Policy Research Working Paper Series

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6982: How to assess agricultural water productivity ? looking for water in the agricultural productivity and efficiency literature

Susanne M. Scheierling, David Tréguer, James F. Booker and Elisabeth Decker

6981: Demystifying Dutch disease

Naoko C. Kojo

6980: How useful is inequality of opportunity as a policy construct ?

Ravi Kanbur and Adam Wagstaff

6979: Trade flows and trade disputes

Chad Bown and Kara Reynolds

6978: Evolving wage cyclicality in Latin America

Julian Messina and Luca Gambetti

6977: The dynamics of centralized procurement reform in a decentralized state: evidence and lessons from Indonesia

Audrey Sacks, Erman Rahman, Joel Turkewitz, Michael Buehler and Imad Saleh

6976: Why firms avoid cutting wages: survey evidence from European firms

Philip Du Caju, Theodora Kosma, Martina Lawless, Julian Messina and Tairi Room

6975: Managing quantity, quality, and timing in Indian cane sugar production: ex post marketing permits or ex ante production contracts ?

Sandhyarani Patlolla, Rachael Goodhue and Richard J. Sexton

6974: The return of"patrimonial capitalism": review of Thomas Piketty's capital in the 21st century

Branko Milanovic

6973: Learning dynamics and support for economic reforms: why good news can be bad

Sweder van Wijnbergen and Tim Willems

6972: Inflation and indivisible investment in developing economies

Maya Eden and Ha Nguyen

6971: Can service be a growth escalator in low-income countries ?

Ejaz Ghani and Stephen D. O'Connell

6970: How regional integration and transnational energy networks have boosted FDI in Turkey (and may cease to do so): a case study: how geo-political alliances and regional networks matter

Miguel Eduardo Sanchez Martin, Gonzalo Escribano Frances and Rafael de Arce

6969: Predicting bank insolvency in the Middle East and North Africa

Pietro Calice

6968: Evidence of development impact from institutional change: a review of the evidence on open budgeting

Cristina Ling and Dawn Roberts

6967: Ponzis: the science and mystique of a class of financial frauds

Kaushik Basu

6966: Services, inequality, and the dutch disease

Bill Battaile, Richard Chisik and Harun Onder

6965: Measuring the effect of internet adoption on paper consumption

Luis Andres, Alejandro Zentner and Joaquin Zentner

6964: The Brasilia experiment: road access and the spatial pattern of long-term local development in Brazil

Julia Bird and Stephane Straub

6963: Inequality is bad for growth of the poor (but not for that of the rich)

Branko L. Milanovic, Roy Van Der Weide, Branko L. Milanovic and Roy Van Der Weide

6962: Estimation of normal mixtures in a nested error model with an application to small area estimation of poverty and inequality

Chris Elbers and Roy van der Weide

6961: How survey-to-survey imputation can fail

David Newhouse, S. Shivakumaran, Shinya Takamatsu and N. Yoshida

6960: The domestic segment of global supply chains in China under state capitalism

Heiwai Tang, Fei Wang and Zhi Wang

6959: Money or ideas ? a field experiment on constraints to entrepreneurship in rural Pakistan

Xavier Gine and Ghazala Mansuri

6958: The anatomy of failure: an ethnography of a randomized trial to deepen democracy in rural India

Kripa Ananthpur, Kabir Malik and Vijayendra Rao

6957: The environmental implications of Russia's accession to the world trade organization

Christoph Bohringer, Thomas F. Rutherford, David Tarr and Natalia Turdyeva

6956: Containing volatility: windfall revenues for resource-rich low-income countries

Anton Dobronogov and Octave Keutiben

6955: Contracting for the second best in dysfunctional electricity markets

Arina Nikandrova and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

6954: How business community institutions can help fight corruption

Avinash Dixit

6953: Parallel systems and human resource management in India's public health services: a view from the front lines

Gerard La Forgia, Shomikho Raha, Shabbeer Shaik, Sunil Kumar Maheshwari and Rabia Ali

6952: How should donors respond to resource windfalls in poor countries ? from aid to insurance

Anton Dobronogov, Alan Gelb and Fernando Brant Saldanha

6951: Climate change, industrial transformation, and"development traps"

Alexander Golub and Michael Toman

6950: New coincident and leading indicators for the Lebanese economy

Samer Matta

6949: Deals and delays: firm-level evidence on corruption and policy implementation times

Caroline Freund, Mary Hallward-Driemeier and Bob Rijkers

6948: Bank capital and systemic stability

Deniz Anginer and Asli Demirguc-Kunt

6947: Institutional arrangements for the promotion of regional integration of electricity markets: international experience

Musiliu O. Oseni and Michael Pollitt

6946: Bridging the gap: identifying what is holding self-employed women back in Ghana, Rwanda, Tanzania, the Republic of Congo, and Uganda

Emily Nix, Elisa Gamberoni and Rachel Heath

6945: Fiscal adjustment and income inequality: sub-national evidence from Brazil

João Pedro Azevedo, Antonio David, Fabiano Rodrigues Bastos and Emilio Pineda

6944: Welfare dynamics measurement: two definitions of a vulnerability line and their empirical application

Hai-Anh Dang and Peter Lanjouw

6943: Insurance and inclusive growth

Rodney Lester

6942: Does institutional finance matter for agriculture ? evidence using panel data from Uganda

Shahidur R. Khandker and Gayatri B. Koolwal

6941: Carbon price efficiency: lock-in and path dependence in urban forms and transport infrastructure

Paolo Avner, Jun Rentschler and Stephane Hallegatte

6940: Economics of transiting to renewable energy in Morocco: a general equilibrium analysis

Govinda Timilsina and Florian Landis

6939: Culture, politics, and development

Michael Woolcock

6938: Benchmarking public policy: methodological insights from measurement of school based management

Suhas D. Parandekar

6937: Open skies over the Middle East

Anca Cristea, Russell Hillberry and Aaditya Mattoo

6936: Does FDI bring good jobs to host countries ?

Beata Javorcik

6935: Income inequality and violent crime: evidence from Mexico's drug war

Ted Enamorado, Luis Lopez-Calva, Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán and Hernan Winkler

6934: Deposit insurance database

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Edward Kane and Luc Laeven

6933: Asymmetric punishment as an instrument of corruption control

Karna Basu, Kaushik Basu and Tito Cordella

6932: Radio's impact on preferences for patronage benefits

Philip Keefer and Stuti Khemani

6931: Does involvement of local NGOs enhance public service delivery ? cautionary evidence from a Malaria-prevention evaluation in India

Ashis Das, Jed Friedman and Eeshani Kandpal

6930: Comparative advantage, international trade, and fertility

Quy-Toan Do, Andrei Levchenko and Claudio Raddatz

6929: Assessing energy price induced improvements in efficiency of capital in OECD manufacturing industries

Jevgenijs Steinbuks and Karsten Neuhoff

6928: Confronting the food-energy-environment trilemma: global land use in the long run

Jevgenijs Steinbuks and Thomas Hertel

6927: Economic development and female labor participation in the Middle East and North Africa: a test of the u-shape hypothesis

Paolo Verme

6926: Who will feed China in the 21st century ? income growth and food demand and supply in China

Emiko Fukase and Will Martin

6925: 50 years of urbanization in Africa: examining the role of climate change

J. Vernon Henderson, Adam Storeygard and Uwe Deichmann

6924: World Bank lending and the quality of economic policy

Lodewijk Smets and Stephen Knack

6923: Poverty reduction and shared prosperity in Tajikistan: a diagnostic

João Pedro Azevedo, Aziz Atamanov and Alisher Rajabov

6922: Institutional investors and long-term investment: evidence from Chile

Luis Opazo, Claudio Raddatz and Sergio Schmukler

6921: The trade-reducing effects of restrictions on liner shipping

Fabien Bertho, Ingo Borchert and Aaditya Mattoo

6920: Why has energy efficiency not scaled-up in the industrial and commercial sectors in Ukraine ? an empirical analysis

Gal Hochman and Govinda Timilsina

6919: Regional diversity and inclusive growth in Indian cities

Ejaz Ghani, William Kerr and Ishani Tewari

6918: Institutions and firms'return to innovation: evidence from the world bank enterprise survey

Ha Nguyen and Patricio A. Jaramillo

6917: Do government private subsidies crowd out entrepreneurship ?

Asif Islam

6916: Climate change, conflict, and cooperation: global analysis of the resilience of international river treaties to increased water variability

Shlomi Dinar, David Katz, Lucia De Stefano and Brian Blankespoor

6915: Inequality of opportunity and economic growth: a cross-country analysis

Francisco Ferreira, Christoph Lakner, Maria Ana Lugo and Berk Özler

6914: Export destinations and input prices

Paulo Bastos, Joana Silva and Eric Verhoogen

6913: Trade and cities

Cem Karayalcin and Hakan Yilmazkuday

6912: The long-awaited rise of the middle class in Latin America is finally happening

Maurizio Bussolo, Maryla Maliszewska and Elie Murard

6911: Economic inequality in the Arab region

Nadia Belhaj Hassine

6910: Encouraging health insurance for the informal sector: a cluster randomized trial

Adam Wagstaff, Ha Thi Hong Nguyen, Huyen Dao and Sarah Balesd

6909: Hybrid survey to improve the reliability of poverty statistics in a cost-effective manner

Faizuddin Ahmed, Cheku Dorji, Shinya Takamatsu and Nobuo Yoshida

6908: The price of empowerment: experimental evidence on land titling in Tanzania

Daniel Ayalew Ali, Matthew Collin, Klaus Deininger, Stefan Dercon, Justin Sandefur and Andrew Zeitlin

6907: The end of seasonality ? new insights from Sub-Saharan Africa

Jonathan Kaminski, Luc Christiaensen and Christopher L. Gilbert

6906: Agreeing on robust decisions: new processes for decision making under deep uncertainty

Nidhi Kalra, Stephane Hallegatte, Robert Lempert, Casey Brown, Adrian Fozzard, Stuart Gill and Ankur Shah

6905: Cross-border mergers and acquisitions in services: the role of policy and industrial structure

Alessandro Barattieri, Ingo Borchert and Aaditya Mattoo

6904: Child labor and learning

Patrick M. Emerson, Vladimir Ponczek and André Souza

6903: Household cooking fuel choice and adoption of improved cookstoves in developing countries: a review

Sunil Malla and Govinda Timilsina

6902: Financial (dis-)information: evidence from an audit study in Mexico

Xavier Gine, Cristina Martinez Cuellar and Rafael Keenan Mazer

6901: Strengthening Malaria service delivery through supportive supervision and community mobilization in an endemic Indian setting: an evaluation of nested delivery models

Ashis Das, Jed Friedman, Eeshani Kandpal, Gnv Ramana, R K Das Gupta, Madan M Pradhan and Ramesh Govindaraj

6900: Immigrant versus natives ? displacement and job creation

Caglar Ozden, Mathis Christoph Wagner, Caglar Ozden and Mathis Christoph Wagner

6899: Private non-state sector engagement in the provision of educational services at the primary and secondary levels in South Asia: an analytical review of its role in school enrollment and student achievement

Mahesh Dahal and Quynh T. Nguyen

6898: What do we know about preferential trade agreements and temporary trade barriers ?

Chad Bown, Baybars Karacaovali and Patricia Tovar

6897: Private school participation in Pakistan

Dhushyanth Raju and Quynh T. Nguyen

6896: Directing remittances to education with soft and hard commitments: evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment and new product take-up among Filipino migrants in Rome

Giuseppe De Arcangelis, Majlinda Joxhe, David McKenzie, Erwin Tiongson and Dean Yang

6895: Does access to information empower the poor ? evidence from the Dominican Republic

Emmanuel Skoufias, Renata Narita and Ambar Narayan

6894: Progress toward the health MDGs: are the poor being left behind ?

Adam Wagstaff, Caryn Bredenkamp and Leander R. Buisman

6893: Effects of interventions to raise voluntary enrollment in a social health insurance scheme: a cluster randomized trial

Joseph J. Capuno, Aleli D. Kraft, Stella Luz Quimbo, Carlos R. Tan and Adam Wagstaff

6892: The impact of a pay-for-performance scheme on prescription quality in rural China: an impact evaluation

Xiaojie Sun, Xiaoyun Liu, Qiang Sun, Winnie Yip, Adam Wagstaff and Qingyue Meng

6891: Episodes of unemployment reduction in rich, middle-income, and transition economies

Caroline Freund and Bob Rijkers

6890: Ecosystems -- burden or bounty ?

Richard Damania, Pasquale Scandizzo and A.j Glauber

6889: Updating the poverty estimates in Serbia in the absence of micro data: a microsimulation approach

Alexandru Cojocaru and Sergio Olivieri

6888: Informal economy and the World Bank

Kathleen Beegle, Nancy Claire Benjamin, Francesca Recanatini and Massimiliano Santini

6887: Mauritania: counting on natural wealth for a sustainable future

Gianluca Mele

6886: Cash transfers and temptation goods: a review of global evidence

David Evans and Anna Popova

6885: Proving incentives for long-term investment by pension funds -- the use of outcome-based benchmarks

Fiona Stewart

6884: Rewarding provider performance to enable a healthy start to life: evidence from Argentina's Plan Nacer

Paul Gertler, Paula Giovagnoli and Sebastian Martinez

6883: What a difference a state makes: health reform in Andhra Pradesh

Sofi Bergkvist, Adam Wagstaff, Anuradha Katyal, Prabal V. Singh, Amit Samarth and Mala Rao