Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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947: Strategies for creating transitional jobs during structural adjustment

Stephen L. Mangum, Garth L. Mangum and Janine Bowen

946: Retraining displaced workers: what can developing countries learn from OECD nations?

Duane E. Leigh

945: Managing the civil service: what LDCs can learn from developed country reforms

Barbara Nunberg

944: How public sector pay and employment affect labor markets: research issues

Gail Stevenson

943: Burden-sharing among official and private creditors

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Eduardo Fernandez-Arias

942: Los Angeles, Mexico City, Cubatao, and Ankara - Efficient environmental regulation: case studies of urban air pollution

Arik Levinson and Sudhir Shetty

941: Projecting the demographic impact of AIDS

Rodolfo Bulatao and Eduard Bos

940: Private sector approaches to effective family planning

Karen G. Foreit

939: How macroeconomic policies affect project performance in the social sectors

Daniel Kaufman and Yan Wang

938: Health, government, and the poor: the case for the private sector

Nancy Birdsall and Estelle James

937: How soft is the budget constraint for Yugoslav firms?

Evan Kraft and Milan Vodopivec

936: Taxation, information asymmetries, and a firm's financing choices

Andrew Lyon

935: The precautionary demand for commodity stocks

Boum-Jong Choe

934: Public hospital costs and quality in the Dominican Republic

Maureen Lewis, Margaret B. Sulvetta and Gerard M. LaForgia

933: Developing country capital structures and emerging stock markets

Asli Demirguc-Kunt

932: Interest rates, official lending, and the debt crisis: a reassessment

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Enrica Detragiache

931: How much to commit to an exchange rate rule: balancing credibility and flexibility

Alex Cukierman, Miguel A. Kiguel and Nissan Liviatan

930: Participatory development: myths and dilemmas

Robert Picciotto

929: Managing pollution control in Brazil: the potential use of taxes and fines by federal and state governments

Antonio Estache and Kangbin Zheng

928: Pesticide externalities, comparative advantage, and commodity trade: cotton in Andhra Pradesh, India

Nalin M. Kishor

927: General equilibrium effects of investment incentives in Mexico

Andrew Feltenstein and Anwar Shah

926: Options for reshaping the railway

Neil E. Moyer and Louis S. Thompson

925: A general equilibrium based social policy model for Cote d'Ivoire

Ngee Choon Chia, Sadek Wahba and John Whalley

924: How reduced demand for children and access to family planning accelerated the fertility decline in Colombia

Rafael Rofman

923: Listening to firms: how to use firm-level surveys to assess constraints on private sector development

Andrew H.W. Stone

922: Central America at a crossroads

Sylvia Saborio and Constantine Michalopoulos

921: Road infrastructure and economic development: some diagnostic indicators

Cesar Queiroz and Surhid Gautam

920: Economic incentives and point source emissions: choice of modeling platform

Raymond Kopp

919: Fiscal and quasi - fiscal deficits, nominal and real: measurement and policy issues

Roberto de Rezende Rocha and Fernando Saldanha

918: Tax evasion and tax reform in a low income economy: general equilibrium estimates for Madagascar

Jaime de Melo, David Roland-Holst and Mona Haddad

917: Creditor country regulations and commercial bank lending to developing countries

Asli Demirguc-Kunt

916: Measuring the risk of default in six highly indebted countries

Marc Chesney and Jacques Morisset

915: Trade policy and exchange rate issues in the former Soviet Union

Warner Corden

914: Health personnel development in sub-Saharan Africa

Patrick J. Vaughan

913: The women's development program in Rajasthan: a case study in group formation for women's development

Maitreyi Das

912: Understanding the investment cycle in adjustment programs: evidence from reforming economies

Andres Solimano

911: Does exchange rate volatility hinder export growth? Additional evidence

Ying Qian and Panos Varangis

910: Policy issues in financial regulation

Dimitri Vittas

909: Parallel markets, the foreign exchange auction, and exchange rate unification in Zambia

Janine Aron and Ibrahim A. Elbadawi

908: Tax incentives, market power,and corporate investment: a rational expectations model applied to Pakistani and Turkish industries

Dagmar Rajagopal and Anwar Shah

907: Institutional reform in emerging securities markets

Robert Pardy

906: Bulgaria's evolving legal framework for private sector development

Cheryl W. Gray and Peter Ianachkov

905: Investing in all the people

Lawrence Summers

904: Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross-country evidence

Nemat Shafik and Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay

903: The economic effects of minimum import prices: with an application to Uruguay

Federico Changanaqui and Patrick Messerlin

902: Public sector"debt distress"in Argentina, 1988-89

Paul Beckerman

901: Opening the capital account: a survey of issues and results

James A. Hanson

900: The relationship between German banks and large German firms

Christian Harm

899: The financing of small firms in Germany

Christian Harm

898: Reforming finance in transitional socialist economies: avoiding the path from shell money to shell games

Gerard Caprio and Ross Levine

897: Unemployment insurance for developing countries

Daniel Hamermesh

896: Achievement evaluation of Colombia's Escuela Nueva: is multigrade the answer?

George Psacharopoulos, Carlos Rojas and Eduardo Velez

895: How can debt swaps be used for development?

Mohua Mukherjee

894: Social indicators and productivity convergence in developing countries

Gregory Ingram

893: The evolving legal framework for private sector activity in Slovenia

Cheryl W. Gray and Franjo D. Stiblar

892: Evaluating the asset based minimum tax on corporations: an option pricing approach

Antonio Estache and Sweder van Wijnbergen

891: Public institutions and private transactions: the legal and regulatory environment for business private transactions in Brazil and Chile

Andrew Stone, Brian Levy and Ricardo Paredes

890: Population, health, and nutrition: fiscal 1991 sector review

Denise Vaillancourt, Janet Nassim and Stacye Brown

889: On-the-job improvements in teacher competence: policy options and their effects on teaching and learning in Thailand

Stephen W. Raudenbush, Suwanna Eamsukkawat, Ikechuku Di-Ibor, Mohamed Kamali and Wimol Taoklam

888: Transformation of agriculture in central Eastern Europe and the former USSR: major policy issues and perspectives

Csaba Csaki

887: Power sharing and pollution control: coordinating policies among levels of government

William Jack

886: Factors that affect short-term commercial bank lending to developing countries

Sudarshan Gooptu and Maria Martinez Peria

885: The impact of EC-92 on developing countries'trade: a dissenting view

Andrew Hughes Hallett

884: Intercommodity price transmittal: analysis offood markets in Ghana

Harold Alderman

883: Malaria: the impact of treated bed nets on childhood mortality in the Gambia

Pedro L. Alonso, Allan G. Hill, Patricia H. David, Greg Fegan, Joanna R.M. Armstrong, Andreas Francisco, K. Cham and Brian M. Greenwood

882: Issues in reforming financial systems in Eastern Europe: the case of Bulgaria

Alfredo Eduardo Thorne

881: Dual and multiple exchange rate systems in developing countries: some empirical evidence

Nita Ghei and Miguel A. Kiguel

880: Exchange rate policy, the real exchange rate, and inflation: lessons from Latin America

Miguel A. Kiguel

879: Comprehensive water resources management: a concept paper

Peter Rogers

878: Adjustment and private investment in Kenya

Kazi M. Matin and Bernard Wasow

877: Assessing gains in efficient production among China's industrial enterprises

Gary Jefferson and Wenyi Xu

876: Old debts and new beginnings: a policy choice in transitional socialist economies

Ross Levine and David Scott

875: Rural finance in developing countries

Jacob Yaron

874: The trade restrictiveness index: an application to Mexican agriculture

James Anderson and Geoffrey Bannister

873: Measure and interpretation of effective protection in the presence of high capital costs: evidence from India

Francois M. Ettori

872: Romania's evolving legal framework for private sector development

Cheryl W. Gray, Rebecca J. Hanson and Peter G. Ianachkov

871: The distribution of the benefits from social services in Indonesia, 1978-87

Dominique van de Walle

870: Economic shocks and the global environment

F. Desmond McCarthy and Ashok Dhareshwar

869: Financing local government in Hungary

Richard Bird and Christine Wallich

868: Mortality reductions from measles and tetanus immunization: a review of the evidence

Michael Koenig

867: The rationale and performance of personal pension plans in Chile

Dimitri Vittas and Augusto Iglesias

866: Regulatory and institutional impacts of securities market computerization

Robert Pardy

865: Food security and health security: explaining the levels of nutrition in Pakistan

Harold Alderman and Marito Garcia

864: Privatization of natural monopoly public enterprises: the regulation issue

Ralph Bradburd

863: Intergovernmental fiscal relations in China

Roy Bahl and Christine Wallich

862: Higher education in Egypt

Alan Richards

861: Private saving in Mexico, 1980-90

Patricio Arrau and Daniel Oks

860: The restrictiveness of the multi-fibre arrangement on Eastern European trade

Refik Erzan and Christopher Holmes

859: Macroeconomic management and the black market for foreign exchange in Sudan

Ibrahim A. Elbadawi

858: Contractual savings and emerging securities markets

Dimitri Vittas

857: The life insurance industry in the United States: an analysis of economic and regulatory issues

Kenneth M. Wright

856: Latin American women's earnings and participation in the labor force

George Psacharopoulos and Zafiris Tzannatos

855: Sovereign debt: a primer

Jonathan Eaton

854: Is there a case for an optimal export tax on perennial crops?

Takamasa Akiyama

853: Policy uncertainty, information asymmetries, and financial intermediation

Gerard Caprio

852: How health insurance affects the delivery of health care in developing countries

Joseph Kutzin and Howard Barnum

851: Sources of World Bank estimates of current mortality rates

Eduard Bos, My T. Vu and Patience W. Stephens

850: Fiscal adjustment and the real exchange rate: the case of Bangladesh

Kazi M. Matin

849: Financial structures and economic development

Ross Levine

848: How EC 1992 and reforms of the common agricultural policy would affect developing countries'grain trade

Merlinda D. Ingco and Donald Mitchell