Policy Research Working Paper Series

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8469: The road to recovery: the role of poverty in the exposure, vulnerability and resilience to floods in Accra

Alvina Elisabeth Erman, Elliot Gaston Motte, Radhika Goyal, Akosua Boahemaa Asare, Shinya Takamatsu, Xiaomeng Chen, Silvia Malgioglio, Alexander Skinner, Nobuo Yoshida and Stephane Hallegatte

8468: How much has Nepal lost in the last decade due to load shedding? an economic assessment using a CGE model

Govinda R. Timilsina, Prakash Sapkota and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

8467: Inequality and economic growth: the role of initial income

Markus Brueckner and Daniel Lederman

8466: Rural roads and local economic development

Samuel Edward Asher and Paul Novosad

8465: Anatomy of credit-less recoveries

Luis Corrado and Isolina Rossi

8464: Gendered language

Pamela Jakiela and Owen Ozier

8463: Sustainable development goal diagnostics: the case of the Arab Republic of Egypt

H. Amin-Salem, M.H. El-Maghrabi, Israel Osorio-Rodarte and Jos Verbeek

8462: Understanding forests'contribution to poverty alleviation: a framework for interventions in forested areas

Priya Shyamsundar, Sofia Elisabet Ahlroth, Patricia M. Kristjanson and Stefanie Onder

8461: Taking stock of economic regulation of power utilities in the developing world: a literature review

Martin Augusto Rodriguez Pardina and Julieta Schiro

8460: Taking stock of the impact of power utility reform in developing countries: a literature review

Robert W. Bacon

8459: Predicting individual wellbeing through test scores: evidence from a national assessment in Mexico

Rafael De Hoyos, Ricardo Estrada and Maria Jose Vargas

8458: Quantifying the impacts of capturing territory from the government in the Republic of Yemen

Sharad Tandon

8457: The burden of water shortages on informal firms

Asif Mohammed Islam

8456: The globalization of farmland: theory and empirical evidence

Rabah Arezki, Christian Bogmans and Harris Selod

8455: Social protection in Niger: what have shocks and time got to say ?

Francis Annan and Aly Sanoh

8454: What teachers believe: mental models about accountability, absenteeism, and student learning

Shwetlena Sabarwal and Malek Abu-Jawdeh

8453: Conflict and the nature of precautionary wealth

Leila Aghabarari, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfick Rostom and Rishabh Sinha

8452: Technology, taxation, and corruption: evidence from the introduction of electronic tax filing

Oyebola Motunrayo Okunogbe and Victor Pouliquen

8451: Shared prosperity: concepts, data, and some policy examples

Francisco Ferreira, Emanuela Galasso and Mario Negre

8450: Services development and comparative advantage in manufacturing

Xuepeng Liu, Aaditya Mattoo, Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei

8449: Social accountability and service delivery: experimental evidence from Uganda

Nathan V. Fiala and Patrick Premand

8448: Using courts to realize education rights: reflections from India and Indonesia

Andrew Rosser and Anuradha Joshi

8446: How preferential is preferential trade ?

Alvaro Raul Espitia Rueda, Aaditya Mattoo, Mondher Mimouni, Xavier Pichot and Nadia Rocha

8445: The labor productivity gap between female and male-managed firms in the formal private sector

Asif Islam, Isis Gaddis, Amparo Palacios-Lopez and Mohammad Amin

8444: Overview and meta-analysis of global water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) impact evaluations

Luis Andres, Christian Borja-Vega, Crystal Fenwick, Jaime De Jesus Filho and Ronald Eduardo Gomez Suarez

8443: Investment under risks and uncertainty in Afghanistan

Subika Farazi, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfick Rostom and Rishabh Sinha

8442: Food insecurity and rising food prices: what do we learn from experiential measures ?

Dean Jolliffe, Ilana Julie Seff and Alejandro De La Fuente

8441: Welfare dynamics in Colombia: results from synthetic panels

Carlos Balcazar, Hai-Anh Dang, Eduardo Malasquez, Sergio Daniel Olivieri and Julieth Pico

8440: Better than most: teacher beliefs about effort and ability in Uganda

Shwetlena Sabarwal, Kanishka Kacker and James Paul Habyarimana

8439: Clientelism in the public sector: why public service reforms fail and what to do about it

Tessa Bold, Ezequiel Molina and Abla Safir

8438: Multidimensional connectivity: benefits, risks, and policy implications for Europe and Central Asia

David Michael Gould, Dror Yossef Kenett and Georgi Lyudmilov Panterov

8437: Using satellite imagery to revolutionize creation of tax maps and local revenue collection

Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus W. Deininger and Michael-000475260 Wild

8436: Inflation, liquidity and innovation

Michael Evers, Stefan Niemann and Marc Tobias Schiffbauer

8435: Community-driven development: myths and realities

Susan Wong and Scott E. Guggenheim

8434: The impact of positive agricultural income shocks on rural Chinese households

Jessica Ellen Leight

8433: Gender gap in earnings in Vietnam: why do Vietnamese women work in lower paid occupations?

Iffat Ara Chowdhury, Hillary C. Johnson, Aneesh Mannava and Elizaveta Perova

8432: Inequality of opportunity in South Caucasus

Alan Fuchs Tarlovsky, Sailesh Tiwari and Akhmad Rizal Shidiq

8431: International data flows and privacy: the conflict and its resolution

Aaditya Mattoo and Joshua Paul Meltzer

8430: Household expenditure and poverty measures in 60 minutes: a new approach with results from Mogadishu

Utz Pape and Johan A. Mistiaen

8429: Who benefits from dual training systems ? evidence from the Philippines

Takiko Igarashi and Pablo Ariel Acosta

8428: Political connections and firms: network dimensions

Maurizio Bussolo, Simon John Commander and Stavros Poupakis

8427: A randomized evaluation of a low-cost and highly scripted teaching method to improve basic early grade reading skills in Papua New Guinea

Kevin Macdonald and Binh Thanh Vu

8426: Do demographics matter for African child poverty ?

Yele Batana and John Cockburn

8425: Infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scorecard

Cesar Calderon, Catalina Cantu and Punam Chuhan-Pole

8424: The use of financial incentives to prevent undesirable behaviors

Damien de Walque

8423: Trade linkages between the belt and road economies

Mauro Boffa

8422: One more time: what are institutions and how do they change?

Roumeen Islam

8421: School costs, short-run participation, and long-run outcomes: evidence from Kenya

David Evans and Irene Muthoni Ngatia

8420: Designing pension systems with coherent funded private pillars including issues for notional defined contribution schemes

William Joseph Price

8419: The 2014-16 oil price collapse in retrospect: sources and implications

Marc Stocker, John Baffes, Y. Modeste Some, Dana Lauren Vorisek and Collette Mari Wheeler

8418: Capital flow measures: structural or cyclical policy tools?

Poonam Gupta and Oliver Masetti

8417: Banking with agents: experimental evidence from Senegal

Sinja Buri, Robert Cull, Xavier Gine, Sven Harten and Soren Heitmann

8416: Impact of free trade agreement use on import prices

Kazunobu Hayakawa, Nuttawut Laksanapanyakul, Hiroshi Mukunoki and Shujiro Urata

8415: Jobs ! electricity shortages and unemployment in Africa

Justice Tei Mensah

8414: Estimating intergenerational mobility with incomplete data: coresidency and truncation bias in rank-based relative and absolute mobility measures

M. Shahe Emran and Forhad J. Shilpi

8413: Transport connectivity and health care access: evidence from Liberia

Atsushi Iimi and Kulwinder Singh Rao

8412: Efficiency, legitimacy and impacts of targeting methods: evidence from an experiment in Niger

Patrick Premand and Pascale Schnitzer

8411: Firm location, transport connectivity, and agglomeration economies: Evidence from Liberia

Atsushi Iimi and Kulwinder Singh Rao

8410: Place-based policies for development

Gilles Duranton and Anthony Venables

8409: The economics of the gender wage gap in Armenia

Lourdes Rodriguez Chamussy, Nistha Sinha and Andrea Atencio

8408: Electricity provision and tax mobilization in Africa

Moussa Blimpo, Justice Tei Mensah, Opalo,K. Ochieng? and Ruifan Shi

8407: Why are connection charges so high ? an analysis of the electricity sector in Sub-Saharan Africa

Moussa Blimpo, Shaun McRae and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

8406: Sharing the benefits of innovation-digitization: a summary of market processes and policy suggestions

Roumeen Islam

8405: Capital inflows, equity issuance activity, and corporate investment

Charles W. Calomiris, Mauricio Larrain and Sergio Schmukler

8404: The effects of cash transfers on adult labor market outcomes

Sarah Jane Baird, David McKenzie and Berk Özler

8403: To impute or not to impute ? a review of alternative poverty estimation methods in the context of unavailable consumption data

Hai-Anh Dang

8402: Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature

George Psacharopoulos and Harry Patrinos

8401: Closer, but no cigar: intergenerational mobility across caste groups in India

Rishabh Sinha

8400: Determinants and dynamics of business aspirations: evidence from small-scale entrepreneurs in an emerging market

Patricio Dalton, Julius Rüschenpöhler and Bilal Zia

8399: Communism as the unhappy coming

Simeon Djankov and Elena Nikolova

8398: Interest rate caps: the theory and the practice

Aurora Ferrari, Oliver Masetti and Jiemin Ren

8397: Surviving firms of the Syrian Arab Republic: a rapid assessment

Kinley Clemens Salmon, Nabila Assaf and David C. Francis

8396: Understanding effective teaching practices in Chinese classrooms: evidence from a pilot study of primary and junior secondary schools in Guangdong, China

Andrew Moore Coflan, Andrew B. Ragatz, Amer Hasan and Yilin Pan

8395: Does workfare work well ? the case of the employment generation program for the poorest in Bangladesh

Yoonyoung Cho and Ummul Hasanath Ruthbah

8394: Lobbying for capital tax benefits and misallocation of resources during a credit crunch

Gabriel Roberto Zaourak

8393: The impact of interest rate caps on the financial sector: evidence from commercial banks in Kenya

Mehnaz S. Safavian and Bilal Zia

8392: Paris climate agreement and the global economy: winners and losers

Muthukumara S. Mani, Zekarias Hussein, Badri Narayanan Gopalakrishnan and Deepika Wadhwa

8391: Taxation and the shadow economy: how the tax system can stimulate and enforce the formalization of business activities

Rajul Awasthi and Michael Engelschalk

8390: Assessing fiscal space in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cesar Calderon, Punam Chuhan-Pole and Yirbehogre Modeste Some

8389: Peacekeeping and development in fragile states: micro-level evidence from Liberia

Eric Mvukiyehe

8388: Why are so many water points in Nigeria non-functional?: an empirical analysis of contributing factors

Luis Andres, Gnanaraj Chellaraj, Basab Das Gupta, Jonathan Grabinsky and George Joseph

8387: Too small to be beautiful?: the farm size and productivity relationship in Bangladesh

Madhur Gautam and Mansur Ahmed

8386: What investors want: perceptions and experiences of multinational corporations in developing countries

Peter Kusek and Andrea Antonia Lim Silva

8385: Obstacles on the road to Palestinian economic growth

Roy van der Weide, Bob Rijkers, Brian Blankespoor and Alexei Sisulu Abrahams

8384: Public works programs and crime: evidence for El Salvador

Pablo Ariel Acosta and Emma Mercedes Monsalve Montiel

8383: Access to employment and property values in Mexico

Laura H. Atuesta, J. Eduardo Ibarra-Olivo, Nancy Lozano Gracia and Uwe Deichmann

8382: Fiscal incentives and firm performance: evidence from the Dominican Republic

Alessandra Amendola, Marinella Boccia, Gianluca Mele and Luca Sensini

8381: Unemployment and violent extremism: evidence from Daesh foreign recruits

Mohamed Abdel Jelil, Kartika Bhatia, Anne Brockmeyer, Quy-Toan Do and Clément Joubert

8380: Growth, safety nets and poverty: assessing progress in Ethiopia from 1996 to 2011

Ruth Hill and Eyasu Tsehaye

8379: Reflections of employers'gender preferences in job ads in India: an analysis of online job portal data

Afra Rahman Chowdhury, Ana Carolina Areias, Saori Imaizumi, Shinsaku Nomura and Futoshi Yamauchi

8378: Asymmetric information on noncognitive skills in the Indian labor market: an experiment in online job portal

Futoshi Yamauchi, Shinsaku Nomura, Saori Imaizumi, Ana Carolina Areias and Afra Rahman Chowdhury

8377: General equilibrium effects of targeted cash transfers: nutrition impacts on non-beneficiary children

Deon Filmer, Jed Friedman, Eeshani Kandpal and Junko Onishi

8376: Risk preferences and the decision to flee conflict

Lidia Ceriani and Paolo Verme

8375: Safety nets and natural disaster mitigation: evidence from cyclone Phailin in Odisha

Paul J. Christian, Eeshani Kandpal, Nethra Palaniswamy and Vijayendra Rao

8374: Eyes in the sky, boots on the ground: assessing satellite- and ground-based approaches to crop yield measurement and analysis in Uganda

David B. Lobell, George Azzari, Burke Marshall, Sydney Gourlay, Zhenong Jin, Talip Kilic and Siobhan Murray

8373: Credit risk dynamics of infrastructure investment: considerations for financial regulators

Andreas Alexander Jobst

8372: The speed of justice

Florence Kondylis and Mattea Stein

8371: An evaluation of the contributing factors of water scheme failures in Nigeria

Luis Andres, Gnanaraj Chellaraj, Basab Das Gupta, Jonathan Grabinsky and George Joseph

8370: The distributional impact of the fiscal system in Albania

Maria Eugenia Davalos, Monica Robayo-Abril, Esmeralda Shehaj and Aida Gjika

8369: Long-run impacts of increasing tobacco taxes: evidence from South Africa

Alan Fuchs Tarlovsky, Giselle Del Carmen and Alfred Mukong