Policy Research Working Paper Series

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669: Are high real interest rates bad for world economic growth?

Nemat Shafik and Jalaleddin Jalali

668: Inflation tax and deficit financing in Egypt

Hinh Dinh and Marcelo Giugale

667: VERs under imperfect competition and foreign direct investment: a case study of the U.S. - Japan auto VER

Jaime de Melo and David Tarr

666: Agriculture and the transition to the market

Karen M. Brooks, Jose Luis Guasch, Avishay Braverman and Csaba Csaki

665: Microeconomic distortions: static losses and their effect on the efficiency of investment

Ramon Lopez

664: Should employee participation be part of privatization?

Barbara W. Lee

663: Bank holding companies: a better structure for conducting universal banking?

Samuel H. Talley

662: Trends in social indicators and social sector financing

Jacques van der Gaag, Elene Makonnen and Pierre Englebert

661: The Bretton Woods agencies and sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s: facing the tough questions

Richard E. Feinberg

660: The development of the Colombian cut flower industry

Jose Mendez

659: Inflation and growth in the transition from socialism: the case of Bulgaria

Andres Solimano

658: Cote d'Ivoire - Fiscal policy with fixed nominal exchange rates

Christophe Chamley and Hafez Ghanem

657: Distributional aspects of debt adjustment

Ishac Diwan and Thierry Verdier

656: Relative deprivation and migration: theory, evidence, and policy implications

Oded Stark and J. Edward Taylor

655: Interest rate policy in Egypt: its role in stabilization and adjustment

Mansoor Dailami and Hinh Dinh

654: Reflections on credit policy in developing countries: its effect on private investment

Mansoor Dailami and Marcelo Giugale

653: The effects of option hedging on the costs of domestic price stabilization schemes

Donald Larson and Jonathan Coleman

652: Demographic response to economic shock

Kenneth Hill

651: Taxation of financial assets in developing countries

Christophe Chamley

650: Administrative valuation of Soviet agricultural land: results using Lithuanian production data

Karen Brooks

649: An observation on the bias in clinic-based estimates of malnutrition rates

Margaret E. Grosh, Kristin Fox and Maria Jackson

648: Who paid the bill? Adjustment and poverty in Brazil, 1980-95

M. Louise Fox and Samuel A. Morley

647: Growth rates and aggregate welfare: an international comparison

Nanak Kakwani

646: The developmental effectiveness of aid to Africa

Tony Killick

645: Poverty, policy, and industrialization: lessons from the distant past

Ben Polak and Jeffrey Williamson

644: Trade and payments arrangements in post-CMEA Eastern and Central Europe

Constantine Michalopoulos and David Tarr

643: Regional integration among developing countries, revisited

Andras Inotai

642: How a change in Brazil's sugar policies would affect the world sugar market

Brent Borrell

641: Intertemporal substitution in consumption: evidence for some high- and middle-income countries

Karsten N. Pedersen

640: The impact of policy in African agriculture: an empirical investigation

William K. Jaeger

639: The high cost of protecting Uruguay's automotive industry

Wendy Takacs

638: Researching the trade - productivity link: new directions

James Tybout

637: Poverty in Poland: 1978-88

Branko Milanovic

636: Economic integration in Eastern Europe

Bela Balassa

635: Exchange rates and foreign tradein Korea

Bela Balassa

634: Trends in developing country exports, 1963-88

Bela Balassa

633: The macroeconomic effects of the public sector deficit: the case of Thailand

Virabongse Ramangkura and Bhanupongse Nidhiprabha

632: The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Argentina

Carlos Rodríguez

631: The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Morocco

Riccardo Faini

630: The spirit of capitalism and long-run growth

Heng-Fu Zou

629: An atheoretic evaluation of success in structural adjustment

Patrick Conway

628: The Indonesian family planning program: an economic perspective

Dov Chernichovsky, Henry Pardoko, David De Leeuw, Pudjo Rahardjo and Charles Lerman

627: The role of institutions in poverty reduction: a focus on the productive sectors

Sharon L. Holt

626: The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Colombia

William Easterly

625: How trade and macroeconomic policies affect economic growth and capital accumulation in developing countries

Ramon Lopez

624: Choosing policy instruments for pollution control: a review

Gunnar Eskeland and Emmanuel Jimenez

623: World Bank-supported adjustment programs: country performance and effectiveness

Vittorio Corbo and Patricio Rojas

622: How factors in creditor countries affect secondary market prices for developing country debt

Sule Ozler and Harry Huizinga

621: Sensible debt buybacks for highly indebted countries

Enrica Detragiache

620: Have commercial banks ignored history?

Sule Ozler

619: Foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa

Laurence Cockcroft and Roger C. Riddell

618: Poverty and development: the Human Development Report and the World Development Report, 1990

Ravi Kanbur

617: International poverty projections

Sudhir Anand and Ravi Kanbur

616: Optimal non-linear income taxation for the alleviation of income poverty

Ravi Kanbur, Michael Keen and Matti Toumala

615: Socialist economic growth and political investment cycles

Heng-Fu Zou

614: Accountability in public services: exit, voice and capture

Samuel Paul

613: Price - wage dynamics and the transmission of inflation in socialist economies: empirical models for Hungary and Poland

Simon Commander and Fabrizio Coricelli

612: Education and productivity in developing countries: an aggregate production function approach

Lawrence J. Lau, Dean Jamison and Frederic F. Louat

611: Tariff-based commodity price stabilization schemes in Venezuela

Jonathan R. Coleman and Donald Larson

610: Can preshipment inspection offset noncompetitive pricing of development countries'imports? The evidence from Madagascar

Alexander J. Yeats

609: A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions

Ross Levine and David Renelt

608: Cross-country studies of growth and policy: methodological, conceptual, and statistical problems

Ross Levine and David Renelt

607: Abolishing green rates: the effects on cereals, sugar, and oilseeds in West Germany

Donald Larson, Simon Glance, Brent Borrell, Merlinda Ingco and Jonathan Coleman

606: Adjustment policies and investment performance in developing countries: theory, country experiences, and policy implications

Luis Servén and Andres Solimano

605: Overview of contractual savings institutions

Dimitri Vittas and Michael Skully

604: Foreign trade and its relation to competition and productivity in Turkish industry

Faezeh Foroutan

603: The role of officially supported export credits in sub-Saharan Africa's external financing

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Refik Erzan

602: Firm output adjustment to trade liberalization: theory with application to the Moroccan experience

Mark Andrew Dutz

601: Europe, Middle East, and North Africa region population projections: 1990-91

Eduard Bos, Patience W. Stephens, My T. Vu and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

600: Latin America and the Caribbean region population projections: 1990-91

My T. Vu, Eduard Bos, Patience W. Stephens and Rodolfo Bulatao

599: Asia region population projections: 1990-91 edition

Eduard Bos, Patience W. Stephens, My T. Vu and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

598: Africa region population projections: 1990-91

Patience W. Stephens, Eduard Bos, My T. Vu and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

597: Rent sharing in the multi-fibre arrangement: theory and evidence from US apparel imports from Hong Kong

Refik Erzan, Kala Krishna and Ling Hui Tan

596: The Mexican sugar industry: problems and prospects

Brent Borrell

595: Hungary: financial sector reform in a socialist economy

Mario I. Blejer and Silvia B. Sagari

594: Size rationalization and trade exposure in developing countries

Mark Roberts and James Tybout

593: Risk management in sub-Saharan Africa

Stijn Claessens and Ying Qian

592: Official credits to developing countries: implicit transfers to the banks

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Harry Huizinga

591: Global indicators of nutritional risk

Rae Galloway

590: The domestic financial market and the trade liberalization outcome: the evidence from Sri Lanka

Prema-chandra Athukorala and Sarath Rajapatirana

589: To prescribe or not to prescribe: on the regulation of pharmaceuticals in less developed countries

Jeffrey Hammer

588: Obstacles to developing small and medium-sized enterprises: an empirical assessment

Brian Levy

587: Quantifying the magnitude and severity of absolute poverty in the developing world in the mid-1980s

Martin Ravallion, Gaurav Datt, Dominique van de Walle and Elaine Chan

586: The challenging arithmetic of poverty in Bangladesh

Martin Ravallion

585: Financial innovation and money demand: theory and empirical implementation

Patricio Arrau and Jose De Gregorio

584: Whither Hungary and the European communities?

Alfred Tovias and Sam Laird

583: World Bank lending for education research, 1982-89

Marlaine Lockheed and Alastair G. Rodd

582: Adjustment programs and Bank support: rationale and main results

Vittorio Corbo and Stanley Fischer

581: How successful is World Bank lending for structural adjustment?

Patrick Conway

580: Do natural resource-based industrialization strategies convey important (unrecognized) price benefits for commodity-exporting developing countries?

Alexander J. Yeats

579: Chile's experience with stabilization, revisited

Vittorio Corbo and Andres Solimano

578: The Bank's use of technical assistance for institutional development

Beatrice Buyck

577: Africa's rising inflation: causes, consequences, and cures

Ajay Chhibber

576: Lessons from tax reform: an overview

Wayne Thirsk

575: Household saving in developing countries: first cross-country evidence

Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, Steven B. Webb and Giancarlo Corsetti

574: Public policies and saving in developing countries

Vittorio Corbo and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

573: Malaysian labor markets under structural adjustment

Dipak Mazumdar

572: Capital positions of Japanese banks

Edward Kane, Haluk Unal and Asli Demirguc-Kunt

571: Credit's effect on productivity in Chinese agriculture: a microeconomic model of disequilibrium

Gershon Feder, Lawrence J. Lau, Justin Lin and Xiaopeng Luo

570: Debt concentration and secondary market prices

Raquel Fernandez and Sule Ozler