Policy Research Working Paper Series

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3249: Equity in educational expenditures: can government subsidies help?

Jishnu Das

3248: Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda

Klaus Deininger and Raffaella Castagnini

3247: The political economy of deposit insurance

Luc Laeven

3246: The quality of the legal system, firm ownership, andfirm size

Luc Laeven and Christopher Woodruff

3245: Educational expansion: evidence and interpretation

Mark Gradstein and Denis Nikitin

3244: Price effects of preferential market access: the Caribbean Basin Initiative and the apparel sector

Caglar Ozden and Gunjan Sharma

3243: Competing concepts of inequality in the globalization debate

Martin Ravallion

3242: Pro-poor growth: A primer

Martin Ravallion

3241: Environmental determinants of child mortality in rural china: A competing risks approach

Hanan Jacoby and Limin Wang

3240: Inefficient lobbying, populism and oligarchy

Filipe Campante and Francisco Ferreira

3239: The power of information: evidence from a newspaper campaign to reduce capture

Ritva Reinikka and Jakob Svensson

3238: Moving people to deliver services: how can the WTO help?

Sumanta Chaudhuri, Aaditya Mattoo and Richard Self

3237: Pre-empting protectionism in services - the WTO and outsourcing

Aaditya Mattoo and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent

3236: Professional development and incentives for teacher performance in schools in Mexico

Gladys Lopez Acevedo

3235: Household composition and the response of child labor supply to product market integration: evidence from Vietnam

Eric Edmonds and Eric V.

3234: Product market integration and household labor supply in a poor economy: evidence from Vietnam

Eric Edmonds, Eric V. and Nina Pavcnik

3233: Gender, time use, and models of the household

Patricia Apps

3232: Business environment and firm entry: Evidence from international data

Leora Klapper, Luc Laeven and Raghuram Rajan

3231: Incidence analysis of public support to the private education sector in Cote d'Ivoire

Christos Sakellariou and Harry Patrinos

3230: India: why fiscal adjustment now

Brian Pinto and Farah Zahir

3229: Housekeeping and plumbing - the investability of emerging markets

Jeppe Ladekarl and Sara Zervos

3228: Strained mercy: The quality of medical care in Delhi

Jishnu Das and Jeffrey Hammer

3227: Regulating islamic financial institutions: The nature of the regulated

El-Hawary, Dahlia, Wafik Grais and Zamir Iqbal

3226: Groundnut policies, global trade dynamics, and the impact of trade liberalization

Ndiame Diop, John Beghin and Mirvat Sewadeh

3225: When is growth pro-poor? Cross-country evidence

Aart Kraay

3224: Assessing the potential benefit of trade facilitation: A global perspective

John Wilson, Catherine Mann and Tsunehiro Otsuki

3223: Coordination failure in foreign aid

Maija Halonen-Akatwijuka

3222: Sugar policies opportunity for change

Donald Mitchell

3221: What do we know about competition agencies in emerging and transition countries? Evidence on workload, personnel, priority sectors, and training needs

Tomas Serebrisky

3220: Public management and essential public health functions

Peyvand Khaleghian and Monica Das Gupta

3219: A financial social accounting matrix for the integrated macroeconomic model for poverty analysis: application to Cameroon with a fixed-price multiplier analysis

Christian Emini and Hippolyte Fofack

3218: Cotton: Market setting, trade policies, and issues

John Baffes

3217: When can school inputs improve test scores?

Jishnu Das, Stefan Dercon, James Habyarimana and Pramila Krishnan

3216: Making the poor count takes more than counting the poor: A quick poverty assessment of the state of Bahia, Brazil

Dorte Verner

3215: Has the internet increased trade? Evidence from industrial and developing countries

George Clarke and Scott J. Wallsten

3214: Trademark protection or protectionism?

Eugenia Baroncelli, Ekaterina Krivonos and Marcelo Olarreaga

3213: On the measurement of product variety in trade

Robert Feenstra and Hiau Looi Kee

3212: Coping with risk through mismatches: domestic and international financial contracts for emerging economies

Augusto de la Torre, Sergio Schmukler and Sergio L.

3211: Enabling productive but asset-poor farmers to succeed: A risk financing framework

Eugene Gurenko and Mahul Olivier

3210: How foreign participation and market concentration impact bank spreads: evidence from Latin America

Maria Martinez Peria and Ashoka Mody

3209: Community-based (and driven) development: A critical review

Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao

3208: A conceptual framework for retirement products: Risk sharing arrangements between providers and retirees

Gregorio Impavido, Craig Thorburn and Mike Wadsworth

3207: The limits to competition in urban bus services in developing countries

Antonio Estache and Andres Gomez-Lobo

3206: On the geography of trade: distance is alive and well

Celine Carrere and Maurice Schiff

3205: Poor people's knowledge: helping poor people to earn from their knowledge

Joseph Finger

3204: The determinants of financing obstacles

Thorsten Beck, Luc Laeven and Vojislav Maksimovic

3203: Financial development, growth, and poverty: how close are the links?

Patrick Honohan

3202: Governance and bank valuation

Gerard Caprio, Luc Laeven and Ross Levine

3201: A literature review on the use of expert opinion in probabilistic risk analysis

Fumika Ouchi

3200: When is external debt sustainable?

Aart Kraay and Vikram Nehru

3199: On the measurement of solvency of insurance companies: recent developments that will alter methodsadopted in emerging markets

Craig Thorburn

3198: Market access for sale: Latin America's lobbying for U.S. tariff preferences

Hiau Looi Kee, Marcelo Olarreaga and Peri Silva

3197: Building and running general equilibrium models in EViews

Essama-Nssah

3196: Technological asymmetry among foreign investors and mode of entry

Beata Javorcik and Kamal Saggi

3195: Government procurement: Market access, transparency, and multilateral trade rules

Simon Evenett and Bernard Hoekman

3194: Law and firms'access to finance

Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

3193: Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country

Denise Konan and Keith Maskus

3192: Greenfield foreign direct investment and mergers and acquisitions - feedback and macroeconomic effects

Cesar Calderon, Norman Loayza and Luis Servén

3191: Robustness of subjective welfare analysis in a poor developing country - Madagascar 2001

Michael Lokshin, Nithin Umapathi and Stefano Paternostro

3190: On the quantity and quality of knowledge - the impact of openness and foreign research and development on North-North and North-South technology spillovers

Maurice Schiff and Yanling Wang

3189: Do market pressures induce economic efficiency ? The case of Slovenian manufacturing, 1994-2001

Peter Orazem and Milan Vodopivec

3188: Trading market access for competition policy enforcement

Bernard Hoekman and Kamal Saggi

3187: To serve the community or oneself - the public servant's dilemma

Abigail Barr, Magnus Lindelow and Pieter Serneels

3186: Donor fragmentation and bureaucratic quality in aid recipients

Stephen Knack and Aminur Rahman

3185: Does infrastructure reform work for the poor? A case study from Guatemala

Vivien Foster and M. Caridad Araujo

3184: Volatility and growth

Viktoria Hnatkovska and Norman Loayza

3183: Conflicts of interest in self-regulation: can demutualized exchanges successfully manage them?

John W. Carson

3182: The International Finance Corporation's MBA survey: how developing country firms rate local business school training

Azam Chaudhry

3181: Temporary sequestration credits: an instrument for carbon bears

Kenneth M. Chomitz and Franck Lecocq

3180: Equitable provision of long-term public goods: the role of negotiation mandates

Franck Lecocq and Jean-Charles Hourcade

3179: International migration, remittances, and poverty in developing countries

Richard Adams and John Page

3178: Small and medium enterprises, growth, and poverty: cross-country evidence

Thorsten Beck and Ross Levine

3177: Does infrastructure reform work for the poor? A case study on the cities of La Paz and El Alto in Bolivia

Vivien Foster and Osvaldo Irusta

3176: Location decisions and nongovernmental organization motivation: evidence from rural Bangladesh

Anna Fruttero and Varun Gauri

3175: The use of"asset swaps"by institutional investors in South Africa

Dimitri Vittas

3174: Inequality of outcomes and inequality of opportunities in Brazil

François Bourguignon, Francisco Ferreira and Marta Menéndez

3173: Distributional effects of crises: the role of financial transfers

Marina Halac and Sergio Schmukler

3172: Supply-side school improvement and the learning achievement of the poorest children in indigenous and rural schools - the case of PARE

Vicente Paqueo and Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

3171: On the use of transparent formulae to allocate federal education transfers

Vicente Paqueo, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Suhas Parandekar

3170: Direct support to private firms - evidence on effectiveness

Geeta Batra and Syed Mahmood

3169: Is inequality in Africa really different ?

Branko Milanovic

3168: Banking in developing countries in the 1990s

James A. Hanson

3167: Combining insurance, contingent debt, and self-retention in an optimal corporate risk financing strategy

Eugene Gurenko and Olivier Mahul

3166: In measuring aggregate"social efficiency"

Martin Ravallion

3165: Social protection in a crisis - Argentina's Plan Jefes y Jefas

Emanuela Galasso and Martin Ravallion

3164: Democracy, public expenditures, and the poor

Philip Keefer and Stuti Khemani

3163: Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The role of infrastructure

Marianne Fay, Danny Leipziger, Quentin Wodon and Tito Yepes

3162: The political economy of public spending on education, inequality, and growth

Mark Gradstein

3161: Liquidity needs and vulnerability to financial udnerdevelopment

Claudio Raddatz

3160: Monetary policy and sectoral shocks: did the Federal Reserve react properly to the high-tech crisis?

Claudio Raddatz and Roberto Rigobon

3159: Does judicial efficiency lower the cost of credit

Luc Laeven and Giovanni Majnoni

3158: Restoring economic growth in Argentina

William Cline

3157: On the utility consistency of poverty lines

Martin Ravallion and Michael Lokshin

3156: Tariff evasion and customs corruption: does pre-shipment inspection help?

Olivier Cadot, José Ansón and Marcelo Olarreaga

3155: Evaluating the impact of infrastructure rehabilitation projects on household welfare in rural Georgia

Michael Lokshin and Ruslan Yemtsov

3154: The twin effects of globalization

Francesco Daveri, Paolo Manasse and Danilo Serra

3153: Gender and poverty: a life cycle approach to the analysis of the differences in gender outcomes

Michael Lokshin and Thomas Mroz

3152: The long-run economic costs of AIDS: theory and an application to South Africa

Clive Bell, Shantayanan Devarajan and Hans Gersbach

3151: A multi-output cost function for port terminals: some guidelines for regulation

Lourdes Trujillo, Sergio Jara-Diaz and Beatriz Tovar

3150: Income-related biases in international trade: what do trademark registration data tell us?

Carsten Fink, Beata Javorcik and Mariana Spatareanu