Policy Research Working Paper Series

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4518: Chile: a strategy to promote innovative small and medium enterprises

Mike Goldberg and Eric Palladini

4517: Accessibility and affordability of tertiary education in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru within a global context

Yuki Murakami and Andreas Blom

4516: Determinants of a digital divide in Sub-Saharan Africa: a spatial econometric analysis of cell phone coverage

Piet Buys, Susmita Dasgupta, Tim Thomas and David Wheeler

4515: Remittances, consumption and investment in Ghana

Richard Adams, Alfredo Cuecuecha and John Page

4514: Competition and demographics

Mohammad Amin

4513: Brazil within Brazil: testing the poverty map methodology in Minas Gerais

Chris Elbers, Peter Lanjouw and Phillippe George Leite

4512: Does participation in productive associations signal trust and creditworthiness ? evidence for Nicaragua

Diego Angel-Urdinola and Ezequiel Molina

4511: Madrasas and NGOs: complements or substitutes ? non-state providers and growth in female education in Bangladesh

M Asadullah and Nazmul Chaudhury

4510: Poisoning the mind: arsenic contamination and cognitive achievement of children

M Asadullah and Nazmul Chaudhury

4509: Regulatory agencies: impact on firm performance and social welfare

Antonio Estache and Martín Rossi

4508: Social interactions and student achievement in a developing country: An instrumental variables approach

M Asadullah and Nazmul Chaudhury

4507: Agency, education and networks: gender and international migration from Albania

Guy Stecklov, Calogero Carletto, Carlo Azzarri and Benjamin Davis

4506: Measuring the performance and achievement of social objectives of development finance institutions

Manuela Francisco, Yira Mascaro, Juan Carlos Mendoza and Jacob Yaron

4505: A short note on the ATP fund of Denmark

Dimitri Vittas

4504: Inequality in Latin America: determinants and consequences

Humberto Lopez and Guillermo Perry

4503: Decentralization and the provision of public services: framework and implementation

Aehyung Kim

4502: Does Hepatitis B infection or son preference explain the bulk of gender imbalance in China ?: a review of the evidence

Monica Das Gupta

4501: The quality of medical advice in low-income countries

Jishnu Das, Jeffrey Hammer and Kenneth Leonard

4500: Health and civil war in rural Burundi

Tom Bundervoet, Philip Verwimp and Richard Akresh

4499: Upgrading the investment policy framework of public pension funds

Dimitri Vittas, Gregorio Impavido and Ronan O'Connor

4498: Quantifying institutional impacts and development synergies in water resource programs: a methodology with application to the Kala Oya basin, Sri Lanka

R. Maria Saleth and Ariel Dinar

4497: How sensitive are Latin American exports to Chinese competition in the U.S. market ?

José López-Córdova, Alejandro Micco and Danielken Molina

4496: Subnational insolvency: cross-country experiences and lessons

Lili Liu and Michael Waibel

4495: Mental health patterns and consequences: results from survey data in five developing countries

Jishnu Das, Quy-Toan Do, Jed Friedman and David McKenzie

4494: Regulatory governance and sector performance: methodology and evaluation for Electricity distribution in Latin America

Luis Andres, Jose Luis Guasch and Sebastian Lopez Azumendi

4493: Where in the world are you ? Assessing the importance of circumstance and effort in a world of different mean country incomes and (almost) no migration

Branko Milanovic

4492: How does bribery affect public service delivery ? micro-evidence from service users and public officials in Peru

Daniel Kaufmann, Montoriol-Garriga, Judit and Francesca Recanatini

4491: Risk-based supervision of pension funds: a review of international experience and preliminary assessment of the first outcomes

Gregory Brunner, Richard Hinz and Roberto Rocha

4490: Risk sharing opportunities and macroeconomic factors in Latin American and Caribbean countries: A consumption insurance assessment

Luigi Ventura

4489: Agro-manufactured export prices, wages and unemployment

Guido Porto

4488: Realizing the gains from trade: export crops, marketing costs, and poverty

Jorge Balat, Irene Brambilla and Guido Porto

4487: Fiscal redistribution and income inequality in Latin America

Edwin Goni, Humberto Lopez and Luis Servén

4486: On the welfarist rationale for relative poverty lines

Martin Ravallion

4485: Living on the edge -- risk, protection, behavior, and outcomes of Argentine youth

Michael Justesen

4484: On measuring the benefits of lower transport costs

Hanan Jacoby and Bart Minten

4483: Enforceability of labor law: evidence from a labor court in Mexico

David Kaplan and Joyce Sadka

4482: The impact of regional liberalization and harmonization in road transport services: a focus on Zambia and lessons for landlocked countries

Gaël Raballand, Charles Kunaka and Bo Giersing

4481: Bank financing to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia

Constantinos Stephanou and Camila Rodriguez

4480: Aid, growth, and real exchange rate dynamics

Shantayanan Devarajan, Delfin Go, John Page, Sherman Robinson and Karen Thierfelder

4479: Bosnia and Herzegovina 2001-2004: enterprise restructuring, labor market transitions and poverty

Erwin R. Tiongson and Ruslan Yemtsov

4478: Joseph E. Stiglitz

Karla Hoff

4477: Finding missing markets (and a disturbing epilogue): evidence from an export crop adoption and marketing intervention in Kenya

Nava Ashraf, Xavier Gine and Dean Karlan

4476: Informality among formal firms: firm-level, cross-country evidence on tax compliance and access to credit

Roberta Gatti and Maddalena Honorati

4475: Managing post-disaster reconstruction finance -- international experience in public financial management

Wolfgang Fengler, Ahya Ihsan and Kai Kaiser

4474: Indigenous and colonial origins of comparative economic development: the case of colonial India and Africa

C. A. Bayly

4473: Patterns of export diversification in developing countries: intensive and extensive margins

Amurgo-Pacheco, Alberto and Martha Denisse Pierola

4472: Rising growth, declining investment: the puzzle of the Philippines

Alessandro Magnoli Bocchi

4471: Distortions to agricultural incentives in Australia since world war II

Kym Anderson, Peter Lloyd and Donald MacLaren

4470: Can China continue feeding itself ? the impact of climate change on agriculture

Jinxia Wang, Robert Mendelsohn, Ariel Dinar, Jikun Huang, Scott Rozelle and Lijuan Zhang

4469: Finance, financial sector policies, and long-run growth

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

4468: Finance and economic opportunity

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

4467: Foreign bank acquisitions and outreach: evidence from Mexico

Thorsten Beck and Maria Martinez Peria

4466: On SARS type economic effects during infectious disease outbreaks

Milan Brahmbhatt and Arindam Dutta

4465: Formal versus informal finance: evidence from China

Meghana Ayyagari, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

4464: Regionalism and trade facilitation: a primer

Jean-Christophe Maur

4463: Are there lessons for africa from China's success against poverty ?

Martin Ravallion

4462: Bypassing health providers: the quest for better price and quality of health care in Chad

Bernard Gauthier and Waly Wane

4461: Services trade and growth

Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo

4460: Infrastructure and growth in developing countries: recent advances and research challenges

Stephane Straub

4459: (UN)Bundling public-private partnership contracts in the water sector: competition in auctions and economies of scale in operation

Atsushi Iimi

4458: An alternative framework for foreign exchange risk management of sovereign debt

Martin Melecký

4457: Who are the net food importing countries ?

Francis Ng and M. Ataman Aksoy

4456: Aid inflows and the real effective exchange rate in Tanzania

Ying Li and Francis Rowe

4455: Where to sell ? market facilities and agricultural marketing

Forhad Shilpi and Umali-Deininger, Dina

4454: Land rental markets in the process of rural structural transformation: productivity and equity impacts in China

Klaus Deininger and Songqing Jin

4453: Is Accra a superstar city ?

Robert Buckley and Ashna Mathema

4452: Fiscal spending and economic performance: some stylized facts

Celine Carrere and Jaime de Melo

4451: Regulatory cooperation, aid for trade and the general agreement on trade in services

Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo

4450: Developing countries and enforcement of trade agreements: why dispute settlement is not enough

Chad Bown and Bernard Hoekman

4449: Does it pay firms to register for taxes ? the impact of formality on firm profitability

David McKenzie and Yaye Seynabou Sakho

4448: Land reforms, poverty reduction, and economic growth: evidence from India

Klaus Deininger, Songqing Jin and Hari Nagarajan

4447: Securing property rights in transition: lessons from implementation of China's rural land contracting law

Klaus Deininger and Songqing Jin

4446: What matters to African firms ? the relevance of perceptions data

Alan Gelb, Vijaya Ramachandran, Manju Kedia Shah and Ginger Turner

4445: Emerging market liquidity and crises

Eduardo Levy Yeyati, Sergio Schmukler and Neeltje Van Horen

4444: The impoverishing effect of adverse health events: evidence from the western Balkans

Mariapia Mendola, Caryn Bredenkamp and Michele Gragnolati

4443: Human capital and university-industry linkages'role in fostering firm innovation: an empirical study of Chile and Colombia

Daniela Marotta, Michael Mark, Andreas Blom and Kristian Thorn

4442: Assessing the functioning of land rental markets in Ethiopia

Klaus Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali and Tekie Alemu

4441: Early development economics debates revisited

Michele Alacevich

4440: Affordability and subsidies in public urban transport: what do we mean, what can be done?

Nicolas Estupinan, Andres Gomez-Lobo, Munoz-Raskin, Ramon and Tomas Serebrisky

4439: Does corruption impact on firms'ability to conduct business in Mauritania ? evidence from investment climate survey data

Manuela Francisco and Nicola Pontara

4438: Annuities in Switzerland

Monika Bütler and Martin Ruesch

4437: Pension institutions and annuities in Denmark

Carsten Andersen and Peter Skjodt

4436: Public-private partnerships in transport

Antonio Estache, Ellis J. Juan and Lourdes Trujillo

4435: When do enterprises prefer informal credit ?

Mehnaz Safavian and Joshua Wimpey

4434: Litigation and settlement: new evidence from labor courts in Mexico

David Kaplan, Joyce Sadka and Silva-Mendez, Jorge Luis

4433: Mexican employment dynamics: evidence from matched firm-worker data

David Kaplan, Gabriel Martinez and Raymond Robertson

4432: Does employment generation really matter for poverty reduction ?

Catalina Gutierrez, Carlo Orecchia, Pierella Paci and Pieter Serneels

4431: Poverty reduction without economic growth ? explaining Brazil's poverty dynamics, 1985-2004

Francisco Ferreira, Phillippe G. Leite and Martin Ravallion

4430: The composition of public expenditure and growth: a small-scale intertemporal model for low-income countries

Nihal Bayraktar and Emmanuel Pinto Moreira

4429: Comparative analysis of labor market dynamics using markov processes: an application to informality

Mariano Bosch and William Maloney

4428: Russian WTO accession: what has been accomplished, what can be expected

David Tarr

4427: Distributional effects of educational improvements:are we using the wrong model ?

François Bourguignon and F. Rogers

4426: Statistical analysis of rainfall insurance payouts in southern India

Xavier Gine, Robert Townsend and James Vickery

4425: Insurance, credit, and technology adoption: field experimental evidence from Malawi

Xavier Gine and Dean Yang

4424: Improving nutritional status through behavioral change: lessons from Madagascar

Emanuela Galasso and Nithin Umapathi

4423: Regional integration in South Asia: what role for trade facilitation ?

John Wilson and Tsunehiro Otsuki

4422: Improving indoor air quality for poor families: a controlled experiment in Bangladesh

Susmita Dasgupta, Mainul Huq, M. Khaliquzzaman and David Wheeler

4421: The determinants of HIV infection and related sexual behaviors: evidence from Lesotho

Lucia Corno and Damien de Walque

4420: Diffusion of the internet: a cross-country analysis

Luis Andres, David Cuberes, Mame Astou Diouf and Tomas Serebrisky

4419: Surveying migrant households: a comparison of census-based, snowball, and intercept point surveys

David McKenzie and Johan Mistiaen