Mendoza Alcantara, Ana Margarida Fernandes and Russell Henry Hillberry

7310: Fertility transition in Turkey?who is most at risk of deciding against child arrival ?

Angela Greulich, Aurélien Dasre and Ceren Inan

7309: Extending the school day in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pablo Alfaro, David Evans and Peter Anthony Holland

7308: Estimating the gravity model when zero trade flows are frequent and economically determined

Will Martin and Cong Pham

7307: Teacher performance pay: Experimental evidence from Pakistan

Felipe Barrera-Osorio and Dhushyanth Raju

7306: Crop choice and infrastructure accessibility in Tanzania: subsistence crops or export crops ?

Atsushi Iimi, Richard Martin Humphreys, Sevara Melibaeva, Atsushi Iimi, Richard Martin Humphreys and Sevara Melibaeva

7305: Firms? locational choice and infrastructure development in Tanzania: instrumental variable spatial autoregressive model

Atsushi Iimi, Richard Martin Humphreys and Sevara Melibaeva

7304: Is the WTO passe ?

Kyle Bagwell, Chad P. Bown, Robert W. Staiger, Kyle Bagwell, Chad P. Bown and Robert W. Staiger

7303: Formulas for failure ? were the Doha tariff formulas too ambitious for success ?

David Laborde Debucquet and Will Martin

7302: Determinants of tobacco consumption in Papua New Guinea: challenges in changing behaviors

Xiaohui Hou, Xiaochen Xu and Ian Anderson

7301: Stagnant stunting rate despite rapid economic growth in Papua New Guinea - factors correlated with malnutrition among children under five

Xiaohui Hou

7300: Market imperfections exacerbate the gender gap: the case of Malawi

Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Ramón López, Amparo Palacios-Lopez and Ramón López

7299: Business regulations and growth

Raian Divanbeigi and Rita Ramalho

7298: Do capital inflows boost growth in developing countries ? evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Cesar Calderon and Ha Nguyen

7297: The improved biomass stove saves wood, but how often do people use it ? evidence from a randomized treatment trial in Ethiopia

Abebe D. Beyene, Randall Bluffstone, Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Peter Martinsson, Alemu Mekonnen and Ferdinand Vieider

7296: Preferences for REDD+ contract attributes in low-income countries: a choice experiment in Ethiopia

Sahan Dissanayake, Abebe Damte Beyene, Randall Bluffstone, Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Peter Martinsson, Alemu Mekonnen, Michael Toman and Ferdinand Vieider

7295: The economic viability of jatropha biodiesel in Nepal

Govinda Timilsina and Ujjal Tiwari

7294: Toward a new definition of shared prosperity: a dynamic perspective from three countries

Hai-Anh H. Dang, Peter F. Lanjouw, Hai-Anh H. Dang and Peter F. Lanjouw

7293: New evidence on the cyclicality of fiscal policy

Francisco Carneiro and Leonardo Garrido

7292: Ethiopia?s growth acceleration and how to sustain it?insights from a cross-country regression model

Lars Moller and Konstantin Wacker

7291: How unfair is the inequality of wage earnings in Russia ? estimates from panel data

Sailesh Tiwari, Gabriel Lara Ibarra and Ambar Narayan

7290: Costs and benefits of land fragmentation: evidence from Rwanda

Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus Deininger and Loraine Ronchi

7289: Review of international practices for determining medium-term resource needs of spending agencies

Michael Di Francesco and Rafael Chelles Barroso

7288: Financial inclusion, productivity shocks, and consumption volatility in emerging economies

Rudrani Bhattacharya and Ila Patnaik

7287: Unbundling institutions for external finance: worldwide firm-level evidence

Stephen Knack and Lixin Xu

7286: Policies, prices, and poverty: the sugar, vegetable oil, and flour industries in Senegal

Ahmadou Aly Mbaye, Stephen Golub and E. Philip English

7285: Smallholders? land ownership and access in Sub-Saharan Africa: a new landscape ?

Klaus Deininger, Fang Xia and Sara Savastano

7284: Business cycles accounting for Paraguay

Fritzi Koehler-Geib and Viktoria Hnatkovska

7283: A behavioral approach to water conservation: evidence from Costa Rica

Saugato Datta, Juan Jose Miranda Montero, Laura De Castro Zoratto, Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez, Matthew Darlingm and Karina Josephine Orduna Lorenzana

7282: How much of the labor in African agriculture is provided by women ?

Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Luc Christiaensen, Talip Kilic, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Luc Christiaensen and Talip Kilic

7281: Agriculture production and transport infrastructure in east Africa: an application of spatial autoregression

Atsushi Iimi, Liangzhi You, Ulrike Wood-Sichra and Richard Martin Humphrey

7280: Firm inventory behavior in east Africa

Atsushi Iimi, Richard Martin Humphrey and Sevara Melibaeva