Policy Research Working Paper Series

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1540: Thrift deposit institutions in Europe and the United States

Dimitri Vittas

1539: The rise of securities markets: what can government do?

Richard Sylla

1538: Contingent liability in banking: useful policy for developing countries?

Anthony Saunders and Berry Wilson

1537: Before main banks: a selective historical overview of Japan's prewar financialsystem

Frank Packer

1536: Free banking: the Scottish experience as a model for emerging economies

Randall Kroszner

1535: Financial history: lessons of the past for reformers of the present

Gerard Caprio and Dimitri Vittas

1534: The evolution of central banking

Forrest Capie

1533: Universal banking and the financing of industrial development

Charles Calomiris

1532: Regulation and bank stability: Canada and the United States, 1870-1980

Michael Bordo

1531: Some new evidence on determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries

Harinder Singh and Kwang W. Jun

1530: Poverty, inequality, and social policy in transition economies

Branko Milanovic

1529: Interest rates, credit, and economic adjustment in Nicaragua

Ulrich Lachler

1528: Developing commercial law in transition economies: examples from Hungary and Russia

Cheryl W. Gray and Kathryn Hendley

1527: Foreign direct investment, other capital flows, and current account deficits: what causes what?

Maxwell J. Fry, Stijn Claessens, Peter Burridge and Marie-Christine Blanchet

1526: Do we face a global"capital shortage"?

Zia Qureshi

1525: Is Ethiopia's debt sustainable?

Ejaz Ghani and Hyoungsoo Zang

1524: Employment and wage effects of trade liberalization: the case of Mexican manufacturing

Ana Revenga

1523: Does more for the poor mean less for the poor? The politics of tagging

Jonah Gelbach and Lant Pritchett

1522: Divergence, big time

Lant Pritchett

1521: Political regimes, trade, and labor policies in developing countries

Arup Banerji and Hafez Ghanem

1520: Regulating telecommunications in developing countries: outcomes, incentives, and commitment

Ahmed Galal and Bharat Nauriyal

1519: Payment systems in Latin America: a tale of two countries - Colombia and El Salvador

Robert Listfield and Montes-Negret, Fernando

1518: Sustainability of private capital flows to developing countries: Is a generalized reversal likely?

Leonardo Hernandez and Heinz Rudolph

1517: Inflation crises and long-run growth

Michael Bruno and William Easterly

1516: Contractual savings for housing: How suitable are they for transitional economies?

Michael J. Lea and Bertrand Renaud

1515: Indonesia - Labor market policies and international competitiveness

Nisha Agrawal

1514: The impact of minimum wages in Mexico and Colombia

Linda A. Bell

1513: The World Trade Organization, the European Union, and the Arab World: trade policy priorities and pitfalls

Bernard Hoekman

1512: The World Bank primer on reinsurance

Donald A. McIsaac and David Babbel

1511: Default risk and the effective duration of bonds

David Babbel, Craig Merrill and William Panning

1510: Hungary's bankruptcy experience, 1992-93

Cheryl Gray, Sabine Schlorke and Miklos Szanyi

1509: Saving in transition economies: the summary report

Patrick Conway

1508: Small and medium-size enterprises in economic development: possiblities for research and policy

Sidney Winter

1507: Coping with too much of a good thing: policy responses for large capital inflows in developing countries

Morris Goldstein

1506: Restructuring regulation of the rail industry for the public interest

Ioannis Kessides and Robert D. Willig

1505: The cross-section of stock returns: evidence from emerging markets

Stijn Claessens, Susmita Dasgupta and Jack Glen

1504: Savings and education: a life-cycle model applied to a panel of 74 countries

Jacques Morisset and Cesar Revoredo-Giha

1503: Africa's growth tragedy: a retrospective, 1960-89

William Easterly and Ross Levine

1502: Active labor market policies in the OECD and in selected transition economies

Hartmut Lehmann

1501: Are partner-country statistics useful for estimating"missing"trade data?

Alexander J. Yeats

1500: Agricultural trade liberalization in the Uruguay Round: one step forward, one step back?

Merlinda D. Ingco

1499: The dynamics of poverty: why some people escape from poverty and others don't - an African case study

Christiaan Grootaert, Ravi Kanbur and Gi-Taik Oh

1498: Decentralized rural development and enhanced community participation: a case study from Northeast Brazil

Johan van Zyl, Tulio Barbosa, Andrew N. Parker and Loretta Sonn

1497: Public choices between lifesaving programs: how important are lives saved?

Maureen Cropper and Uma Subramanian

1496: Reviving project appraisal at the World Bank

Shantayanan Devarajan, Lyn Squire and Suthiwart-Narueput, Sethaput

1495: Raising household energy prices in Poland: who gains? who loses?

Caroline Freund and Christine I. Wallich

1494: Adjustment and poverty in Mexican agriculture: how farmers'wealth affects supply response

Ramon Lopez, John Nash and Julie Stanton

1493: Migration and the skill composition of the labor force: the impact of trade liberalization in developing countries

Ramon Lopez and Maurice Schiff

1492: Trade policies, macroeconomic adjustment, and manufactured exports: the Latin American experience

Sarath Rajapatirana

1491: Equilibrium incentives for adopting cleaner technology under emissions pricing

Peter W. Kennedy and Benoit Laplante

1490: Trade reform design as a signal to foreign investors: lessons for economies in transition

Eric Bond, Steve Chiu and Antonio Estache

1489: Educational attainments in developing countries: new estimates and projections disaggregated by gender

Vinod Ahuja and Deon Filmer

1488: Estimating the world at work

Deon Filmer

1487: Decomposing social indicators using distributional data

Benu Bidani and Martin Ravallion

1486: The emerging legal framework for private sector development in Viet Nam's transitional economy

Pham van Thuyet

1485: Aggregate agricultural supply response in developing countries: a survey of selected issues

Maurice Schiff and Claudio Montenegro

1484: The Uruguay Round and South Asia: an overview of the impact and opportunities

Nader Majd

1483: Costa Rican pension system: options for reform

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Anita Schwarz

1482: A measure of stock market integration for developed and emerging markets

Robert Korajczyk

1481: Corporate control in Central Europe and Russia: should banks own shares?

Peter Dittus and Stephen Prowse

1480: Debt as a control device in transitional economies: the experiences of Hungary and Poland

Herbert L. Baer and Cheryl W. Gray

1479: Is there a commercial case for tropical timber certification?

Varangis, Panayotis N.*Crossley, Rachel*Braga, C

1478: Promoting growth in Sri Lanka: lessons from East Asia

Sadiq Ahmed and Priya Ranjan

1477: Cities without land markets: location and land use in the socialist city

Alain Bertaud and Bertrand Renaud

1476: Public spending and the poor: what we know, what we need to know

Dominique van de Walle

1475: Decentralization: the way forward for rural development?

Andrew N. Parker

1474: Are stable agreements for sharing international river waters now possible?

D. Marc Kilgour and Ariel Dinar

1473: The surge in capital inflows to developing countries: prospects and policy response

Eduardo Fernandez-Arias and Peter Montiel

1472: Fiscal and monetary contraction in Chile: a rational-expectations approach

Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Luis Servén

1471: Pension reform and growth

Giancarlo Corsetti and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

1470: Pensions systems and reform: country experiences and research issues

Patricio Arrau and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

1469: The role of labor unions in fostering economic development

John Pencavel

1468: Government's role in Pakistan agriculture: major reforms are needed

Rashid Faruquee

1467: Beyond the Uruguay Round: the implications of an Asian free trade area

Jeffrey D. Lewis, Sherman Robinson and Zhi Wang

1466: Ownership and financing of infrastructure: historical perspective

Charles D. Jacobson and Joel A. Tarr

1465: Post trade liberalization policy and institutional challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean

Sarath Rajapatirana

1464: How does the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) affect Central America?

Edward Leamer, Alfonso Guerra, Martin Kaufman and Boris Segura

1463: Rural nonfarm employment: a survey

Jean Lanjouw and Peter Lanjouw

1462: Stock market development and financial intermediaries: stylized facts

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Ross Levine

1461: Stock market development and firm financing choices

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

1460: Efficiency and equity considerations in pricing and allocating irrigation water

Yacov Tsur and Ariel Dinar

1459: Pension funds in Central Europe and Russia: their prospects and potential role in corporate governance

Dimitri Vittas and Roland Michelitsch

1458: Credit policies: lessons from East Asia

Dimitri Vittas and Yoon Je Cho

1457: Does decentralization increase spending on public infrastructure?

Antonio Estache and Sarbajit Sinha

1456: Equity markets, transaction costs, and capital accumulation

Valerie Bencivenga, Bruce Smith and Ross M. Starr

1455: Tentative first steps: an assessment of the Uruguay Round agreement on services

Bernard Hoekman

1454: Child labor: a review

Christiaan Grootaert and Ravi Kanbur

1453: Air pollution and mortality: results from Santiago, Chile

Bart Ostr, José Sánchez, Carlos Aranda and Gunnar Eskeland

1452: The 1985-94 global real estate cycle: its casues and consequences

Bertrand Renaud

1451: Tunisia's insurance sector

Dimitri Vittas

1450: Social safety net and the poor during the transition: the case of Bulgaria

Fareed M. A. Hassan and Peters, R. Kyle,

1449: Worker displacement during the transition: experience from Slovenia

Peter Orazem, Milan Vodopivec and Ruth Wu

1448: Environmental regulation and development: a cross-country empirical analysis

Ashoka Mody, Subhendu Roy, David Wheeler and Susmita Dasgupta

1447: Environmental inspections and emissions of the pulp and paper industry: the case of Quebec

Benoit Laplante and Paul Rilstone

1446: Review of integrated approaches to river basin, planning, development and management

Donna J. Lee and Ariel Dinar

1445: Human capital and industry wage structure in Guatemala

Christos Sakellariou

1444: Roads, lands, markets, and deforestation: a spatial model of land use in Belize

Kenneth M. Chomitz and David A. Gray

1443: Policy-based finance, financial regulation, and financial sector development in Japan

Dimitri Vittas and Akihiko Kawaura

1442: Energy price increases in developing countries: case studies of Colombia, Ghana, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, and Zimbabwe

Einar Hope and Balbir Singh

1441: The significance of credits and subsidies in Russian agricultural reform

Douglas Galbi