Policy Research Working Paper Series

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247: Macroeconomic policies for structural adjustment

Carlos Rodríguez

246: Causes of adult deaths in developing countries: a review of data and methods

Richard Hayes, Thierry Mertens, Geraldine Lockett and Laura Rodrigues

245: Developing a partnership of indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use planners in Latin America

Peter Poole

244: Do Caribbean exporters pay higher freight costs?

Alexander J. Yeats

243: Kuwait - Averting financial crisis

Fawzi H. Al-Sultan

242: A multi level model of school effectiveness in a developing country

Marlaine Lockheed and Nicholas T. Longford

241: The effect of job training on Peruvian women's employment and wages

Ana-Maria Arriagada

240: The public role in private post-secondary education: a review of issues and options

Ake Blomqvist and Emmanuel Jimenez

239: The choice between unilateral and multilateral trade liberalization strategies

Julio Nogues

238: The distributional consequences of a tax reform on a VAT for Pakistan

Ehtisham Ahmad and Stephen Ludlow

237: The curricular content of primary education in developing countries

Aaron Benavot and David Kamens

236: Education and earnings in Peru's informal nonfarm family enterprises

Peter Moock, Philip Musgrove and Morton Stelcner

235: Borrowing, resource transfers, and external shocks to developing countries: historical and counterfactual

Steven B. Webb and Heidi S. Zia

234: A consistency framework for macroeconomic analysis

William Easterly

233: Public enterprise reform in adjustment lending

John Nellis

232: Women and food security in Kenya

Nadine R. Horenstein

231: The World Bank revised minimum standard model (RMSM): concepts and issues

Doug Addison

230: Unemployment, migration, and wages in Turkey 1962-85

Bent Hansen

229: The effect of demographic changes on saving for life cycle motives in developing countries

Steven B. Webb and Heidi S. Zia

228: Recent economic performance of developing countries

Robert Lynn and F. Desmond McCarthy

227: Institutional reforms in sector adjustment operations: the World Bank's experience

Samuel Paul

226: Inflation and the costs of stabilization: country experiences, conceptual issues, and policy lessons

Andres Solimano

225: Targeting assistance to the poor using household survey data

Paul Glewwe and Oussama Kanaan

224: The economics of the government budget constraint

Stanley Fischer

223: Overvalued and undervalued exchange rates in an equilibrium optimizing model

Jose Saul Lizondo

222: The labor market and economic stabilization inZambia

Christopher Colclough

221: How does uncertainty about the real exchange rate affect exports?

Ricardo Caballero and Vittorio Corbo

220: Building capacity for policy analysis

Samuel Paul, David Steedman and Francis X. Sutton

219: Rural credit in developing countries

Avishay Braverman and J. Luis Guasch

218: Public finance, trade, and development: the Chilean experience

Vittorio Corbo

217: Public sector management issues in structural adjustment lending

Barbara Nunberg

216: Price and quality effects of VERs - revisited: a case study of Korean footwear exports

Jaime de Melo and L. Winters

215: Adjustment and income distribution: a counterfactual analysis

Francois Bourguinon, William Branson and Jaime de Melo

214: Adjustment and the labor market

Peter R. Fallon and Luis Riveros

213: Conditionality and debt relief

Stijn Claessens and Ishac Diwan

212: How private investment reacts to changing macroeconomic conditions: the case of Chile in the 1980s

Andres Solimano

211: Coffee pricing policies in the Dominican Republic

Panos Varangis

210: Notes on cash - flow taxation

Roger Gordon

209: Can the industrial countries return to rapid growth?

International Economics Department

208: Effective primary level science teaching in the Philippines

Marlaine Lockheed, Josefina Fonacier and Leonard J. Bianchi

207: Occupational training among Peruvian men: does it make a difference?

Ana-Maria Arriagada

206: The effects of single-sex schooling on student achievement and attitudes in Nigeria

Valerie E. Lee and Marlaine Lockheed

205: What determines national savings?: a case study of Korea and the Philippines

Sang-Woo Nam

204: The impact of labor costs on manufactured exports in developing countries: an econometric analysis

Luis Riveros

203: Optimal commodity taxes under rationing

Nanak Kakwani and Ranjan Ray

202: Financial policies, growth, and efficiency

Alan H. Gelb

201: How much fiscal adjustment is enough? The case of Colombia

William Easterly

200: Women and development: objectives, frameworks, and policy interventions

T. Schultz

199: Assessment of the private sector: a case study and its methodological implications

Samuel Paul

198: Equity in unequal deductions: implications of income tax rules in Ghana and Nigeria

Chad Leechor and Robert Warner

197: Differentiating cyclical and long-term income elasticities of import demand

Fernando Clavijo and Riccardo Faini

196: A review of alternative debt strategies

Eugene L. Versluysen

195: How has the debt crisis affected commercial banks?

Harry Huizinga

194: Efficient debt reduction

Jeffrey Sachs

193: Voluntary and involuntary lending: a test of major hypotheses

Peter Nunnenkamp

192: Inflation, price controls, and fiscal adjustment in Zimbabwe

Ajay Chhibber, Joaquin Cottani, Reza Firuzabadi and Michael Walton

191: Openness, outward orientation, trade liberalization, and economic performance in developing countries

Sebastian Edwards

190: Macro performance under adjustment lending

Riccardo Faini, Jaime de Melo, Abdel Senhadji-Semlali and Julie Stanton

189: The treatment of companies under cash flow taxes: some administrative, transitional, and international issues

Emil M. Sunley

188: International differences in wage and nonwage labor costs

Luis Riveros

187: Linking wages to changing output prices: an empirical study of 13 industrial countries

Menahem Prywes

186: The Uruguay negotiations on subsidies and countervailing measures: past and future constraints

Patrick Messerlin

185: Uniform trade taxes, devaluation, and the real exchange rate: a theoretical analysis

Stephen O'Connell

184: Women and forestry: operational issues

Augusta Molnar and Gotz Schreiber

183: Private investment in Mexico: an empirical analysis

Alberto R. Musalem

182: Latin America's experience with export subsidies

Julio Nogues

181: Public finance, trade, and development: what have we learned?

Johannes F. Linn and Deborah L. Wetzel

180: Structural changes in metals consumption

Boum-Jong Choe

179: Public sector pricing in a fiscal context

Christopher Heady

178: Tax holidays and investments

Jack Mintz

177: Cash flow or income?: the choice of base for company taxation

Jack Mintz and Jesus Seade

176: Credit rationing, tenancy, productivity, and the dynamics of inequality

Avishay Braverman and Joseph Stiglitz

175: An integrated model of perennial and annual crop production for Sub-Saharan countries

Robert Weaver

174: Trade restrictions with imported intermediate inputs: when does the trade balance improve?

Ramon Lopez and Dani Rodrik

173: Hospital management staffing and training issues

Julio Frenk, Enrique Ruelas and Avedis Donabedian

172: The effects of Peru's push to improve education

Elizabeth King and Rosemary T. Bellew

171: The cost-effectiveness of national training systems in developing countries

Christopher Dougherty

170: General training under asymmetric information

Eliakim Katz and Adrian Ziderman

169: Financial sector reforms in adjustment programs

Alan Gelb and Patrick Honahan

168: Technological change from inside: a review of breakthroughs

Ashoka Mody

167: Do price increases for staple foods help or hurt the rural poor?

Martin Ravallion

166: Achieving and sustaining universal primary education: international experience relevant to India

Nat J. Colletta and Margaret Sutton

165: Shifting patterns of comparative advantage: manufactured exports in developing countries

Alexander James Yeats

164: Intersectoral financial flows in developing countries

Patrick Honohan and Izak Atiyas

163: How infrastructure and financial institutions affect agricultural output and investment in India

Hans Binswanger-Mkhize, Shahidur Khandker and Mark Rosenzweig

162: Inflation in Argentina: stop and go since the Austral plan

Miguel A. Kiguel

161: Commodity indexed debt in international lending

Timothy Besley and Andrew Powell

160: Evaluating the performance of public enterprises in Pakistan

Mary M. Shirley

0160: Identifying Urban Areas by Combining Human Judgment and Machine Learning: An Application to India

Virgilio Galdo, Yue-000316086 Li and Martin Rama

159: Current international gas trades and prices

Kay McKeough

158: Labor redundancy in the transport sector

Alice Galenson

157: A policy model for Tunisia with real and financial flows

Martha de Melo, Marc Leduc and Setareh Razmara

156: Credit cooperatives in Israeli agriculture

Yoav Kislev, Zvi Lerman and Pinhas Zusman

155: Measuring adult mortality in developing countries: a review and assessment of methods

Ian Timaeus and Wendy Graham

154: Forecasting, uncertainty, and public project appraisal

Jock Anderson

153: An analysis of debt-reduction schemes initiated by debtor countries

Ishac Diwan and Stijn Claessens

152: Subsidies and countervailing measures: economic considerations

Bela Balassa

151: U.S. trade policy towards developing countries

Bela Balassa

150: Improving the currency composition of external debt: applications in Indonesia and Turkey

Ken Kroner and Stijn Claessens

149: Reflections on perestroyka and the foreign economic ties of the USSR

Bela Balassa