Policy Research Working Paper Series

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1480: Debt as a control device in transitional economies: the experiences of Hungary and Poland

Herbert L. Baer and Cheryl W. Gray

1479: Is there a commercial case for tropical timber certification?

Varangis, Panayotis N.*Crossley, Rachel*Braga, C

1478: Promoting growth in Sri Lanka: lessons from East Asia

Sadiq Ahmed and Priya Ranjan

1477: Cities without land markets: location and land use in the socialist city

Alain Bertaud and Bertrand Renaud

1476: Public spending and the poor: what we know, what we need to know

Dominique van de Walle

1475: Decentralization: the way forward for rural development?

Andrew N. Parker

1474: Are stable agreements for sharing international river waters now possible?

D. Marc Kilgour and Ariel Dinar

1473: The surge in capital inflows to developing countries: prospects and policy response

Eduardo Fernandez-Arias and Peter Montiel

1472: Fiscal and monetary contraction in Chile: a rational-expectations approach

Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Luis Servén

1471: Pension reform and growth

Giancarlo Corsetti and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

1470: Pensions systems and reform: country experiences and research issues

Patricio Arrau and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

1469: The role of labor unions in fostering economic development

John Pencavel

1468: Government's role in Pakistan agriculture: major reforms are needed

Rashid Faruquee

1467: Beyond the Uruguay Round: the implications of an Asian free trade area

Jeffrey D. Lewis, Sherman Robinson and Zhi Wang

1466: Ownership and financing of infrastructure: historical perspective

Charles D. Jacobson and Joel A. Tarr

1465: Post trade liberalization policy and institutional challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean

Sarath Rajapatirana

1464: How does the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) affect Central America?

Edward Leamer, Alfonso Guerra, Martin Kaufman and Boris Segura

1463: Rural nonfarm employment: a survey

Jean Lanjouw and Peter Lanjouw

1462: Stock market development and financial intermediaries: stylized facts

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

1461: Stock market development and firm financing choices

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

1460: Efficiency and equity considerations in pricing and allocating irrigation water

Yacov Tsur and Ariel Dinar

1459: Pension funds in Central Europe and Russia: their prospects and potential role in corporate governance

Dimitri Vittas and Roland Michelitsch

1458: Credit policies: lessons from East Asia

Dimitri Vittas and Yoon Je Cho

1457: Does decentralization increase spending on public infrastructure?

Antonio Estache and Sarbajit Sinha

1456: Equity markets, transaction costs, and capital accumulation

Valerie Bencivenga, Bruce Smith and Ross M. Starr

1455: Tentative first steps: an assessment of the Uruguay Round agreement on services

Bernard Hoekman

1454: Child labor: a review

Christiaan Grootaert and Ravi Kanbur

1453: Air pollution and mortality: results from Santiago, Chile

Bart Ostr, José Sánchez, Carlos Aranda and Gunnar Eskeland

1452: The 1985-94 global real estate cycle: its casues and consequences

Bertrand Renaud

1451: Tunisia's insurance sector

Dimitri Vittas

1450: Social safety net and the poor during the transition: the case of Bulgaria

Fareed M. A. Hassan and Peters, R. Kyle,

1449: Worker displacement during the transition: experience from Slovenia

Peter Orazem, Milan Vodopivec and Ruth Wu

1448: Environmental regulation and development: a cross-country empirical analysis

Ashoka Mody, Subhendu Roy, David Wheeler and Susmita Dasgupta

1447: Environmental inspections and emissions of the pulp and paper industry: the case of Quebec

Benoit Laplante and Paul Rilstone

1446: Review of integrated approaches to river basin, planning, development and management

Donna J. Lee and Ariel Dinar

1445: Human capital and industry wage structure in Guatemala

Christos Sakellariou

1444: Roads, lands, markets, and deforestation: a spatial model of land use in Belize

Kenneth M. Chomitz and David A. Gray

1443: Policy-based finance, financial regulation, and financial sector development in Japan

Dimitri Vittas and Akihiko Kawaura

1442: Energy price increases in developing countries: case studies of Colombia, Ghana, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, and Zimbabwe

Einar Hope and Balbir Singh

1441: The significance of credits and subsidies in Russian agricultural reform

Douglas Galbi

1440: Poverty and social transfers in Poland

Christiaan Grootaert

1439: Nontariff barriers Africa faces: what did the Uruguay Round accomplish, and what remains to be done?

Azita Amjadi and Alexander Yeats

1438: Trade reform, efficiency, and growth

Ejaz Ghani and Carl Jayarajah

1437: Travel mode substitution in Sao Paulo: estimates and implications for air pollution control

Joffre Swait and Gunnar Eskeland

1436: An empirical model of sunk costs and the decision to export

Mark Roberts and James Tybout

1435: The political economy of formal sector pay and employment in developing countries

Arup Banerji, J. Edgardo Campos and Richard H. Sabot

1434: Government credit policy and industrial performance: Japanese machine tool producers, 1963-91

Charles Calomiris

1433: Enterprise restructuring in Eastern Europe: how much? how fast? where? - preliminary evidence from trade data

Bernard Hoekman and Gerhard Pohl

1432: Using financial futures in trading and risk management

Ignacio Mas and Saa-Requejo, Jesus

1431: The industrial pollution projection system

Hemamala Hettige, Paul Martin, Manjula Singh and David R. Wheeler

1430: Intergovernmental fiscal relations and poverty alleviation in Viet Nam

Richard Bird, Jennie I. Litvack and M. Govinda Rao

1429: The World Trade Organization's agreement on government procurement: expanding disciplines, declining membership?

Bernard Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis

1428: Short-term supply responde to a devaluation: a model's implications for primary commodity-exporting developing countries

Bruno Boccara and Fabien Nsengiyumva

1427: Corporate governance and equity prices: evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics

Stijn Claessens

1426: Russian unemployment: its magnitude, characteristics, and regional dimensions

Simon Commander and Ruslan Yemtsov

1425: On the intersectoral migration of agricultural labor

Donald Larson and Yair Mundlak

1424: Terms-of-trade shocks and optimal investment: another look at the Laursen-Metzler effect

Luis Servén

1423: The role of commercial banks in enterprise restructuring in Central and Eastern Europe

Millard Long and Izabela Rutkowska

1422: Efficiency in Bulgaria's schools: a nonparametric study

Zeljko Bogetic and Sajal Chattophadyay

1421: Distribution of income and the income tax burden in Bulgaria

Zeljko Bogetic and Fareed M. A. Hassan

1420: Legislative frameworks used to fosterpetroleum development

William T. Onorato

1419: Industry structure and regulation

Stewart-Smith, Martin C.

1418: The impact of labor market regulations

Lyn Squire and Suthiwart-Narueput, Sethaput

1417: Uncertainty and global warming: an option - pricing approach to policy

Andrea Baranzini, Marc Chesney and Jacques Morisset

1416: Informal regulation of industrial pollution in developing countries: evidence from Indonesia

Sheoli Pargal and David Wheeler

1415: China's GDP in U.S. dollars based on purchasing power parity

Ren Ruoen and Chen Kai

1414: The World Bank and legal technical assistance: initial lessons

The World Bank Legal Department

1413: Endogenous distortions in product and labor markets

Martin Rama and Guido Tabellini

1412: Foreign technology imports and economic growth in developing countries

Xiaoming Zhang and Heng-Fu Zou

1411: Income inequality, welfare, and poverty: an illustration using Ukranian data

Nanak Kakwani

1410: Macroeconomic effects of terms-of-trade shocks: the case of oil-exporting countries

Nikola Spatafora

1409: Restructuring Uganda's debt: the commercial debt buy - back operation

Kapil Kapoor

1408: Macroeconomic management and intergovernmental relations in China

Jun Ma

1407: Pakistan's agriculture sector: is 3 to 4 percent annual growth sustainable?

Rashid Faruqee

1406: Structural breaks and long-run trends in commodity prices

Javier Leon and Raimundo Soto

1405: Growth and poverty in rural India

Martin Ravallion and Gaurav Datt

1404: The Republic of Korea's small and medium size enterprises and their support systems

Jeffrey Nugent

1403: Small and medium-size enterprise support policies in Japan

Motoshige Itoh and Shujiro Urata

1402: Indonesia's small and medium-size exporters and their support systems

Albert Berry and Brian Levy

1401: Colombia's small and medium-size exporters and their support systems

Berry, Albert*Escandon, Jose

1400: Technical and marketing support systems for successful small and medium-size enterprises in four countries

Brian Levy, Albert Berry, Motoshige Itoh, Linsu Kim, Jeffrey Nugent and Shujiro Urata

1399: How important to India's poor is the urban - rural composition of growth?

Martin Ravaillon and Gaurav Datt

1398: The cost of air pollution abatement

Raymond Hartman, David Wheeler and Manjula Singh

1397: Are private capital flows to developing countries sustainable?

Uri Dadush, Ashok Dhareshwar and Ron Johannes

1396: A typology of foreign exchange auction markets in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic models for auction exchange rates

Janine Aron and Ibrahim Elbadawi

1395: A typology of foreign auction markets in sub-Saharan Africa

Janine Aron and Ibrahim Elbadawi

1394: Macroeconomic reform and growth in Africa: adjustment in Africa revisited

Lawrence Bouton, Christine Jones and Miguel Kiguel

1393: The interface of trade, investment, and competition policies: issues and challenges for Latin America

J. Luis Guasch and Sarath Rajapatirana

1392: Some economic consequences of the transition from civil war to peace

Jean-Paul Azam, David Bevan, Paul Collier, Stefan Dercon, Jan Willem Gunning and Sanjay Pradhan

1391: Where in the world is population growth bad?

Jeff Kling and Lant Pritchett

1390: Regional integration and the Baltics: which way?

Piritta Sorsa

1389: Ruble overhang and ruble shortage: were they the same thing?

Patrick Conway

1388: Does voice matter?: for public accountability, yes

Samuel Paul

1387: Fiscal decentralization and the size of the government: an extension with evidence from cross-country data

Jaber Ehdaie

1386: EU Bananarama III

Brent Borrell

1385: Fiscal federalism: dimensions of tax reform in developing countries

Robin Boadway, Sandra Roberts and Anwar Shah

1384: Fiscal decentralization and intergovernmental finances in the Republic of Albania

David Sewell and Christine Wallich

1383: Rural demand for drought insurance

Madhur Gautam, Peter Hazell and Harold Alderman

1382: Saving, investment, and growth in developing countries: an overview

Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, Luis Servén and Andres Solimano

1381: Welfare economics, political economy, and policy reform in Ghana

Ravi Kanbur