Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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9197: Determinants of Global Value Chain Participation: Cross-Country Evidence

Ana Fernandes, Hiau Looi Kee and Deborah Winkler

9196: Internet Job Search, Employment, and Wage Growth: Evidence from the Arab Republic of Egypt

Nelly El-Mallakh

9195: The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Violent Conflicts in South Asia

Raymond Robertson, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo and Matias Morales

9194: Demand for Information on Environmental Health Risk, Mode of Delivery, and Behavioral Change: Evidence from Sonargaon, Bangladesh

Alessandro Tarozzi, Ricardo Maertens, Kazi Matin Uddin Ahmed and Alexander van Geen

9193: The Future of Work in Agriculture: Some Reflections

Luc Christiaensen, Zachariah Judson Rutledge and J. Edward Taylor

9192: Customary Land Conversion and the Formation of the African City

Pierre Picard and Harris Selod

9191: Determinants of International Buyout Investments

Serdar Aldatmaz, Greg W. Brown and Asli Demirguc-Kunt

9190: Estimating Resiliency Benefits of Road Upgradation: Case of the East Road in Malaita, Solomon Islands

Darwin Marcelo Gordillo and Aditi Raina

9189: What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures?: An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe

Gabriel Victorio Montes Rojas and Rafael Chelles Barroso

9188: Conflict and the Composition of Economic Activity in Afghanistan

Virgilio Galdo, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo and Martin Rama

9187: Peer Effects on Violence: Experimental Evidence from El Salvador

Lelys Dinarte Diaz

9186: Fear is What Weighs Most: Experiences of Women in Situations of Violence in Accessing Support Services in Brazil

Ana Luiza Machado, Miriam Muller and Sara Hause Van Wie

9185: Traffic, Air Pollution, and Distributional Impacts in Dar es Salaam: A Spatial Analysis with New Satellite Data

Susmita Dasgupta, Somik V. Lall and David Wheeler

9184: Urban Agglomerations and Employment Transitions in Ethiopia

Akito Kamei and Shohei Nakamura

9183: Does the Internet Reduce Gender Gaps?: The Case of Jordan

Mariana Viollaz and Hernan Winkler

9182: Electricity Access and Structural Transformation: Evidence from Brazil's Electrification

Fidel Perez Sebastian, Jevgenijs Steinbuks, Jose Gustavo Feres and Ian Trotter

9181: Prospects, Risks, and Vulnerabilities in Emerging and Developing Economies: Lessons from the Past Decade

Franz Ruch

9180: Policy Challenges for Emerging and Developing Economies: Lessons from the Past Decade

Franz Ruch

9179: New Set of Indicators to Measure Population Remoteness and Dispersion: Estimates for 100 Countries, with Detailed Analysis of Pacific Island Countries

Imogen Cara Halstead, Robert Johann Utz and Boer Xia

9178: Can This Time Be Different ? Policy Options in Times of Rising Debt

Ayhan Kose, Peter Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge and Naotaka Sugawara

9177: Subdued Potential Growth: Sources and Remedies

Sinem Kilic Celik, Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge

9176: Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Developing Country Exports: Evidence from Bangladesh

Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo and Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo

9175: Structural Reforms to Set the Growth Ambition

Natasha Rovo

9174: Falling Short: A Global Survey of Electricity Tariff Design

Vivien Foster and Samantha Helen Witte

9173: When Elephants Make Peace: The Impact of the China-U.S. Trade Agreement on Developing Countries

Caroline Freund, Maryla Maliszewska, Aaditya Mattoo and Michele Ruta

9172: Global Recessions

Ayhan Kose, Naotaka Sugawara and Marco Terrones

9171: The Distributive Impact of Taxes and Expenditures in Colombia

Nunez Jairo, Sergio Olivieri, Julieth Parra and Julieth Pico

9170: Incidence of the Digital Economy and Frictional Unemployment: International Evidence

Daniel Lederman and Marwane Zouaidi

9169: Learning from Power Sector Reform Experiences: The Case of Vietnam

Alan David Lee and Franz Gerner

9168: Effect of Armed Conflict on Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria

Uche Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode, Lucia C. Hanmer, Eliana Carolina Rubiano Matulevich and Diana Jimena Arango

9167: Paying More for Less: Why Don't Households in Tanzania Take Advantage of Bulk Discounts ?

Brian Dillon, Joachim De Weerdt and Ted O'Donoghue

9166: Benefits and Costs of Debt: The Dose Makes the Poison

Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge and Naotaka Sugawara

9165: Returns to Low-Skilled International Migration: Evidence from the Bangladesh-Malaysia Migration Lottery Program

Ahmed Mobarak, Iffath Anwar Sharif and Maheshwor Shrestha

9164: Understanding the Cost of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Dana Lauren Vorisek and Shu Yu

9163: Mobilization Effects of Multilateral Development Banks

Chiara Broccolini, Giulia Lotti, Alessandro Maffioli, Andrea Presbitero and Rodolfo Stucchi

9162: Learning from Power Sector Reform: The Case of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Anshul Rana and Ashish Khanna

9161: Business Environment and Dual-Track Private Sector Development: China's Experience in Two Crucial Decades

Cheryl Xiaoning Long, Lixin Xu and Jin Yang

9159: Modeling Uncertainty in Large Natural Resource Allocation Problems

Yongyang Cai, Jevgenijs Steinbuks, Kenneth Judd, Jonas Jaegermeyr and Thomas Hertel

9158: The Upstream Tariff Simulator (UTAS): A Tool to Assess the Impact of Tariff Reform on Input Costs and Effective Protection across Sectors

Andreas Eberhard, Gonzalo Varela, Lucia Casal and Federico Ganz

9157: Analyzing Female Employment Trends in South Asia

Fatima Najeeb, Matias Morales and Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo

9156: icio: Economic Analysis with Inter-Country Input-Output Tables in Stata

Federico Belotti, Alessandro Borin and Michele Mancini

9155: Iraq's Universal Public Distribution System: Utilization and Impacts During Displacement

Lokendra Phadera, Dhiraj Sharma and Matthew Grant Wai-Poi

9154: A Field Experiment on the Role of Socioemotional Skills and Gender for Hiring in Turkey

Selin Efsan Nas Ozen, Stefan Hut, Victoria Levin and Ana Maria Munoz Boudet

9153: Understanding Decisions Made on Asylum Applications in Host Countries

Ismael Issifou

9152: Are You Being Asked ? Impacts of Respondent Selection on Measuring Employment

Talip Kilic, Goedele Van den Broeck, Gayatri B. Koolwal and Heather Moylan

9151: Getting the (Gender-Disaggregated) Lay of the Land: Impact of Survey Respondent Selection on Measuring Land Ownership and Rights

Talip Kilic, Heather Moylan and Gayatri B. Koolwal

9150: Elite Capture of Foreign Aid: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts

Jørgen Andersen, Niels Johannesen and Bob Rijkers

9149: Does Greater Regulatory Burden Lead to More Corruption ? Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries

Mohammad Amin and Yew Chong Soh

9148: Emerging and Developing Economies: Ten Years After the Global Recession

Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge

9147: Digital Platforms and the Demand for International Tourism Services

Jose Ernesto Lopez Cordova

9146: The Role of Historical Christian Missions in the Location of World Bank Aid in Africa

Matteo Alpino and Eivind Hammersmark

9145: The Dynamics of High-Growth Firms: Evidence from Tunisia

Marcio Cruz, Leila Baghdadi and Hassen Arouri

9144: Salt of the Earth: Quantifying the Impact of Water Salinity on Global Agricultural Productivity

Jason Daniel Russ, Esha Zaveri, Richard Damania, Sébastien Desbureaux, Jorge Jose Escurra and Aude-Sophie Rodella

9143: The Nitrogen Legacy: The Long-Term Effects of Water Pollution on Human Capital

Esha Zaveri, Jason Daniel Russ, Sébastien Desbureaux, Richard Damania, Aude-Sophie Rodella and Giovanna Ribeiro Paiva De Souza

9142: Global Corporate Debt during Crises: Implications of Switching Borrowing across Markets

Juan Jose Cortina Lorente, Tatiana Didier Brandao and Sergio Schmukler

9141: The Power of Believing You Can Get Smarter: The Impact of a Growth-Mindset Intervention on Academic Achievement in Peru

Ingo Outes-Leon, Alan Sanchez and Renos Vakis

9140: Assessing the Longer Term Impact of Community-Driven Development Programs: Evidence from a Field Experiment in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Eric Mvukiyehe and Peter van der Windt

9139: Assessing the Returns on Investment in Data Openness and Transparency

Megumi Kubota and Albert G. Zeufack

9138: Bank Capital and Risk in Europe and Central Asia Ten Years After the Crisis

Deniz Anginer, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Davide Salvatore Mare

9137: Borrow with Sorrow ? The Changing Risk Profile of Sub-Saharan Africa's Debt

Cesar Calderon and Albert G. Zeufack

9136: Cost Recovery and Financial Viability of the Power Sector in Developing Countries: Insights from 15 Case Studies

Joern Torsten Huenteler, Denzel J. Hankinson, Nicole Rosenthal, Ani Balabanyan, Arthur Kochnakyan, Tu Chi Nguyen, Anshul Rana and Vivien Foster

9135: Cyber Resilience of Autonomous Mobility Systems: Cyber Attacks and Resilience-Enhancing Strategies

Bo Zou, Pooria Choobchian and Julie Rozenberg

9134: Reverse Mortgages, Financial Inclusion, and Economic Development: Potential Benefit and Risks

Peter Knaack, Margaret J. Miller and Fiona Elizabeth Stewart

9133: Toward Successful Development Policies: Insights from Research in Development Economics

Erhan Artuc, Robert Cull, Susmita Dasgupta, Roberto Fattal Jaef, Deon Filmer, Xavier Gine, Hanan Jacoby, Dean Jolliffe, Hiau Looi Kee, Leora Klapper, Aart C. Kraay, Norman Loayza, David McKenzie, Berk Özler, Vijayendra Rao, Bob Rijkers, Sergio Schmukler, Michael Toman, Adam Wagstaff and Michael Woolcock

9132: Trade Integration, Export Patterns, and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cesar Calderon, Martha Catalina Cantu Canales and Albert G. Zeufack

9131: Religion and Sanitation Practices

Anjali Adukia, Marcella Alsan, Kim Babiarz, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert and Lea Prince

9130: Taxing Tobacco in Georgia: Welfare and Distributional Gains of Smoking Cessation

Alan Fuchs Tarlovsky and Maria Fernanda Gonzalez Icaza

9129: Inflation and Public Debt Reversals in Advanced Economies

Ichiro Fukunaga, Takuji Komatsuzaki and Hideaki Matsuoka

9128: Recall Length and Measurement Error in Agricultural Surveys

Philip Randolph Wollburg, Marco Tiberti and Alberto Zezza

9127: Do Weak Institutions Prolong Crises ? On the Identification, Characteristics, and Duration of Declines During Economic Slumps

Richard Bluhm, Denis de Crombrugghe and Adam Szirmai

9126: Narrow Incumbent Victories and Post-Election Conflict: Evidence from the Philippines

Benjamin Crost, Joseph H. Felter, Hani Mansour and Daniel I. Rees

9125: Beneficiary Views on Cash and In-Kind Payments: Evidence from Ethiopia's Productive Safety

Kalle Hirvonen and John Hoddinott

9124: Digital Innovation in East Asia: Do Restrictive Data Policies Matter

Martina Francesca Ferracane and Erik van der Marel

9123: Up before Dawn: Experimental Evidence from a Cross-Border Trader Training at the Democratic Republic of Congo?Rwanda Border

Kevin Croke, Maria Elena Garcia Mora, Markus Goldstein, Edouard Romeo Mensah and Michael O'Sullivan

9122: The Role of Income and Substitution in Commodity Demand

John Baffes, Alain Kabundi and Peter Nagle

9121: Inequality, Poverty and the Intra-Household Allocation of Consumption in Senegal

Philippe H. De Vreyer and Sylvie Lambert

9120: Assessing Deprivation with an Ordinal Variable: Theory and Application to Sanitation Deprivation in Bangladesh

Suman Seth and Gaston Yalonetzky

9119: Regional Integration in South Asia: Implications for Green Growth, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Gender Wage Gap

Muthukumara S. Mani, Badri Narayanan Gopalakrishnan and Deepika Wadhwa

9118: Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women

Sonia Bhalotra, Uma Kambhampati, Samantha Rawlings and Zahra Siddique

9117: Returns to Education in Azerbaijan: Some New Estimates

Vicente A. Garcia Moreno and Harry Patrinos

9116: Debt and Financial Crises

Wee Chian Koh, Ayhan Kose, Peter Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge and Naotaka Sugawara

9115: Heterogeneous Effects of the de jure and de facto Business Environment: Findings from Multiple Data Sets on the Business Environment

Christine Zhenwei Qiang, He Wang and Lixin Xu

9114: Conceptual Aspects of Global Value Chains

Pol Antras

9113: Gender Differences in Agricultural Productivity in Cote d'Ivoire: Changes in Determinants and Distributional Composition over the Past Decade

Aletheia Donald, Kotchikpa Lawin and Léa Rouanet

9112: Does Democratization Promote Competition?: Indonesian Manufacturing Pre and Post Suharto

Mary Hallward-Driemeier, Anna Kochanova and Bob Rijkers

9111: Migration and Remittances in the Former Soviet Union Countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus: What Are the Long-Term Macroeconomic Consequences?

Martin Brownbridge and Sudharshan Canagarajah

9110: Migration in Libya: A Spatial Network Analysis

Michele Di Maio, Valerio Leone Sciabolazza and Vasco Molini

9109: Macro-Financial Aspects of Climate Change

Erik H.B. Feyen, Robert Johann Utz, Igor Esteban Zuccardi Huertas, Olena Bogdan and Jisung Moon

9108: What Aspects of Formality Do Workers Value ? Evidence from a Choice Experiment in Bangladesh

Minhaj Mahmud, Italo Gutierrez, Krishna B. Kumar and Shanthi Nataraj

9106: The Spillovers of Employment Guarantee Programs on Child Labor and Education

Tianshu Li and Sheetal Sekhri

9105: Free Primary Education, Fertility, and Women's Access to the Labor Market: Evidence from Ethiopia

Luke Chicoine

9104: Stages of Development of Payment Systems: Leapfrogging across Countries and MENA's Place in the World

Clément Gévaudan and Daniel Lederman

9103: The External Wealth of Arab Nations: Structure, Trends, and Policy Implications

Mahmoud Mohieldin, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfick Rostom and Chahir Zaki

9102: Using Labor Supply Elasticities to Learn about Income Inequality: The Role of Productivities versus Preferences

Katy Bergstrom and William Dodds

9101: The Targeting Benefit of Conditional Cash Transfers

Katy Bergstrom and William Dodds

9100: Gender Bias in SME Lending: Experimental Evidence from Turkey

Salman Alibhai, Aletheia Donald, Markus Goldstein, Alper Ahmet Oguz, Alexander Pankov and Francesco Strobbe

9099: Firms Far Up: Productivity, Agglomeration, and High-Growth Firms in Ethiopia

Arti Goswami Grover

9098: Trade and Female Labor Participation: Stylized Facts Using a Global Dataset

Nadia Rocha and Deborah Winkler

9097: Have Robots Grounded the Flying Geese?: Evidence from Greenfield FDI in Manufacturing

Mary Hallward-Driemeier and Gaurav Nayyar

9096: Decline in Wage Inequality in Brazil: A Survey

Sergio Firpo and Alysson Portella