Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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9543: The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India

Takahiro Yamada, Hiroyuki Yamada and Muthukumara S. Mani

9542: Gender Differences in Children's Antibiotic Use and Adherence

Christine Blandhol and Anja Sautmann

9541: Land Rezoning and Structural Transformation in Rural India: Evidence from the Industrial Areas Program

David Blakeslee, Ritam Chaurey, Ram Fishman and Samreen Malik

9540: Development Research at High Geographic Resolution: An Analysis of Night Lights, Firms, and Poverty in India Using the SHRUG Open Data Platform

Sam Asher, Tobias Lunt, Ryu Matsuura and Paul Michael Novosad

9539: Improving Tax Compliance without Increasing Revenue: Evidence from Population-Wide Randomized Controlled Trials in Papua New Guinea

Christopher Hoy, Luke McKenzie and Mathias Georg Sinning

9538: Tracking Economic Activity in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis Using Nighttime Lights — The Case of Morocco

Mark Roberts

9537: Do Large-Scale Student Assessments Really Capture Cognitive Skills ?

Rafael De Hoyos, Ricardo Estrada and Maria Jose Vargas Mancera

9536: Assessing the Impact and Cost of Economic Inclusion Programs: A Synthesis of Evidence

Boban Varghese Paul, Puja Vasudeva Dutta and Sarang Chaudhary

9535: School Management, Grants, and Test Scores: Experimental Evidence from Mexico

Mauricio Romero, Juan Bedoya, Monica Yanez Pagans, Marcela Lucia Silveyra De La Garza and Rafael De Hoyos

9534: Quantifying Vulnerability to Poverty in the Drought-Prone Lowlands of Ethiopia

Emmanuel Skoufias, Katja Vinha and Berhe Mekonnen Beyene

9533: The Impact of Living Arrangements (In-Camp versus Out-of-Camp) on the Quality of Life: A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Jordan

Chinedu Temple Obi

9532: The Demand for Advice: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Dominik Naeher and Matthias Schundeln

9531: Taming Private Leviathans: Regulation versus Taxation

Rabah Arezki, Asif Islam and Gregoire Rota-Graziosi

9530: Measuring Poverty Rapidly Using Within-Survey Imputations

Utz Pape

9529: The Technology-Employment Trade-Off: Automation, Industry, and Income Effects

Gene Kindberg-Hanlon

9528: "Building Back Better" in Practice: A Science-Policy Framework for a Green Economic Recovery after COVID-19

Theodoros Zachariadis, Elias Giannakis, Constantinos Taliotis, Marios Karmellos, Nestor Fylaktos, Mark Idwal Howells, William James Blyth and Stephane Hallegatte

9527: Exports and Women Workers in Formal Firms

Mohammad Amin and Asif Islam

9526: Roads Development Optimization for All-Season Service Accessibility Improvement in Rural Nepal Using a Novel Cost-Time Model and Evolutionary Algorithm

Andries Michiel Heyns, Robert Steven Banick and Suraj Regmi

9525: Technology and Demand Drivers of Productivity Dynamics in Developed and Emerging Market Economies

Alistair Dieppe, Neville Ricardo Francis and Gene Kindberg-Hanlon

9524: Macroeconomic Expectations and Credit Card Spending

Mikhail Galashin, Martin Kanz and Ricardo Perez Truglia

9523: Identification Properties for Estimating the Impact of Regulation on Markups and Productivity

James Sampi, Charl Jooste and Ekaterina Vostroknutova

9522: Does Central Bank Independence Increase Inequality?

Michaël Aklin, Andreas Kern and Mario Negre

9521: The Unintended Consequences of Deportations: Evidence from Firm Behavior in El Salvador

Antonella Agostina Bandiera, Lelys Dinarte Diaz, Sandra Rozo, Carlos Schmidt-Padilla, Maria Micaela Sviatschi and Hernan Winkler

9520: Investment Impacts of Gendered Land Rights in Customary Tenure Systems: Substantive and Methodological Insights from Malawi

Klaus Deininger, Fang Xia, Talip Kilic and Heather G. Moylan

9519: Using Mobile Data to Understand Urban Mobility Patterns in Freetown, Sierra Leone

Fatima Arroyo Arroyo, Marta Fernandez Gonzalez, Dunstan Matekenya and Xavier Espinet Alegre

9518: A Reappraisal of the Migration-Development Nexus: Testing the Robustness of the Migration Transition Hypothesis

Naomi Leefmans, Nienke Oomes, Hugo Alexander Rojas Romagosa, Tobias Vervliet and Nicolas Berthiaume

9517: The Impact of Language of Instruction in Schools on Student Achievement: Evidence from Malaysia Using the Synthetic Control Method

Yew Chong Soh, Ximena Del Carpio and Liang Wang

9516: Competition Reform and Household Welfare: A Microsimulation Analysis of the Telecommunication Sector in Ethiopia

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Eduardo Malásquez, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa and Abdelkrim Araar

9515: Does Competition from Informal Firms Hurt Job Creation by Formal Firms ? Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data

Mohammad Amin

9514: Coping with COVID-19: Does Management Make Firms More Resilient ?

Arti Goswami Grover and Valerie Jean Karplus

9513: Have Remittances Affected Real Unit Labor Costs in the Transition Economies of Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia ?

Jimmy Apaa Okello, Martin Brownbridge and Roy S. Canagarajah

9512: Characterization of Ambient Air Quality in Selected Urban Areas in Uganda: A Low-Cost Approach

Nancy Lozano Gracia, Engineer Bainomugisha, Maria Edisa Soppelsa and Deo Okure

9511: COVID-19, Public Procurement Regimes, and Trade Policy

Varun Eknath, Bernard Hoekman, Viktoriya Ereshchenko and Anirudh Shingal

9510: The Early Labor Market Impacts of COVID-19 in Developing Countries: Evidence from High-Frequency Phone Surveys

Amparo Palacios-Lopez, David Newhouse, Utz Pape, Melanie Khamis, Michael Weber and Daniel Prinz

9509: Incentives for Mayors to Improve Learning: Evidence from state reforms in Ceará, Brazil

Ildo Jose Lautharte Junior, Victor Hugo de Oliveira and Andre Loureiro

9508: Pandemic Trade: Covid-19, Remote Work and Global Value Chains

Alvaro Raul Espitia Rueda, Michele Ruta, Nadia Rocha, Deborah Elisabeth Winkler and Aaditya Mattoo

9507: Trickle Down Tax Morale: A Cross Country Survey Experiment

Jonathan Mellon, Tiago Carneiro Peixoto, Fredrik Matias Sjoberg and Varun Gauri

9506: Policies to Support Businesses through the COVID-19 Shock: A Firm-Level Perspective

Xavier Cirera, Marcio Cruz, Elwyn Adriaan Robin Davies, Arti Goswami Grover, Leonardo Iacovone, Jose Ernesto Lopez Cordova, Denis Medvedev, Franklin Maduko, Gaurav Nayyar, Santiago Reyes Ortega and Jesica Torres

9505: Macroeconomic Modeling of Managing Hurricane Damage in the Caribbean: The Case of Jamaica

Andrew Burns, Charl Jooste and Gregor Schwerhoff

9504: The Impact of Flooding on Urban Transit and Accessibility: A Case Study of Kinshasa

Yiyi He, Stephan Fabian Thies, Paolo Avner and Jun Erik Maruyama Rentschler

9503: Impacts of COVID-19 on Household Welfare in Tunisia

Deeksha Kokas, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo, AbdelRahmen El Lahga and Vibhuti Mendiratta

9502: Improving Business Practices and the Boundary of the Entrepreneur: A Randomized Experiment Comparing Training, Consulting, Insourcing and Outsourcing

Stephen J. Anderson and David McKenzie

9501: Bilateral International Investments: The Big Sur ?

Fernando Broner, Tatiana Didier Brandao, Sergio Schmukler and Goetz von Peter

9500: Do Immigrants Push Natives towards Safer Jobs ? Exposure to COVID-19 in the European Union

Laurent Bossavie, Daniel Garrote Sanchez, Mattia Makovec and Caglar Ozden

9499: Assessing the Effects of Fiscal Policies on Poverty and Inequality: The Case of Uruguay

Marisa Bucheli, Gabriel Lara Ibarra and Diego Tuzman Fernandez

9498: Trade Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: Evidence from a New Data Set

Simon J. Evenett, Matteo Fiorini, Johannes Fritz, Bernard Hoekman, Piotr Lukaszuk, Nadia Rocha, Michele Ruta, Filippo Santi and Anirudh Shingal

9497: Taking Stock of the Financial Sector Policy Response to COVID-19 around the World

Erik H.B. Feyen, Tatiana Alonso Gispert, Tatsiana Kliatskova and Davide Salvatore Mare

9496: Actual and Potential Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific: Estimated Effects

Michael Joseph Ferrantino, Maryla Maliszewska and Svitlana Taran

9494: Economic Growth in European Union NUTS-3 Regions

Austin Francis Louis Kilroy and Roberto Ganau

9493: Data Transparency and Long-Run Growth

Asif Islam and Daniel Lederman

9492: Texting Parents about Early Child Development: Behavioral Changes and Unintended Social Effects

Oscar Barrera-Rodriguez, Karen Macours, Patrick Premand and Renos Vakis

9491: Measuring Total Factor Productivity Using the Enterprise Surveys: A Methodological Note

David C. Francis, Nona Karalashvili, Hibret Maemir and Jorge Rodriguez Meza

9490: Do Coronavirus Containment Measures Work ? Worldwide Evidence

Fernando Heber Blanco, Drilona Emrullahu and Raimundo Soto

9489: Dynamics and Synchronization of Global Equilibrium Interest Rates

Robert Beyer and Lazar Milivojevic

9488: Applying Machine Learning and Geolocation Techniques to Social Media Data (Twitter) to Develop a Resource for Urban Planning

Svetoslava Petkova Milusheva, Robert Andrew Marty, Guadalupe Bedoya Arguelles, Sarah Elizabeth Williams, Elizabeth Landsdowne Resor and Arianna Legovini

9487: Corporate Market Power in Romania: Assessing Recent Trends, Drivers, and Implications for Competition

Mariana Iootty, Georgiana Pop and Jorge O. Pena

9486: Subsidies, Information, and the Timing of Children’s Health Care in Mali

Anja Sautmann, Samuel Brown and Dean Mark Kline

9485: Lights Out ? COVID-19 Containment Policies and Economic Activity

Robert Beyer, Tarun Jain and Sonalika Sinha

9484: The Determinants of Regional Foreign Direct Investment and Its Spatial Dependence: Evidence from Tunisia

Bechir Naier Bouzid and Sofiene Toumi

9483: Productivity Loss and Misallocation of Resources in Southeast Asia

Francesca de Nicola, Ha Nguyen and Norman Loayza

9482: Does Patient Demand Contribute to the Overuse of Prescription Drugs ?

Carolina Pereira Lopez, Anja Sautmann and Simone Gabrielle Schaner

9481: Scarred but Wiser: World War 2's COVID Legacy

Michael Lokshin, Vladimir Kolchin and Martin Ravallion

9480: Opening-up Trajectories and Economic Recovery: Lessons after the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Michael Lokshin and Iván Torre

9479: Does Maternal Depression Undermine Childhood Cognitive Development? Evidence from the Young Lives Survey in Peru

Maria Magdalena Bendini and Lelys Dinarte Diaz

9478: Ex-Ante Evaluation of Sub-National Labor Market Impacts of Trade Reforms

Maryla Maliszewska, Israel Osorio-Rodarte and Rakesh Gupta Nichanametla Ramasubbaiah

9477: The Employment Effect of Place-Based Policies: Evidence from India

Yue - ETICI Li and Sutirtha Roy

9476: Technology Within and Across Firms

Xavier Cirera, Diego Comin, Marcio Cruz and Kyungmin Lee

9475: COVID-19 and Food Security in Ethiopia: Do Social Protection Programs Protect ?

Kibrom Abay, Guush Berhane, John Hoddinott and Kibrom Tafere

9474: The Coronavirus Pandemic and Food Security: Evidence from West Africa

Guigonan Serge Adjognon, Jeffrey Bloem and Aly Sanoh

9473: Do Cash Transfers Foster Resilience ? Evidence from Rural Niger

Patrick Premand and Quentin Stoeffler

9472: Economic Crises and Returns to University Education in Middle-Income Countries: Stylized Facts and COVID-19 Projections

Tazeen Fasih, Harry Patrinos and M. Najeeb Shafiq

9471: Children on the Move: Progressive Redistribution of Humanitarian Cash Transfers among Refugees

Berk Özler, Cigdem Celik, Scott Cunningham, Pablo Facundo Cuevas and Luca Parisotto

9470: The Interplay of Policy, Institutions, and Culture in the Time of Covid-19

Sheng Fang, Lixin Xu and Yuanyuan Yi

9469: Building Trust in the State with Information: Evidence from Urban Punjab

Adnan Khan, Sanval Nasim, Mahvish Ifrah Shaukat and Andreas Stegmann

9468: The Drivers of Firms' Compliance to Environmental Regulations: The Case of India

Sebastian Franco Bedoya and Muthukumara S. Mani

9467: Poverty Alleviation and Interhousehold Transfers: Evidence from BRAC's Graduation Program in Bangladesh

Selim Gulesci

9466: Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 in Four African Countries

Anna Josephson, Talip Kilic and Jeffrey Michler

9465: In Light of What They Know: How do Local Leaders Make Targeting Decisions?

Ervin Dervisevic, Seth Aaron Levine Garz, Aneesh Mannava and Elizaveta Perova

9464: The Rural-Urban Divide and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in a Developing Country: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia

Md Nazmul Ahsan, M. Shahe Emran and Forhad J. Shilpi

9463: From Farms to Factories and Firms: Structural Transformation and Labor Productivity Growth in Malaysia

Amanina Binti Abdur Rahman and Achim Schmillen

9462: Promoting Parental Involvement in Schools: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments

Felipe Barrera-Osorio, Paul J. Gertler, Nozomi Nakajima and Harry Patrinos

9461: Using Experimental Evidence to Inform Firm Support Programs in Developing Countries

Arti Goswami Grover and Michele Imbruno

9460: Credit Constraints and Fraud Victimization: Evidence from a Representative Chinese Household Survey

Nan Gao, Yuanyuan Ma and Lixin Xu

9459: Tracing the Local Impacts of Exports on Poverty and Inequality in Mexico

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Vazquez and Hernan Winkler

9458: Measuring Human Capital in Europe and Central Asia

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ivan Torre

9457: Interest Rate Repression: A New Database

Pietro Calice, Federico Alfonso Diaz Kalan and Oliver Masetti

9456: Feeling Poor, Feeling Rich, or Feeling Middle-Class: An Empirical Investigation

Maurizio Bussolo, Mathilde Sylvie Maria Lebrand and Ivan Torre

9455: Conflict and Poverty

Hannes Mueller and Chanon Techasunthornwat

9454: Big Sisters

Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Lia C. Fernald and Heather Ashley Knauer

9453: Saving for Dowry: Evidence from Rural India

S Anukriti, Sungoh Kwon and Nishith Prakash

9452: Complex Decisions between Care and Paid Work: A Qualitative Study on the Demand for ChildcareServices in Mexico City

Miriam Muller and Martha Jaen

9451: Measuring the Biases, Burdens, and Barriers Women Entrepreneurs Endure in Myanmar

Chiara Dall'Aglio, Fayavar Hayati and David James Lee

9450: How to Improve Education Outcomes Most Efficiently ? A Comparison of 150 Interventions Using theNew Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling Metric

Noam Angrist, David Evans, Deon Filmer, Rachel Glennerster, Frederic Rogers and Shwetlena Sabarwal

9449: The Role of Gender in Agent Banking: Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Richard Chamboko, Robert Cull, Xavier Gine, Soren Heitmann, Fabian Reitzug and Morne Van Der Westhuizen

9448: Estimating the Magnitude of Water Supply and Sanitation Subsidies

Luis Andres, Gonzalo Espineira, George Joseph, German Eduardo Sember and Michael David Thibert

9447: People in Harm's Way: Flood Exposure and Poverty in 189 Countries

Jun Erik Maruyama Rentschler and Melda Salhab

9446: Learning Poverty: Measures and Simulations

João Pedro Azevedo

9445: Political Dividends of Digital Participatory Governance: Evidence from Moscow Pothole Management

Nisan Gorgulu, Gulnaz Sharafutdinova and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

9444: Women's Legal Rights and Gender Gaps in Property Ownership in Developing Countries

Isis Gaddis, Rahul Suresh Lahoti and Hema Swaminathan

9443: Supporting Carbon Tax Implementation in Developing Countries through Results-Based Payments for Emissions Reductions

Jon Strand