Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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10286: Does Market Integration Increase Rural Land Inequality ? Evidence from India

Claudia N. Berg, Brian Blankespoor, M. Shahe Emran and Forhad J. Shilpi

10285: Growing Up Together: Sibling Correlation, Parental Influence, and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Developing Countries

Md. Nazmul Ahsan, M. Shahe Emran, Hanchen Jiang, Qingyang Han and Forhad J. Shilpi

10284: Firms’ Digitalization during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tale of Two Stories

Edgar Itamar Avalos Almanza, Xavier Cirera, Marcio Cruz, Leonardo Iacovone, Denis Medvedev, Gaurav Nayyar and Santiago Reyes Ortega

10283: Understanding the Global Drivers of Inflation: How Important Are Oil Prices ?

Jongrim Ha, Ayhan Kose, Franziska Lieselotte Ohnsorge and Hakan Yilmazkuday

10282: Gendered Laws and Women’s Financial Inclusion

Caroline Sabine Marie Perrin and Marie Caitriona Hyland

10281: Do Cash Transfer Programs Protect from Poverty in the Case of Aggregate Shocks ? A Study on Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines

Tobias Pfutze

10280: Digital Technology Uses among Microenterprises: Why Is Productive Use So Low across Sub-Saharan Africa ?

Izak Atiyas and Mark Andrew Dutz

10279: Job Displacement and Reallocation Failure: Evidence from Climate Shocks in Morocco

Federica Alfani, Vasco Molini, Giacomo Pallante and Alessandro Palma

10278: Outcomes for Internally Displaced Persons and Refugees in Low and Middle-Income Countries

Kirsten Schuettler and Quy-Toan Do

10277: Deep Trade Agreements and Heterogeneous Firms Exports

Matteo Neri--Lainé, Gianluca Orefice and Michele Ruta

10276: What Makes an Investment Promotion Agency Effective ? Findings from a Structural Gravity Model

Victor Steenbergen

10275: The Evolution of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Survey Data

Philip Randolph Wollburg, Yannick Markhof, Shelton Sofiel Elisa Kanyanda and Alberto Zezza

10274: Bayesian Impact Evaluation with Informative Priors: An Application to a Colombian Management and Export Improvement Program

Leonardo Iacovone, David McKenzie and Rachael Meager

10273: Bank Bailouts and Fiscal Contingent Liabilities

Davide Salvatore Mare, Martin Melecký and Hanna Murina

10272: Droughts and Welfare in Afghanistan

Nishtha Kochhar and Erwin Willem Yvonnick Leon Knippenberg

10271: Trade Policies and Sea and Air freight: The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports

Socrates Kraido Majune and Angella Montfaucon

10270: Climate Change Regulations: Bank Lending and Real Effects

Faruk Miguel Liriano, Alvaro Enrique Pedraza Morales and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

10269: Cartels, Antitrust Enforcement, and Industry Performance: Evidence from Mexico

Tristan Reed, Mariana De La Paz Pereira Lopez, Ana Francisca Urrutia Arrieta and Leonardo Iacovone

10268: Understanding the Distributional Impacts of Increases in Fuel Prices on Poverty and Inequality in Paraguay

Gustavo Javier Canavire Bacarreza, Lyliana Gayoso de Ervin, Juan José Galeano and Juan Pablo Baquero

10267: Dreams and Barriers: Aspirations, Expectations, and Schooling Outcomes of Indonesian Students

Hillary C. Johnson and Noel Muller

10266: Global Bank Lending under Climate Policy

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Alvaro Enrique Pedraza Morales, Fredy Pulga and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

10265: Firm Heterogeneity and the Impact of Payroll Taxes

Anikó Bíró, Réka Branyiczki, Attila Lindner, Lili Márk and Daniel Prinz

10264: Machine Learning and Sensitivity Analysis Approach to Quantify Uncertainty in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

Mohammed Adam Abbaker Basheer, Thomas Oommen, Masatsugu Takamatsu and Sachi Suzuki

10263: Policy Options for Broadband Infrastructure Strategies: A Simulation Model for Affordable Universal Broadband in Africa

Edward J. Oughton

10262: Are All State-Owned Enterprises Equal ? A Taxonomy of Economic Activities to Assess SOE Presence in the Economy

Andrea Mario Dall'Olio, Tanja K. Goodwin, Martha Martinez Licetti, Ana Cristina Alonso Soria, Maciej Adam Drozd, Jan Alexander Kazimierz Orlowski, Fausto Andres Patino Pena and Dennis Sanchez Navarro

10261: Using ORBIS to Build a Global Database of Firms with State Participation

Andrea Mario Dall'Olio, Tanja K. Goodwin, Martha Martinez Licetti, Jan Alexander Kazimierz Orlowski, Fausto Andres Patino Pena, Francis Ralambotsiferana Ratsimbazafy and Dennis Sanchez Navarro

10260: Factors Explaining Child Work and Education in Myanmar

Chiara Dall'Aglio, Emilie Bernadette Perge and Clarence Tsimpo

10259: The Impact of COVID-19 on Education in Latin America: Long-Run Implications for Poverty and Inequality

Jessica Roxana Bracco, Matías Ciaschi, Leonardo Carlos Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni and Guido Neidhöfer

10258: How Do Rising U.S. Interest Rates Affect Emerging and Developing Economies ? It Depends

Carlos Arteta, Steven Brian Kamin and Franz Ulrich Ruch

10257: Integrating Survey and Geospatial Data to Identify the Poor and Vulnerable: Evidence from Malawi

Melany Gualavisi and David Newhouse

10256: Capacity Building as a Route to Export Market Expansion: A Six-Country Experiment in the Western Balkans∗

Ana Paula Cusolito, Ornella Darova and David McKenzie

10255: Fewer Questions, More Answers: Truncated Early Stopping for Proxy Means Testing

Tim Julian Ohlenburg, Juul Pinxten, Daniel Fricke and Fabio Caccioli

10254: Combining Remote Sensing and Cell Phone Users’ Mobility Data to Monitor the Impact of Transportation on NO2 Concentrations in India

Corbett Alden Grainger, Adam Eliot Theising and Fan Zhang

10253: Capturing the Educational and Economic Impacts of School Closures in Poland

Tomasz Gajderowicz, Maciej Jakubowski, Harry Patrinos and Sylwia Michalina Wrona

10252: Program Targeting with Machine Learning and Mobile Phone Data: Evidence from an Anti-Poverty Intervention in Afghanistan

Emily L. Aiken, Guadalupe Bedoya Arguelles, Joshua Evan Blumenstock and Aidan Coville

10251: Asset Transfers and Anti-Poverty Programs: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania

Sarah Jane Baird, Craig Mcintosh, Berk Özler and Utz Pape

10250: Field and Natural Experiments in Migration

David McKenzie and Dean Yang

10249: Did the 2018 Trade War Improve Job Opportunities for US Workers ?

Beata Javorcik, Katherine Anne Stapleton, Benjamin Robert Kett and O’Kane,Layla

10248: Information and Spillovers from Targeting Policy in Peru's Anchoveta Fishery

Aaron Gabriel Ratliffe Englander

10247: Agricultural Productivity and Poverty in Rural Sudan

Haseeb Ali, Alvin Etang Ndip, Habtamu Neda Fuje and Sering Touray

10246: Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan: Opportunities for Human Capital Development through Multisectoral Approaches

Alvin Etang Ndip and Sering Touray

10245: Women Empowerment for Poverty and Inequality Reduction in Sudan

Eiman Adil Mohamed Osman, Alvin Etang Ndip and Daniel John Kirkwood

10244: Towards a More Inclusive Economy: Understanding the Barriers Sudanese Women and Youth Face in Accessing Employment Opportunities

Alvin Etang Ndip, Jonna Maria Lundvall, Eiman Adil Mohamed Osman and Jennifer Solveig Wistrand

10243: Shocks and Household Welfare in Sudan

Alvin Etang Ndip and Sering Touray

10242: Interviewer Design Effects in Household Surveys: Evidence from Sudan

Alvin Etang Ndip, Habtamu Neda Fuje and Christopher Nathanael Root

10241: A Proxy Means Test for Targeted Social Protection Programs in Sudan

Alvin Etang Ndip, Paul Alan Ervin and Suleiman Namara

10240: Wave Reduction by Mangroves during Cyclones in Bangladesh: Implementing Nature-Based Solutions for Coastal Resilience

Alejandra Gijón Mancheño, Vincent Vuik, Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck, Jonkman,S.N. (Bas), Roelof Moll, Swarna Kazi, Ignacio M. Urrutia Duarte and Mathijs Van Ledden

10239: The Effects of Childcare on Women and Children: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Burkina Faso

Kehinde Ajayi, Aziz Dao and Mousson Estelle Jamel Koussoube

10238: Legacies of Conflict: Experiences, Self-efficacy and the Formation of Conditional Trust

Niklas Buehren, Markus P. Goldstein, Imran Rasul and Andrea Smurra

10237: Scarcity Nationalism during COVID-19: Identifying the Impact on Trade Costs

Peter Egger, Gerard Masllorens, Nadia Patrizia Rocha Gaffurri and Michele Ruta

10236: Pollution and Labor Productivity: Evidence from Chilean Cities

Charl Jooste, Ted Paul Loch Temzelides, James Sampi and Hasan Dudu

10235: Give Me a Pass: Flexible Credit for Entrepreneurs in Colombia

Lasse Florian Brune, Xavier Gine and Dean Karlan

10234: Can Temporary Wage Incentives Increase Formal Employment ? Experimental Evidence from Mexico

Martin Abel, Eliana Carranza, Kimberly Jean Geronimo and Maria Elena Ortega Hesles

10233: Deconstructing the Missing Middle: Informality and Growth of Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa

Kaleb Girma Abreha, Xavier Cirera, Elwyn Adriaan Robin Davies, Roberto Fattal Jaef and Hibret Maemir

10232: An Exploration of Climate-Related Financial Risks for Credit Guarantee Schemes in Europe

Pietro Calice and Jan Reinders

10231: Outlier Detection for Welfare Analysis

Federico Belotti, Giulia Mancini and Giovanni Vecchi

10230: Evening the Credit Score ? Impact of Psychometric Loan Appraisal for Women Entrepreneurs

Aly Salman Alibhai, Rachel Margaret Cassidy, Markus P. Goldstein and Sreelakshmi Papineni

10229: Revisiting Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

David B. Audretsch, Marcio Cruz and Jesica Torres Coronado

10228: Customer Discrimination in the Workplace: Evidence from Online Sales

Erin Munro Kelley, Gregory Lane, Matthew Giovanni Pecenco and Edward Rubin

10227: Latin America’s Growth: Looking through the Demand Glass

Augusto de la Torre and Alain Ize

10226: Cartels in Infrastructure Procurement — Evidence from Lebanon

Mounir Mahmalat and Wassim Maktabi

10225: Spillover Effects of China’s Trade and Growth Shocks on ASEAN countries: Evidence from a GVAR Model

Nazmus Khan

10224: Tracking Methane Emissions by Satellite: A New World Bank Database andCase Study for Irrigated Rice Production

Susmita Dasgupta, Somik V. Lall and David Wheeler

10223: Firm Entry, Exit and Suspension: Evidence from Household Businesses in Vietnam

Ergys Islamaj, Duong Trung Le and Thanh Minh Pham

10222: Rebel Governance and Development: The Persistent Effects of Guerrillas in El Salvador

Antonella Agostina Bandiera, Lelys Ileana Dinarte Diaz, Juan Miguel Jimenez, Sandra Viviana Rozo Villarraga and Maria Micaela Sviatschi

10221: Risks to Child Development and School Readiness among Children under Six in Pakistan: Findings from a Nationally Representative Phone Survey

Elizabeth Lauren Hentschel, Heather B. Tomlinson, Amer Hasan, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai, Amna Ansari, Mahreen Tahir Chowdhry and Mina Zamand

10220: Infrastructure Matters: Complementarities with the Quality of Health Service Delivery in Kenya

Laura Natalia Becerra Luna, Mathilde Sylvie Maria Lebrand, Nino Pkhikidze and Andres Yi Chang

10219: Is International Trade Always Beneficial to Labor Markets ? A Case Study from Egypt

Raymond Robertson, Mexico Alberto Vergara Bahena and Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo

10218: Learning Losses during COVID-19: Global Estimates of an Invisible and Unequal Crisis

João Pedro Azevedo, Maryam Akmal, Marie-Helene Cloutier, Frederic Rogers and Yi Ning Wong

10217: The True Cost of War

Erhan Artuc, Nicolas Gomez Parra and Harun Onder

10216: Higher Levels of No-Till Agriculture Associated with Lower PM2.5 in the Corn Belt

Arnold Behrer and David Lobell

10215: The Evolution of Maternity and Paternity Leave Policies over Five Decades — A Global Analysis

Marie Caitriona Hyland and Liang Shen

10214: Electoral Cycles and Public Spending during the Pandemic

Michael Lokshin, Aylen Rodriguez Ferrari and Ivan Torre

10213: Exports and Labor Demand: Evidence from Egyptian Firm-Level Data

Claudia N. Berg, Raymond Robertson and Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo

10212: Radical Climate Policies

Frederick (Rick) van der Ploeg and Anthony Venables

10211: Trade Agreements in South Asia: Towards a Successful Story in the Developing World

Sebastian Franco Bedoya

10210: Impact of High Inflation on Household Livelihoods in Urban South Sudan

Alvin Etang Ndip, Mahunan Thierry Hounsa and Utz Pape

10209: Identifying the Poor — Accounting for Household Economies of Scale in Global Poverty Estimates

Dean Jolliffe and Samuel Kofi Tetteh Baah

10208: Understanding Informality: Comprehensive Business-Level Data and Descriptive Findings

Adam Aberra, Gemechu A. Aga, Filip Jolevski and Nona Karalashvili

10207: Should Electricity Market Designs Be Improved to Drive Decarbonization ?

Debabrata Chattopadhyay and Adam Krzysztof Suski

10206: Job Tenure and Structural Change in the Transition Economies of Europe

Maurizio Bussolo, Michael Lokshin, Nicolás Oviedo and Ivan Torre

10205: Explaining the Evolution of Job Tenure in Europe, 1995–2020

Maurizio Bussolo, Damien Fierre Jean Capelle, Michael Lokshin, Ivan Torre and Hernan Winkler

10204: Toward a Competitive Air Transport Market in Africa: The Role of Bilateral Air Service Agreements Liberalization

Anca Diana Cristea, Megersa Abate and Daniel Alberto Benitez

10203: Central America’s Deindustrialization

Rishabh Sinha

10202: Machine Learning Guided Outlook of Global Food Insecurity Consistent with Macroeconomic Forecasts

Bo Andree

10201: Impacts of Transparent Online Auctions on Public Land Lease Revenue: Evidence from Legal and Administrative Changes in Ukraine

Klaus W. Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali and Roman Neyter

10200: Structural Loopholes in Sustainability-Linked Bonds

Imtiaz Ul Haq and Djeneba Doumbia

10199: Using Social Media to Change Gender Norms: An Experiment within Facebook Messenger in India

Dante Donati, Victor Hugo Orozco Olvera and Nandan Mark Rao

10198: The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Inequality and Poverty

Daniel Gerszon Mahler, Nishant Yonzan and Christoph Lakner

10197: Gender Differences in Socio-Emotional Skills and Economic Outcomes: New Evidence from 17 African Countries

Kehinde Ajayi, Smita Das, Clara Anne Delavallade, Tigist Assefa Ketema and Lea Marie Rouanet

10196: Estimating the Impacts of Transport Corridor Development in Kazakhstan: Application of Dynamic Panel Data Models to Firm Registry Data

Atsushi Iimi

10195: The Haves and the Have Nots: Civic Technologies and the Pathways to Government Responsiveness

Jonathan Mellon, Tiago Carneiro Peixoto and Fredrik Matias Sjoberg

10194: The Impact of Protracted Displacement on Syrian Refugees in Jordan: The Evolution of Household Composition and Poverty Rates

Julieth Santamaria, Lucia C. Hanmer and Eliana Carolina Rubiano Matulevich

10193: Caring for Children and Firms? The Impact of Preschool Expansion on Firm Productivity

Massimiliano Calì, Hillary C. Johnson, Elizaveta Perova and Nabil Rizky Ryandiansyah

10192: From Financial Development to Informality: A Causal Link

Salvatore Capasso, Franziska Ohnsorge and Shu Yu

10191: COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in 53 Developing Countries: Levels, Trends, and Reasons for Hesitancy

Julia M. Dayton, Ifeanyi Nzegwu Edochie, David Newhouse, Alexandru Cojocaru, Gildas Bopahbe Deudibe, Jakub Jan Kakietek, Yeon Soo Kim and Jose Montes

10190: The Distributional Impact of Taxes and Social Spending in Bhutan: An Application with Limited Income Data

Juan Pablo Baquero, Jia Gao and Yeon Soo Kim

10189: When the Lights Go Out: The Economic Impacts of Covid-19 on Cities Globally

Amjad Khan, Hogeun Park, Mark Roberts and Putu Sanjiwacika Wibisana

10188: The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on Women’s Employment: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data from Developing Countries

Mohammad Amin and Asif Islam

10187: Early Education, Preferences, and Decision-Making Abilities

Joana Azevedo E Castro De Cardim, Pedro Manuel Amaro Da Costa Luz Carneiro, Leandro Carvalho and Damien de Walque