Policy Research Working Paper Series

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1147: Interest rates, growth, and external debt: the macroeconomic impact of Mexico's Brady deal

Stijn Claessens, Daniel Oks and Sweder van Wijnbergen

1146: Is poverty increasing in the developing world?

Shaohua Chen, Gaurav Datt and Martin Ravallion

1145: The simple(r) algebra of pension plans

Dimitri Vittas

1144: The foreign trade dimension of the market transition in Poland: the surprising export performance and its sustainability

Bartlomiej Kaminski

1143: Tariff rates, tariff revenue, and tariff reform: some new facts

Lant Pritchett and Geeta Sethi

1142: Rent - seeking trade policy: a time series approach

Martin Rama

1141: Foreign direct investment in a macroeconomic framework: finance, efficiency, incentives, and distortions

Maxwell J. Fry

1140: How retail food markets responded to price liberalization in Russia after January 1992

Bruce Gardner and Karen M. Brooks

1139: Should sub-Saharan Africa expand cotton exports?

Jonathan R. Coleman and M. Elton Thigpen

1138: The economic impact of military expenditures

Daniel Landau

1137: Railway reform in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies

Philip W. Blackshaw, Louis S. Thompson, Dec and Esd

1136: The dynamic behavior of quota license prices: theory and evidence from the Hong Kong apparel quotas

Kala Krishna and Ling Hui Tan

1135: Inflation in Czechoslovakia, 1985-91

Zdenek Drabek, Kamil Janáček and Zdenek Tuma

1134: Bahrain - Managing a nonrenewable resource: savings and exchange-rate policies

Ibrahim A. Elbadawi, Majd Nader and Dec

1133: Macroeconomic framework for an oil-based economy: the case of Bahrain

Ibrahim A. Elbadawi and Nader Majd

1132: An analysis of repressed inflation in three transitional economies

Andrew Feltenstein and Jiming Ha

1131: Prices and protocols in public health care

Jeffrey Hammer

1130: Poverty and policy

Michael Lipton and Martin Ravallion

1129: How policy changes affected cocoa sectors in sub-Saharan African countries

Jonathan R. Coleman, Takamasa Akiyama and Panos N. Varangis

1128: The international ocean transport industry in crisis: assessing the reasons and outlook

Hans Jurgen Peters

1127: How international economic links affect East Asia

Vikram Nehru

1126: The costs and benefits of Slovenian independence

Milan Cvikl, Evan Kraft and Milan Vodopivec

1125: Industrial development and the environment in Mexico

Adriaan Ten Kate

1124: A new database on human capital stock: sources, methodology and results

Vikram Nehru, Eric Swanson and Ashutosh Dubey

1123: Social development is economic development

Nancy Birdsall

1122: Fiscal decentralization and intergovernmental relations in transition economics: toward a systematic framework of analysis

Richard Bird and Christine Wallich

1121: Measuring capital flight: a case study of Mexico

Harald Eggerstedt, Rebecca Brideau Hall and Sweder van Wijnbergen

1120: Policies for coping with price uncertainty for Mexican maize: policies for maize price variability in Mexico

Donald Larson

1119: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): its effect on South Asia

Raed Safadi and Alexander Yeats

1118: Trends in retirement systems and lessons for reform

Olivia Mitchell

1117: Portfolio investment flows to emerging markets

Sudarshan Gooptu

1116: Implications of agricultural trade liberalization for the developing countries

Antonio Salazar P. Brandao and Will Martin

1115: Looking at the facts: what we know about policy and growth from cross-country analysis

Ross Levine and Sara Zervos

1114: Does price uncertainty really reduce private investment? A small model applied to Chile

Anita George, Jacques Morisset and Dec

1113: The lucky few amidst economic decline: distributional change in Cote d'Ivoire as seen through panel data sets, 1985-88

Christiaan Grootaert and Ravi Kanbur

1112: Privatization, concentration, and pressure for protection: a steel sector study

Ying Qian and Ronald C. Duncan

1111: Foreign investment law in Central and Eastern Europe

Cheryl W. Gray and William Jarosz

1110: What would happen if all developing countries expanded their manufactured exports?

Will Martin

1109: Risk management and stable financial structures

Andrew Sheng and Yoon Je Cho

1108: Public output and private decisions: conceptual issues in the evaluation of Government activities and their implications for fiscal policy

Thanos Catsambas

1107: Financial reform lessons and strategies

Gerard Caprio, Izak Atiyas and James Hanson

1106: Improving women's access to higher education: a review of World Bank project experience

Halil Dundar and Jennifer Haworth

1105: Estimating quasi-fiscal deficits in a consistency framework: the case of Madagascar

Philippe Le Houerou and Hector Sierra

1104: Trade policy reform in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1980s

Asad Alam and Sarath Rajapatirana

1103: Capital mobility in developing countries: some measurement issues and empirical estimates

Peter Montiel

1102: Did the debt crisis or declining oil prices cause Mexico's investment collapse?

Andrew Warner

1101: Transforming state enterprises in Poland: macroeconomic evidence on adjustment

Brian Pinto, Marek Belka and Stefan Krajewski

1100: Indigenous territories and tropical forest management in Latin America

Shelton H. Davis and Alaka Wali

1099: Trade unions and collective bargaining

Harry C. Katz, Sarosh Kuruvilla and Lowell Turner

1098: Fortress Europe and other myths concerning trade

Jean Baneth

1097: A production function-based policy simulation model of perennial commodity markets

Takamasa Akiyama and Jonathan R. Coleman

1096: How trade liberalization affected productivity in Morocco

Mona Haddad

1095: Are failproof banking systems feasible? Desirable?

Samuel H. Talley

1094: The new regionalism: a country perspective

Jaime de Melo, Arvind Panagariya and Dani Rodrik

1093: Swiss Chilanpore: the way forward for pension reform?

Dimitri Vittas

1092: The effect of financial liberalization on allocation of credit: panel data evidence for Ecuador

Fidel Jaramillo, Fabio Schiantarelli and Andrew Weiss

1091: Capital market imperfections before and after financial liberalization: a Euler Equation approach to panel data for Ecuadorian firms

Fidel Jaramillo, Fabio Schiantarelli and Andrew Weiss

1090: Government expenditures as a citizens'evaluation of public output: public choice and the benefit principle of taxation

Thanos Catsambas

1089: Equity portfolio investment in developing countries: a literature survey

Stijn Claessens

1088: A primer on the MFA maze

Riccardo Faini, Jaime de Melo and Wendy Takacs

1087: Exchange rate based stabilization: tales from Europe and Latin America

Alberto F. Ades, Miguel Kiguel and Nissan Liviatan

1086: Teachers'salaries in Latin America: a comparative analysis

George Psacharopoulos, Jorge Valenzuela and Mary Arends-Kuenning

1085: Economic approaches to modeling fertility determinants: a selective review

Cristino R. Arroyo

1084: Stock market development and financial deepening in developing countries: some correlation patterns

Dong He and Robert Pardy

1083: Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right

Robert King and Ross Levine

1082: What do governments buy? The composition of public spending and economic performance

Shantayanan Devarajan, Vinaya Swaroop and Heng-Fu Zou

1081: Correcting for sampling bias in the measurement of welfare and poverty: the case of the Cote d'Ivoire living standards survey

Lionel Demery and Christiaan Grootaert

1080: A new regional price index for Cote d'Ivoire using data from the international comparisons project

Christiaan Grootaert and Ravi Kanbur

1079: How useful are integrated household survey data for policy-oriented analysis of poverty? Lessons from the Cote d'Ivoire living standards survey

Christiaan Grootaert

1078: The evolution of welfare and poverty under structural change and economic recession in Cote d'Ivoire, 1985-88

Christiaan Grootaert

1077: Risk management prospects for Egyptian cotton

Panos Varangis, Elton Thigpen and Takamasa Akiyama

1076: A presumptive pigovian tax on gasoline: analysis of an air pollution control program for Mexico City

Gunnar Eskeland

1075: Many paths to skilled employment: a reverse tracer study of eight occupations in Colombia

Adrian Ziderman and Robin Horn

1074: How moving to world prices affects the terms of trade in 15 countries of the former Soviet Union

David Tarr

1073: Fiscal aspects of developing countrydebt problems and debt and debt-service reduction operations: a conceptual framework

Peter Montiel

1072: Costs of alternative treatments for incomplete abortion

Brooke R. Johnson, Janie Benson, Janet Bradley, Aurora Rabago Ordonez, Catia Zambrano, Leonard Okoko, Leticia Vazquez Chavez, Paulina Quiroz and Khama Rogo

1071: Congestion charging mechanisms for roads: an evaluation of current practice

Timothy D. Hau

1070: Economic fundamentals of road pricing: a diagrammatic analysis

Timothy D. Hau

1069: Why is there proportionately more enrollment in private schools in some countries?

Estelle James

1068: Enterprise reform in Eastern Europe

Sweder van Wijnbergen

1067: Returns to investment in education: a global update

George Psacharopoulos

1066: Pollution control in a decentralized economy: which level of government should subsidize what in Brazil

Antonio Estache and Kangbin Zheng

1065: Strengthening Uganda's policy environment for investing in university development

Thomas Owen Eisemon, John Sheehan, George Eyoku, Franklin Van Buer, Delane Welsch, Louisa Masutti, Nat Colletta and Lee Roberts

1064: More evidence on income distribution and growth

George Clarke

1063: Mongolia - Privatization and system transformation in an isolated economy

Cevdet Denizer and Alan Gelb

1062: Economic development, environmental regulation, and the international migration of toxic industrial pollution: 1960-88

Robert Lucas, David Wheeler and Hemamala Hettige

1061: Dynamic response to foreign transfers and terms-of-trade shocks in open economies

Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Luis Servén

1060: Economies of the former Soviet Union: an input-output approach to the 1987 national accounts

Dmitri Steinberg

1059: Political economy of policy reform in Turkey in the 1980s

Ziya Onis and Steven B. Webb

1058: The pricing of country funds and their role in capital mobilization for emerging economies

Ishac Diwan, Vihang Errunza and Lemma W. Senbet

1057: Measuring the incomes of economies of the former Soviet Union

International Economics Department

1056: Earnings and education in Latin America: assessing priorities for schooling investments

George Psacharopoulos and Ying Chu Ng

1055: Wealth, weather risk, and the composition and profitability of agricultural investments

Mark Rosenzweig and Hans Binswanger-Mkhize

1054: Eastern Europe and Russian Federation - Distributional impact of cash and in-kind social transfers in Eastern Europe and Russia

Branko Milanovic

1053: Development of the Zimbabwe family planning program

Alex F. Zinanga

1052: A reappraisal of how oral rehydration therapy affected mortality in Egypt

Hoda Rashad

1051: The legal framework for private sector activity in the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic

Cheryl W. Gray

1050: Marginal income tax rates and economic growth in developing countries

William Easterly and Sergio Rebelo

1049: Money demand and seignorage - maximizing inflation

William Easterly, Paolo Mauro and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

1048: Targets and indicators in World Bank population projects

George Baldwin