Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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9423: How Do Small Formal and Informal Firms in the Arab Republic of Egypt Compare ?

Caroline Krafft, Ragui A. Assaad, Khandker Wahedur Rahman and Maakwe Cumanzala

9422: Inflation Targeting in India: An Interim Assessment

Barry Eichengreen, Poonam-000193453 Gupta and Rishabh Choudhary

9421: Transportation and the Environment: A Review of Empirical Literature

Shanjun Li, Jianwei Xing, Lin Yang and Fan Zhang

9420: Secondary Schools and Teenage Childbearing: Evidence from the School Expansion in Brazilian Municipalities

Martin Foureaux Koppensteiner and Jesse Matheson

9419: Modeling and Predicting the Spread of Covid-19: Comparative Results for the United States, thePhilippines, and South Africa

Susmita Dasgupta and David R. Wheeler

9418: Life Expectancy at Birth and Lifetime Education and Earnings

Mohammad Mainul Hoque, Elizabeth King, Claudio Montenegro and Peter Orazem

9417: Revised Estimates of the Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Poverty by 2030

Bramka Arga Jafino, Brian James Walsh, Julie Rozenberg and Stephane Hallegatte

9416: Perceptions, Contagion, and Civil Unrest

Christophe Abi-Nassif, Asif Islam and Daniel Lederman

9415: Estimating the Demand for Business Training: Evidence from Jamaica

Alessandro Maffioli, David McKenzie and Diego Ubfal

9414: Small and Medium Enterprises in the Pandemic: Impact, Responses and the Role of Development Finance

Ikmal Adian, Djeneba Doumbia, Neil Gregory, Alexandros Ragoussis, Aarti Reddy and Jonathan David Timmis

9413: Stochastic Modeling of Food Insecurity

Dieter Wang, Bo Andree, Andres Fernando Chamorro Elizondo and Phoebe Girouard Spencer

9412: Predicting Food Crises

Bo Andree, Andres Fernando Chamorro Elizondo, Aart C. Kraay, Phoebe Girouard Spencer and Dieter Wang

9411: Implications of Major Adverse Events on Productivity

Alistair Dieppe, Sinem Kilic Celik and Cedric Iltis Finafa Okou

9410: Gender Bias in Agricultural Child Labor: Evidence from Survey Design Experiments

Jose Galdo, Ana Dammert and Degnet Abebaw Ejigie

9409: The Role of Inequality for Poverty Reduction

Katy Bergstrom

9408: Small Business Training to Improve Management Practices in Developing Countries: Reassessingthe Evidence for 'Training Doesn’t Work'

David McKenzie

9407: Urban Design, Public Spaces, and Social Cohesion: Evidence from a Virtual Reality Experiment

Jimena Llopis Abella, Anna Fruttero, Emcet Tas and Umar Taj

9406: When Goal-Setting Forges Ahead but Stops Short

Asad Islam, Sungoh Kwon, Eema Masood, Nishith Prakash, Shwetlena Sabarwal and Deepak Saraswat

9405: Inflation Threshold Levels and Economic Growth in the Franc Zone Countries

Dimitri Sanga and Steve Gui-Diby

9404: Long-Term Effects of Free Primary Education on Educational Achievement: Evidence from Lesotho

Ramaele Moshoeshoe

9403: Implications of Cheap Oil for Emerging Markets

Alain Kabundi and Franziska Ohnsorge

9402: Designing Oil Revenue Management Mechanisms: An Application to Chad

Benoît Campagne, Markus Kitzmuller and Silvana Tordo

9401: Sovereign Credit Ratings, Relative Risk Ratings, and Private Capital Flows

Supriyo De, Sanket Mohapatra and Dilip Ratha

9400: One Rule Fits All ? Heterogeneous Fiscal Rules for Commodity Exporters When Price Shocks Can BePersistent: Theory and Evidence

Arthur Galego Mendes and Steven Michael Pennings

9399: Determinants of Property Tax Revenue: Lessons from Empirical Analysis

Rajul Awasthi, Tuan Minh Le and Chenli You

9398: A Structural Model of the Labor Market to Understand Gender Gaps among Marginalized Roma Communities

Mauricio Salazar-Saenz and Monica Robayo-Abril

9397: The Energy-Management Nexus in Firms: Which Practices Matter, How Much and for Whom ?

Arti Goswami Grover and Valerie Jean Karplus

9396: Child Stature, Maternal Education, and Early Childhood Development

Emmanuel Skoufias and Katja Vinha

9395: Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools

Clare Leaver, Owen Ozier, Pieter Serneels and Andrew Zeitlin

9394: Growth of Global Corporate Debt: Main Facts and Policy Challenges

Facundo Abraham, Juan Jose Cortina Lorente and Sergio Schmukler

9393: Cross-Border Banking in EMDEs: Trends, Scale, and Policy Implications

Erik H.B. Feyen, Norbert Fiess, Ata Bertay and Igor Esteban Zuccardi Huertas

9392: Bank Lending Rates and Spreads in EMDEs: Evolution, Drivers, and Policies

Erik H.B. Feyen and Igor Esteban Zuccardi Huertas

9391: Making Gravity Great Again

Will Martin

9390: On the Quantity and Quality of Girls: Fertility, Parental Investments, and Mortality

S Anukriti, Sonia Bhalotra and Hiu Tam

9389: What is the Impact of Weather Shocks on Prices?: Evidence from Ethiopia

Ruth Hill and Habtamu Neda Fuje

9388: How Useful is CPI Price Data for Spatial Price Adjustment in Poverty Measurement?: A Case from Ghana

Xiaomeng Chen, Rose Mungai, Shohei Nakamura, Thomas Patrick Pearson, Ayago Esmubancha Wambile and Nobuo Yoshida

9387: Returns to Education in the Russian Federation: Some New Estimates

Ekaterina Melianova, Suhas D. Parandekar, Harry Patrinos and Artem Volgin

9386: Broadband Internet and Household Welfare in Senegal

Takaaki Masaki, Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa and Carlos Rodriguez Castelan

9385: Mining and the Quality of Public Services: The Role of Local Governance and Decentralization

Maty Konte and Rose Vincent

9384: How Did Africa's Prospective Petroleum Producers Fall Victim to the Presource Curse ?

David Mihalyi and Thomas Scurfield

9383: Small Area Estimation of Non-Monetary Poverty with Geospatial Data

Takaaki Masaki, David Newhouse, Ani Silwal, Adane Bedada and Ryan Engstrom

9382: Teacher Performance-Based Incentives and Learning Inequality

Deon Filmer, James Paul Habyarimana and Shwetlena Sabarwal

9381: Educator Knowledge of Early Childhood Development: Evidence from Eastern Nepal

Lindsey Buck, Nathan V. Fiala, Nishith Prakash, Shwetlena Sabarwal, Deepak Saraswat and Deepika Shrestha

9380: Talent Allocation and Post-Reform Growth in Central America

Rishabh Sinha

9379: Which Firms Benefit from Corporate QE during the COVID-19 Crisis ? The Case of the ECB's Pandemic Emergency Purchase Program

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Balint Horvath and Harry Huizinga

9378: Productivity Convergence: Is Anyone Catching Up?

Gene Kindberg-Hanlon and Cedric Iltis Finafa Okou

9377: Violence and Newborn Health: Estimates for Colombia

Laura Rodriguez Takeuchi

9376: The Effects of Land Title Registration on Tenure Security, Investment and the Allocation of Productive Resources: Evidence from Ghana

Andrew Agyei-Holmes, Niklas Buehren, Markus Goldstein, Robert Osei, Isaac Osei-Akoto and Christopher Udry

9375: The Utilization-adjusted Human Capital Index (UHCI)

Steven Michael Pennings

9374: The Oil Nouveau-Riche and Arms Imports

Pierre-Louis Vézina

9373: The Seasonality of Conflict

Jenny Guardado and Steven Michael Pennings

9372: Natural Resource Discoveries, Citizen Expectations and Household Decisions

James Cust and Justice Tei Mensah

9371: Supporting Teacher Autonomy to Improve Education Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Brazil

Caio Piza, Astrid Maria Theresia Zwager, Matteo Ruzzante, Rafael Santos Dantas and Andre Loureiro

9370: Who Is Employed ? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa on Redefining Employment

Isis Gaddis, Gbemisola Oseni, Amparo Palacios-Lopez and Janneke Pieters

9369: An Optimal Rice Policy for Sierra Leone: Balancing Consumer and Producer Welfare

Errol George Graham, Hardwick Tchale and Mamadou Ndione

9368: Behavioral Change Promotion, Cash Transfers and Early Childhood Development: Experimental Evidence from a Government Program in a Low-Income Setting

Patrick Premand and Oumar Barry

9367: Autonomy and Specificity in Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Mexico

Carolina Corral, Xavier Gine, Aprajit Mahajan and Enrique Seira Bejarano

9366: Long-run Returns to Impact Investing in Emerging Market and Developing Economies

Shawn Allen Cole, Martin Melecký, Florian Molders and Tristan Reed

9365: Identifying Effective Teachers: Lessons from Four Classroom Observation Tools

Deon Filmer, Ezequiel Molina and Waly Wane

9364: Multinational Corporation Affiliates, Backward Linkages, and Productivity Spillovers in Developing and Emerging Economies: Evidence and Policy Making

Jacob Jordaan, Willem Douw and Zhenwei Qiang

9363: Banking Sector Performance During the COVID-19 Crisis

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Alvaro Pedraza and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

9362: Evaluating the Impact of Export Finance Support on Firm-Level Export Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

Fabrice Defever, Alejandro Riano and Gonzalo Varela

9361: The Impact of Employer Discrimination on Female Labor Market Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from Tunisia

Jumana Jamal Subhi Alaref, Samira Nikaein Towfighian, Gustavo Nicolas Paez Salamanca and Mohammed Thabet M Audah

9360: Low-Cost Private Schools in Tanzania: A Descriptive Analysis

Shwetlena Sabarwal, Celeste Sununtnasuk and Deepika Ramachandran

9359: The Role of Government in the Market for Electric Vehicles: Evidence from China

Shanjun Li, Xianglei Zhu, Yiding Ma, Fan Zhang and Hui Zhou

9358: Are Teachers in Africa Poorly Paid?: Evidence from 15 Countries

David Evans, Fei Yuan and Deon Filmer

9357: Ex-ante Evaluation of the Impact of Increases in Minimum Wages on Labor Market Outcomes in Kosovo

Monica Robayo-Abril, Anastasia Terskaya and Stefanie Koettl-Brodmann

9356: Reacting Quickly and Protecting Jobs: The Short-Term Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Greek Labor Market

Gordon Betcherman, Nicholas Giannakopoulos, Ioannis Laliotis, Ioanna Pantelaiou, Mauro Testaverde and Giannis Tzimas

9355: Mama Knows (and Does) Best: Maternal Schooling Opportunities and Child Development in Indonesia

Amer Hasan, Nozomi Nakajima and Marcos A. Rangel

9354: Borrowing to Keep Up (with the Joneses): Inequality, Debt, and Conspicuous Consumption

Sheheryar Banuri and Ha Nguyen

9353: Slow Rockets and Fast Feathers or the Link between Exchange Rates and Exports: A Case Study for Pakistan

Martín Brun, Juan Pedro Gambetta and Gonzalo Varela

9352: Coastal Development between Opportunity and Disaster Risk: A Multisectoral Risk Assessment for Vietnam

Johannes Michael Braese, Sophie Anne De Vries Robbe and Jun Erik Maruyama Rentschler

9351: Coastal Development between Opportunity and Disaster Risk: An Assessment of the Coastal Protection System in Vietnam

Mathijs van Ledden, Tran Thanh Tung, Dzung Huy Nguyen and Long Thanh Nguyen

9350: Political Reservation and Female Labor Force Participation in Rural India

Klaus Deininger, Songqing Jin, Hari Krishnan Nagarajan and Sudhir K. Singh

9349: Internationally Linked Firms, Integration Reforms and Productivity: Evidence from Pakistan

Stefania Lovo and Gonzalo Varela

9348: Hide and Protect: A Role of Global Financial Secrecy in Shaping Domestic Institutions

Gulnaz Sharafutdinova and Michael Lokshin

9347: Who on Earth Can Work from Home ?

Daniel Garrote Sanchez, Nicolas Gomez Parra, Caglar Ozden, Bob Rijkers, Mariana Viollaz and Hernan Winkler

9346: Invitations, Incentives, and Conditions: A Randomized Evaluation of Demand-Side Interventions for Health Screenings in Armenia

Damien de Walque, Adanna Deborah Ugochi Chukwuma, Nono Akpedje Ayivi Guedehoussou and Marianna Koshkakaryan

9345: Job Search and Hiring with Two-Sided Limited Information about Workseekers' Skills

Eliana Carranza, Robert Garlick, Kate Orkin and Neil Rankin

9344: Expansionary Fiscal Austerity: New International Evidence

Owen Nie

9343: The Information Content of Capital Controls

Owen Nie

9342: Income Distribution, International Integration and Sustained Poverty Reduction

Pinelopi Goldberg and Tristan Reed

9341: Structural Change and Productivity Growth in Guinea

Abdoul Ganiou Mijiyawa and Lancine Conde

9340: Gender Empowerment, Supply-Chain Linkages and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence on Bangladesh

Ana Fernandes and Hiau Looi Kee

9339: Crop Yield Convergence across Districts in India's Poorest State

Rishabh Sinha

9338: Mobile Money and Investment by Women Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa

Asif Islam and Silvia Muzi

9337: Capital Market Financing and Firm Growth

Tatiana Didier Brandao, Ross Levine, Ruth Llovet Montanes and Sergio Schmukler

9336: The Labor Market Effects of Venezuelan Migration in Ecuador

Sergio Olivieri, Francesc Ortega, Eliana Carranza and Ana Mercedes Rivadeneira Alava

9335: The State of Land Use in Northern Nigeria: A Landsat-Based Mapping Framework

Fernando Sedano, Vasco Molini and M Abul Kalam Azad

9334: What Can the Service Delivery Indicator Surveys Tell Us about COVID-19 Preparedness ?

Jigyasa Sharma, Kathryn Gilman Andrews, Ruben Orion Conner and Roberta V. Gatti

9333: The Effects of Digital-Technology Adoption on Productivity and Factor Demand: Firm-level Evidence from Developing Countries

Ana Paula Cusolito, Daniel Lederman and Jorge O. Pena

9332: Shoring Up Economic Refugees: Venezuelan Migrants in the Ecuadoran Labor Market

Sergio Olivieri, Francesc Ortega, Ana Mercedes Rivadeneira Alava and Eliana Carranza

9331: Using Remittance Transaction Data for Timely Estimation of the Foreign Worker Population in Malaysia

Zainab Binti Ali Ahmad, Kenneth Simler and Soonhwa Yi

9330: Active Conflict and Access to Education: Evidence from a Series of Conflict-Related Shocks in the Republic of Yemen

Safa Ali Qassim Almoayad, Eliana Favari, Samira Halabi, Siddharth Krishnaswamy, Almedina Music and Sharad Tandon

9329: Big Data for Sampling Design: The Venezuelan Migration Crisis in Ecuador

Juan Eduardo Munoz, Jose Victor Gallegos Munoz and Sergio Olivieri

9328: Transforming Teacher Education in the West Bank and Gaza: Policy Implications for Developing Countries

Andrew Burke, Ernesto Pancracio Cuadra, Tony Mahon, Juan Manuel Moreno Olmedilla and Simon Thacker

9327: The Lives and Livelihoods of Syrian Refugees in the Middle East: Evidence from the 2015-16 Surveys of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan, Lebanon, and Kurdistan, Iraq

Nandini Krishnan, Flavio Luiz Russo Riva, Dhiraj Sharma and Tara Vishwanath

9326: Coping with the Influx: Service Delivery to Syrian Refugees and Hosts in Jordan, Lebanon, and Kurdistan, Iraq

Nandini Krishnan, Flavio Luiz Russo Riva, Dhiraj Sharma and Tara Vishwanath

9325: Short-Run Welfare Impacts of Factory Jobs: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

Girum Abebe, Niklas Buehren and Markus Goldstein

9324: COVID-19 and EMDE Corporate Balance Sheet Vulnerabilities: A Simple Stress-Test Approach

Erik H.B. Feyen, Fernando Dancausa, Bryan O'Reilly Gurhy and Owen Nie