Policy Research Working Paper Series

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178: Tax holidays and investments

Jack Mintz

177: Cash flow or income?: the choice of base for company taxation

Jack Mintz and Jesus Seade

176: Credit rationing, tenancy, productivity, and the dynamics of inequality

Avishay Braverman and Joseph Stiglitz

175: An integrated model of perennial and annual crop production for Sub-Saharan countries

Robert Weaver

174: Trade restrictions with imported intermediate inputs: when does the trade balance improve?

Ramon Lopez and Dani Rodrik

173: Hospital management staffing and training issues

Julio Frenk, Enrique Ruelas and Avedis Donabedian

172: The effects of Peru's push to improve education

Elizabeth King and Rosemary T. Bellew

171: The cost-effectiveness of national training systems in developing countries

Christopher Dougherty

170: General training under asymmetric information

Eliakim Katz and Adrian Ziderman

169: Financial sector reforms in adjustment programs

Alan Gelb and Patrick Honahan

168: Technological change from inside: a review of breakthroughs

Ashoka Mody

167: Do price increases for staple foods help or hurt the rural poor?

Martin Ravallion

166: Achieving and sustaining universal primary education: international experience relevant to India

Nat J. Colletta and Margaret Sutton

165: Shifting patterns of comparative advantage: manufactured exports in developing countries

Alexander James Yeats

164: Intersectoral financial flows in developing countries

Patrick Honohan and Izak Atiyas

163: How infrastructure and financial institutions affect agricultural output and investment in India

Hans Binswanger-Mkhize, Shahidur Khandker and Mark Rosenzweig

162: Inflation in Argentina: stop and go since the Austral plan

Miguel A. Kiguel

161: Commodity indexed debt in international lending

Timothy Besley and Andrew Powell

160: Evaluating the performance of public enterprises in Pakistan

Mary M. Shirley

0160: Identifying Urban Areas by Combining Human Judgment and Machine Learning: An Application to India

Virgilio Galdo, Yue-000316086 Li and Martin Rama

159: Current international gas trades and prices

Kay McKeough

158: Labor redundancy in the transport sector

Alice Galenson

157: A policy model for Tunisia with real and financial flows

Martha de Melo, Marc Leduc and Setareh Razmara

156: Credit cooperatives in Israeli agriculture

Yoav Kislev, Zvi Lerman and Pinhas Zusman

155: Measuring adult mortality in developing countries: a review and assessment of methods

Ian Timaeus and Wendy Graham

154: Forecasting, uncertainty, and public project appraisal

Jock Anderson

153: An analysis of debt-reduction schemes initiated by debtor countries

Ishac Diwan and Stijn Claessens

152: Subsidies and countervailing measures: economic considerations

Bela Balassa

151: U.S. trade policy towards developing countries

Bela Balassa

150: Improving the currency composition of external debt: applications in Indonesia and Turkey

Ken Kroner and Stijn Claessens

149: Reflections on perestroyka and the foreign economic ties of the USSR

Bela Balassa

148: Impact of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system on the World's coffee market

Takamasa Akiyama and Panayotis Varangis

147: The private sector's response to financial liberalization in Turkey: 1980-82

Izak Atiyas

146: Exchange rate based disinflation, wage rigidity, and capital inflows: tradeoffs for Chile, 1977-81

Timothy Condon, Vittorio Corbo and Jaime de Melo

145: Revenue raising taxes: general equilibrium evaluation of alternative taxation in U.S. petroleum industries

Jaime de Melo, Julie Stanton and David Tarr

144: Product differentiation and foreign trade in CGE models of small economies

Jaime de Melo and Sherman Robinson

143: Decentralization in education: an economic perspective

Donald R. Winkler

142: Vocational secondary schooling in Israel: a study of labor market outcomes

Adrian Ziderman

141: Payroll taxes for financing training in developing countries

Adrian Ziderman

140: Building educational evaluation capacity in developing countries

John Middleton, James Terry and Deborah Bloch

139: A conceptual framework for adjustment policies

Bela Balassa

138: Fiscal adjustment and deficit financing during the debt crisis

William Easterly

137: Trends in nontariff barriers of developed countries: 1966-1986

Sam Laird and Alexander Yeats

136: Pricing commodity bonds using binomial option pricing

Raghuram Rajan

135: P.P.R working papers: catalog of numbers 1to 200

Policy Research Dissemination Center

134: International trade in financial services

Silvia B. Sagari

133: Lewis through a looking glass: public sector employment, rent-seeking, and economic growth

Alan Gelb, Richard H. Sabot and John Knight

132: Is the discount on the secondary market a case for LDC debt relief?

Daniel Cohen

131: Implementing direct consumption taxes in developing countries

George Zodrow and Charles E. McLure

130: Maternal education and the vicious cycle of high fertility and malnutrition: an analytic survey

Matthew Lockwood and Paul Collier

129: Women in development: defining the issues

Paul Collier

128: Public finance in adjustment programs

Ajay Chhibber and Javad Khalilzadeh-Shirazi

127: Linking development, trade, and debt strategies in highly indebted countries

Ishac Diwan

126: Educating managers for business and government: a review of international experience

Samuel Paul, John C. Ickis and Jacob Levitsky

125: The effects of financial liberalization on Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines: a quantitative analysis

Christophe Chamley and Qaizar Husain

124: International macroeconomic adjustment, 1987-1992: a world model approach

Robert E. King and Helena Tang

123: Export supply, capacity, and relative prices

Riccardo Faini

122: Import demand in developing countries

Riccardo Faini, Lant Pritchett and Fernando Clavijo

121: Commercial bank provisioning against claims on developing countries

Graham Bird

120: Public policy and private investment in Turkey

Ajay Chhibber and Sweder van Wijnbergen

119: Recent developments in commodity modeling: a World Bankfocus

Walter C. Labys

118: Contract plans and public enterprise performance

John R. Nellis

117: Europe, Middle East, and North Africa region population projections: 1988-89 edition

My T. Vu, Eduard Bos and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

116: Latin America and the Caribbean region population projections 1988-89

My T. Vu, Eduard Bos and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

115: Asia region population projections: 1988-89 edition

My T. Vu, Eduard Bos and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

114: Africa region population projections - 1988-89

My T. Vu, Eduard Bos and Rodolfo A. Bulatao

113: Public sector pay and employment reform: a review of World Bank experience

Barbara Nunberg

112: A visual overview of world oil markets

Kay McKeogh, Jose Escay and Sompheap Sem

111: Recent World Bank activities in energy

Industry and Energy Department

110: Impact of lower oil prices on renewable energy technologies

Ernesto Terrado, Matthew Mendis and Kevin Fitzgerald

109: Improving power system efficiency in developing countries through performance contracting

Philip Yates

108: How to collect data on household energy consumption

Josef Leitmann

107: A review of World Bank lending for electric power

Mohan Munasinghe, Joseph Gilling and Melody Mason

106: Energy issues in the developing world

Mohan Munasinghe and Robert J. Saunders

105: Securing access to international markets

Richard H. Snape

104: Economic effects of financial crises

Manuel Hinds

103: Industrial portfolio responses to macroeconomic shocks: an econometric model for developing countries

James Tybout and Taeho Bark

102: Effects of the multifibre arrangement on developing countries: a survey

Junichi Goto

101: Measuring the impact of minimum wage policies on the economy

Luis Riveros and Ricardo Paredes

100: Public infrastructure and private sector profitability and productivity in Mexico

Anwar Shah

99: Trade policies and the debt crisis

Sam Laird and Julio Nogues

98: Diversification in rural Asia

Agriculture and Rural Development Department

97: Export promoting subsidies and what to do about them

Richard H. Snape

96: The private sector and family planning in developing countries

Maureen Lewis and Genevieve Kenney

95: International trade and imperfect competition: theory and application to the automobile trade

Junichi Goto

94: The World Bank's population lending and sector review

George Simmons and Rushikesh Maru

93: The effects of education, health, and social security on fertility in developing countries

Susan H. Cochrane

92: A model of cocoa replanting and new planting in Bahia, Brazil, 1966-85

Pravin Trivedi

91: Israel's stabilization program

Nissan Liviatan

90: A framework for the analysis of mineral tax policy in sub-Saharan Africa

Robert F. Conrad and Zmarak M. Shalizi

89: Export quota allocations, export earnings and market diversifications

Taeho Bark and Jaime de Melo

88: Costs, payments and incentives in family planning programs

John A. Ross and Stephen L. Isaacs

87: Vocational and technical education in Peru

Peter Moock and Rosemary Bellew

86: External balance, fiscal policy, and growth in Turkey

Ritu Anand, Ajay Chhibber and Sweder van Wijnbergen

85: Wage responsiveness and labor market disequilibrium

Ramon Lopez and Luis Riveros

84: Black markets for foreign exchange, real exchange rates, and inflation: overnight versus gradual reform in sub-Saharan Africa

Brian Pinto

83: Welfare costs of U.S. quotas on textiles, steel, and autos

Jaime de Melo and David Tarr

82: Microeconomic theory of the household and nutrition programs

Dov Chernichovsky and Linda Zangwill

81: Reaching people at the periphery - Can the World Bank's population, health and nutrition operations do better?

Richard Heaver

80: Emerging issues of privatization and the public sector

Samuel Paul