Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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2185: Financial sector inefficiencies and coordination failures: implications for crisis management

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Joshua Aizenman

2184: Financial services and the World Trade Organization - liberalization commitments of the developing and transition economies

Aaditya Mattoo

2183: Market discipline and financial safety net design

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Harry Huizinga

2182: The integration of transition economies into the world trading system

Constantine Michalopoulos

2181: Privatization and regulation of the seaport industry

Lourdes Trujillo and Gustavo Nombela

2180: Regulating privatized infrastructures and airport services

Ofelia Betancor and Robert Rendeiro

2179: How child labor and child schooling interact with adult labor

Ranjan Ray

2178: Nonfarm income, inequality, and land in Rural Egypt

Richard Adams

2177: Fiscal adjustment and contingent government liabilities: case studies of the Czech Republic and Macedonia

Hana Brixi, Hafez Ghanem and Roumeen Islam

2176: Fiscal risks and the quality of fiscal adjustment in Hungary

Hana Brixi, Anita Papp and Allen Schick

2175: Sector growth and the dual economy model - evidence from Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Zimbabwe

Niels-Hugo (Hugo) Blunch and Dorte Verner

2174: Prospective deficits and the asian currency crisis

Craig Burnside, Martin Eichenbaum and Sergio Rebelo

2173: The intriguing relation between adult minimum wage and child labor

Kaushik Basu

2172: The East Asian crisis: investigating causes and policy responses

Warwick McKibbin and Will Marin

2171: Productivity growth and convergence in agriculture and manufacturing

Will Martin and Devashish Mitra

2170: The distributional consequences of monetary policy: evidence from Malaysia

Ilker Domac

2169: Corruption, public finances, and the unofficial economy

Simon Johnson, Daniel Kaufmann and Pablo Zoido-Lobaton

2168: Wage and productivity gaps - evidence from Ghana

Dorte Verner

2167: Bonds and bridges: social and poverty

Deepa Narayan

2166: Seeking votes - the political economy of expenditures by the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES), 1991-95

Norbert Schady

2165: The Russian city in transition - the first six years in ten Volga capitals

Martha de Melo and Gur Ofer

2164: Challenging El Salvador's rural health care strategy

Maureen Lewis, Gunnar Eskeland and Ximena Traa-Valerezo

2163: Coverage under old-agesecurity programs and protection for the uninsured - What are the issues?

Estelle James

2162: Quantifying the fiscal effects of trade reform

Shantayanan Devarajan, Delfin Go and Hongyi Li

2161: Will the real"natural trading partner"please stand up?

Maurice Schiff

2160: Protecting the poor from macroeconomic shocks

Francisco Ferreira, Giovanna Prennushi and Martin Ravallion

2159: Provincial bank privatization in Argentina: the why, how, and"so what"?

George Clarke and Robert Cull

2158: The effect of foreign entry on Argentina's domestic banking sector

George Clarke, Robert Cull, Laura D'Amato and Andrea Molinari

2157: How regional blocs affect excluded countries - the price effects of MERCOSUR

Won Chang and L. Winters

2156: How has regionalism in the 1990s affected trade?

Isidro Soloaga and L. Winters

2155: Lending booms, reserves, and the sustainability of short-term debt - inferences from the pricing of syndicated bank loans

Barry Eichengreen and Ashoka Mody

2154: Inter-industry labor mobility in Taiwan, China

Howard Pack and Christina Paxson

2153: Themystery of the vanishing benefits: Ms. Speedy Analyst's introduction to evaluation

Martin Ravallion

2152: Comparing the performance of public and private water companies in the Asia and Pacific region: what a stochastic costs frontier shows

Antonio Estache and Martín Rossi

2151: A few things transport regulators should know about risk and the cost of capital

Ian Alexander, Antonio Estache and Adele Oliveri

2150: Who wants to redistribute? Russia's tunnel effect in the 1990's

Martin Ravallion and Michael Lokshin

2149: Income gains to the poor from workfare - estimates for Argentina's TRABAJAR Program

Jyotsna Jalan and Martin Ravallion

2148: Social capital, houshold welfare, and poverty in Indonesia

Christiaan Grootaert

2147: Developing country goals and strategies for the Millennium Round

Constantine Michalopoulos

2146: A new database on financial development and structure

Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

2145: Assessing the impact of micro-credit on poverty and vulnerability in Bangladesh

Hassan Zaman

2144: Aid dependence reconsidered

Jean-Paul Azam, Shantayanan Devarajan and O'Connell

2143: Bank-based and market-based financial systems - cross-country comparisons

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

2142: Adjusting to trade policy reform

Steven Matusz and David Tarr

2141: Capital flows, macroeconomic management, and the financial system - Turkey, 1989-97

Oya Celasun, Cevdet Denizer and Dong He

2140: Gender bias in China, the Republic of Korea, and India 1920-90 - effects of war, famine, and fertility decline

Monica Das Gupta and Li Shuzhuo

2139: Small states, small problems?

William Easterly and Aart Kraay

2138: Multilateral disciplines for investment-related policies

Bernard Hoekman and Kamal Saggi

2137: Globalization and national development at the end ot the 20th century - tensions and challenges

Andres Solimano

2136: An empirical analysis ofcompetition, privatization, and regulation in telecommunications markets in Africa and Latin America

Scott J. Wallsten

2135: Hungary's integration into European Union markets - production and trade restructuring

Bartlomiej Kaminski

2134: Interlinkage, limited liability, and strategic interaction

Kaushik Basu, Clive Bell and Pinaki Bose

2133: Resolution of corporate distress - evidence from East Asia's financial crisis

Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov and Leora Klapper

2132: A regime - switching approach to studying speculative attacks: focus on European Monetary System crises

Maria Soledad Martinez Peria

2131: Efficiency wage and union effects in labor demand and wage structure in Mexico - An application of quantile analysis

William Maloney and Eduardo Ribeiro

2130: Deep integration, nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean free trade

Bernard Hoekman and Denise Konan

2129: Agricultural extension - generic challenges and the ingredients for solutions

Gershon Feder, Anthony Willett and Willem Zijp

2128: Learning outcomes and school cost-effectiveness in Mexico: the PARE program

Gladys Lopez Acevedo

2127: Lifeboat ethics versus corporate ethics - social and demographic implications of stem and joint families

Monica Das Gupta

2126: Liberte, egalite, fraternite: exploring the role of governance in fertility decline

Monica Das Gupta

2125: Developing country agriculture and the new trade agenda

Bernard Hoekman and Kym Anderson

2124: Social exclusion and land administration in Orissa, India

Robin Mearns and Saurabh Sinha

2123: Access to land in rural India - policy issues and options

Robin Mearns

2122: Decentralization and fiscal management in Colombia

William Dillinger and Steven B. Webb

2121: Fiscal management in federal democracies: Argentina and Brazil

William R. Dillinger and Steven Benjamin Webb

2120: Can Africa export manufactures? The role of endowment, exchange rates, and transaction costs

Ibrahim A. Elbadawi

2119: Tax deductions, environmental policy, and the"double dividend"hypothesis

Ian Parry and Antonio Bento

2118: Developing countries and the next round of multilateral trade negotiations

Anne O. Krueger

2117: On the size and number of regional integration arrangements - a political economy model

Soamiely Andriamananjara

2116: Does child labor displace schooling? - evidence on behavioral responses to an enrollment subsidy

Martin Ravallion and Quentin Wodon

2115: Foreign investment and productivity growth in Czech enterprises

Simeon Djankov and Bernard Hoekman

2114: Economic reforms and total factor productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (1950-95) - an empirical note

Pablo Fajnzylber and Daniel Lederman

2113: Wage determination and gender discrimination in a transition economy: the case of Romania

Stefano Paternostro and David Sahn

2112: Industrial policy after the East Asian crisis - from"outward orientation"to new internal capabilities?

Ashoka Mody

2111: Agricultural land reform in postwar Japan: experiences and issues

Toshihiko Kawagoe

2110: Life during growth: international evidence on quality of life and per capita income

William Easterly

2109: When is fiscal adjustment an illusion?

William Easterly

2108: Public goods and ethnic divisions

Alberto Alesina, Reza Baqir and William Easterly

2107: Approaches to liberalizing services

Sherry M. Stephenson

2106: Subjective economic welfare

Martin Ravallion and Michael Lokshin

2105: Wage rates and job queues - does the public sector overpay in Ethiopia?

Taye Mengistae

2104: The relative effects of skill formation and job matching on wage growth in Ethiopia

Taye Mengistae

2103: Was the credit channel a key monetary transmission mechanism following the recent financial crisis in the Republic of Korea?

Hyun E. Kim

2102: Self-employment and labor turnover - cross-country evidence

William Maloney

2101: Are wages and productivity in Zimbabwe affected by human capital investment and international trade?

Dorte Verner

2100: Decentralization in regional fiscal systems in Russia - trends and links to economic performance

Lev Freinkman and Plamen Yossifov

2099: Mutual funds and institutional investments - what is the most efficient way to set up individual accounts in a social security system?

Estelle James, Gary Ferrier, James Smalhout and Dimitri Vittas

2098: Reconsidering the evidence on returns to T&V extension in Kenya

Madhur Gautam and Jack R. Anderson

2097: The theory of access pricing: an overview for infrastructure regulators

Tommaso Valletti and Antonio Estache

2096: Reforming the urban transport sector in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region - a case study in concessions

Jorge M. Rebelo

2095: Ten years of post-socialist transition lessons for policy reform

Grzegorz W. Koldko

2094: What triggers market jitters? A chronicle of the Asian crisis

Graciela Kaminsky and Sergio Schmukler

2093: Free entry in infrastructure

David Ehrhardt and Rebecca Burdon

2092: What does aid to Africa finance?

Shantayanan Devarajan, Andrew Sunil Rajkumar and Vinaya Swaroop

2091: Beyond unequal development: an overview

Andres Solimano

2090: Risks, lessons learned, and secondary markets for greenhouse gas reductions

Donald Larson and Paul Parks

2089: Corporate diversification in East Asia: the role of ultimate ownership and group affiliation

Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan and Larry Lang

2088: Expropriation of minority shareholders: evidence from East Asia

Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan and Larry Lang

2087: Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition to market: the case of Estonia and Slovenia

Peter Orazem and Milan Vodopivec

2086: Deregulating technology transfer in agriculture: reform's impact on turkey in the 1980s

David Gisselquist and Carl Pray