Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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11453: Who Benefits from Food Tax Exemptions in Lower-Income Settings ? Evidence on Pass-Through and Incidence

Christopher Hoy, Matias Strehl-Pessina, Ruggero Doino, Darian Naidoo, Kingtau Mambon and Bobby Kunda

11452: The Scars of Global Growth Shocks: Evidence of Uneven Recovery in FDI Announcements

Bram Gootjes and Hayley Marie Pallan

11451: Housing Requirements, Hazard Exposure, and Resilience Costs: A Global Outlook to 2100

Yasuhiro Kawasoe

11450: Eliciting Probabilities in the Field: Beads versus Sliders

Lorenzo Estepa Mohedano, Diego Jorrat, Victor Hugo Orozco Olvera and Ericka Rascon Ramirez

11449: Beneath the Surface: Deep Trade Agreements and the Potential of a Deeper AfCFTA

Lionel Fontagné, Anthonin Levelu, Jean-Christophe Maur, Nadia Rocha and Gianluca Santoni

11448: Tracking Air Pollution from Space: High-Resolution Daily Estimates for PM2.5, O3, NO2, and CO

Brian Blankespoor, Susmita Dasgupta and David Wheeler

11447: Innovation Is Not Enough: Complementary Capabilities and Export Upgrading — Global Product-Level Evidence with an Application to Thailand

Gianluca Santoni, Daria Taglioni, Fabio Artuso and Julian Clarke

11446: Labor Demand for Digital Skills in Post-2022 Ukraine: Evidence from Online Job Vacancy Data

Yurii Kleban and Britta Laurin Rude

11445: Safe Spaces to Digital Spaces: Short-Term Impacts of Life Skills and Digital Literacy Training for Adolescent Girls in Nigeria

Wei Chang, Menaal Fatima Ebrahim, Selim Gulesci, Adiam Hagos Hailemicheal, Fatima Adenike Jagun and Lea Marie Rouanet

11444: Evaluating Spatial Underperformance: A Spatial Computable General Equilibrium Model Applied to Ho Chi Minh City

Julia Bird, Anthony Venables, Henry Dehe, Steven Louis Rubinyi, Putu Sanjiwacika Wibisana and Quang Anh Phan Bui

11443: Minimum Wage Reform in a Wartime Economy: Simulating Impacts from Ukraine’s Proposed Reform

Gordon Betcherman, Maddalena Honorati and Martin Moessinger

11442: Childcare for Informal-Sector Workers: Delivery Models, Access, and Welfare

Jacklyn Makaaru Arinaitwe, George Bogere, Anna Fiore, Sylvan Rene Herskowitz, Megan Elizabeth Lang, Francis Mwesigye and Tracy Nsobya Nalumansi

11441: Predicting Debt Distress in Low-Income Countries

Clemens Graf von Luckner, Sebastian Horn, Aart C. Kraay and Rita Ramalho

11440: Openness and Productivity Reform: Lessons for Middle-Income Economies from Thailand and other ASEAN

Erhan Artuc, Ileana Cristina Constantinescu Neagu and Daria Taglioni

11439: Not Too Much, Not Too Little: A Goldilocks Approach to Sustainable, Universal Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa

Santos Díaz-Pastor, Yang Liu and Ignacio J. Pérez-Arriaga

11438: What Does Venture Capital Actually Finance ? Scale and Structure around the World

Santiago Reyes Ortega, Kianna Rachael Freeman, Pablo Daniel Hernando Kaminsky, Jeremias Luca Huber and Paolo Mauro

11437: Understanding the Impact of Multi-Nodal Urban Systems on Thailand's Urban Economies: Insights from a Dynamic Recursive Spatial General Equilibrium Model

Putu Sanjiwacika Wibisana and Steven Louis Rubinyi

11436: Gender Gaps in Pay and Advancement within Firms: Evidence from Ethiopia’s Financial Sector

Ketki Sheth, Toni Johannes Weis and Saba Yifredew Getnet

11435: Six Years of High-Frequency Phone Surveys: Lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa

Sydney Gourlay, Alemayehu Ambel, Philip Randolph Wollburg, Ismael Yacoubou Djima, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Talip Kilic and Kevin Mcgee

11434: How Public Financial Management Shapes Education and Health Outcomes: A Configurational Perspective

Kaushiki Singh and Richard Anthony Sutherland

11433: How to Build a Reader: Evidence from a Scalable Literacy Intervention in Ghana

Erik Andersen, Simon Graffy, Jason Kerwin and Monica Lambon-Quayefio

11432: Selection or More Capital ? Experimental Evidence on High-Growth Entrepreneurs in Kenya

Francisco Campos, Abla Safir, Celine Koffka, David McKenzie and Bilal Zia

11431: Labor Market Effects of Public Employment Guarantee

Yasmine Elkhateeb, Nelly Elmallakh, Luca Flabbi, Roberta V. Gatti and Mohamed Saleh

11430: The Long-Run Impacts of Protected Areas on Income, Birds, and Tourism in South Africa

Dennis Engist, Gabriel Englander, Alan Lee and Frederik Noack

11429: Consequences of Growing Up Displaced: Evidence from Displaced Children in Colombia

Tatiana Hiller, Andres Moya and Sandra Rozo

11428: Stanley Fischer Memorial Lecture: Public Debt and Central Banks — The World Bank Group ABCDE Conference

David R. Malpass

11427: Regularization and the Formation of Social Capital: Evidence from Forced Migrants in Colombia

Sandra Rozo

11426: Cheap Energy Might Not Be Enough: A Trade Model of AI Compute Services

Michael Lokshin

11425: Human Capital Expenditure and Its Effectiveness on Multi-Program Coverage: A Policy Prioritization Investigation

Omar A. Guerrero, Daniele Guariso, Gonzalo Castañeda and Michael Weber

11424: Fusing Data Sources to Measure Multidimensional Poverty

Ben James Brunckhorst, Minh Cong Nguyen, Nishant Yonzan, Hai-Anh Dang and Christoph Lakner

11423: When Digital Nudges Nag: Evidence on Program Take-up from a WhatsApp Intervention

Maria Jose Urbina Florez, Andres Moya and Sandra Rozo

11422: Assessing the Impact of Renewable versus Fossil Fuels Energy on Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis of the Elasticity across Development Stages

Nisan Gorgulu and Maria Vagliasindi

11421: Property Rights, Agricultural Technology Adoption, and Investment: Experimental Evidence from Mozambique

Andrew Peter Brudevold-Newman, Claire Elise Boxho, Joao H. C. Montalvao Machado, Michael O'Sullivan and Matheus Proenca

11420: Does Informal Competition Reduce Firm-Provided Worker Training among Formal Manufacturing SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa ?

Mohammad Amin and Eugenia Aurora Rodriguez Cuniolo

11419: Trade Diversion and Jobs: Evidence from Mexican Municipalities

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Vazquez and Hernan Winkler

11418: Improving Student Outcomes through Adaptive Learning Platforms: Experimental Evidence from the Dominican Republic

Carolina Lopez and Astrid Camille Pineda

11417: The Potential Market for Care in East Asia and Pacific

Nadia Esham, Daniel Zefanya Halim and Aaditya Mattoo

11416: Bilateral Import Demand Elasticities and Balanced Trade Protection

Hiau Looi Kee, Ileana Cristina Constantinescu Neagu and Yoto Yotov

11415: Beyond the Urban Sweet Spot: Firm-Level Evidence of Over-Agglomeration in Mongolia’s Capital

Jose Luis Diaz Sanchez and Mijiddorj Lkhagvasuren

11414: The Agricultural Gender Gap in Sub-Saharan Africa: Magnitude, Drivers, and Policy Directions

Aletheia Donald and Kibrom Tafere

11413: Decentralization, Service Delivery, and Legitimacy: The Case of Mali

Gaetan Mertens and Nouhoum Toure

11412: Learning at Scale: Infrastructure, Aid Effectiveness, and World Bank Performance

Somik V. Lall, Xinyi Su and Maria Vagliasindi

11411: Federal Research Funding and STEM Education

Emily E. Cook, Devaki Ghose and Ekaterina Khmelnitskaya

11410: Transportation Infrastructure and Total Factor Productivity: Development Heterogeneity and Resilience under Adverse Shocks

Hyunseok Kim

11409: Do Information-Based Interventions Influence Tax Compliance Differently across Men and Women ? Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

Alemayehu Ambel and Firew Bekele Woldeyes

11408: The Impact of School Grants on Disadvantaged Students: Experimental Evidence from Romania

Rafael De Hoyos, Andrei Munteanu and Cristian Pop-Eleches

11407: Assessing The Real-World Economic Value of Weather Forecasts under Compounding Extremes: A Decision-Specific Framework

Leonardo Olivetti, Gabriele Messori, Paolo Avner and Stephane Hallegatte

11406: Firm’s Preferences for Emissions Reducing Measures and Willingness to Pay for a Carbon Tax in Viet Nam

Govinda Timilsina, Chau Tran and Hochman.Gal

11405: The (Fiscal) Dividend of Infrastructure: Roads and Revenues in Rwanda

Abdou Musonera, Aimable Nsabimana and Daniel Overbeck

11404: Trade Finance Use by Heterogeneous Firms

Francesca de Nicola, Alexandros Ragoussis, Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr and Trang Thu Tran

11403: A Theory of “Political Will” for Reforms

Laura Karpuska and Stuti Khemani

11402: The Impact of Conflict on Foreign Investments: Evidence from Project-Level Data

Arti Grover and Pierre-Louis Vézina

11401: Measuring Agency Through Psychological Constructs in Lower-Income Settings

Clare Clingain, Aletheia Donald and Maria Hernandez-de-Benito

11400: Worldwide Job Losses Due to Natural Hazards

Abdulrasheed Abdulkarim Isah, Jun Rentschler, Robin Middelanis, Paolo Avner and Stephane Hallegatte

11399: Gender and Goals Matter for Youth Employment: Returns to Socio-Emotional Skills Training in Tanzania

Rachel Cassidy, Smita Das, Clara Delavallade, Elijah Kipchumba and Munshi Sulaiman

11398: Who Gains from Cybersecurity Preparedness ? Evidence from Sectoral Growth

Estefania Belen Vergara Cobos, Selcen Cakir and Hagai Mei Zahav

11397: Motherhood and Labor Market Trajectories in Türkiye

Javier Baez, Santiago Garriga, Elizaveta Perova and Meliz Tyurkileri

11396: Evaluating Alternative Approaches to Small Area Estimation of Poverty with Survey and Census Data

Hai-Anh Dang, Minh Do, Partha Lahiri, Melany Gualavisi, David Newhouse, Talip Kilic, Peter Lanjouw and Roy van der Weide

11395: Inequality of Opportunity in South Asia: The Puzzle of Educational Gains Without Consumption Gains

Maurizio Bussolo, Vito Peragine and Fabian Reutzel

11394: Bridging the Gap: Infrastructure, Services, and Labor Market Integration

Devaki Ghose, Patrik Karpaty, Bengt Söderlund and Yingyan Zhao

11393: Comparing the Effectiveness of Low-Carbon Policies: A Technology Diffusion Approach

Unnada Chewpreecha, Francesca de Nicola, Aaditya Mattoo, Hector Pollitt and Trang Thu Tran

11392: Innovation Patterns in the World Bank Group Portfolio: A Pilot Analysis of IEG Evaluations for Lending Operations

Natalia Agapitova, Anastasia Nedayvoda, Stephen Joseph Winkler, Amschel Nathaniel De Rothschild, Ergun Ertekin and Sarah Lenoble

11391: The Economics of Cloud Infrastructure: Cost, Risk, and Comparative Advantage in a Commoditized Data Market

Luciano Charlita De Freitas, Michel Kerf, Priscila Honório Evangelista, Julian Najles, Luiz Alberto Esteves and Luis Alberto Andres

11390: Closing the Doors: Sexual Harassment and the Survival Rates of Women-owned Firms

Solène Delecourt, Sreelakshmi Papineni, Niklas Buehren and Salman Alibhai

11389: Are the Poor More Exposed to Climate Hazards in Latin America?

Ben James Brunckhorst, Miki Khanh Doan, Alejandro De la Fuente, Samuel Freije-Rodriguez, Catalina García and Minh Cong Nguyen

11388: In Sickness and In Health: Motivating Improved Healthcare Using Holistic Patient Contracts

Kevin Croke, Benjamin Daniels, Robert Lipinski and Daniel Rogger

11387: Nudging Parents out the Door: The Impacts of Parental Encouragement on School Choice and Test Scores

Guthrie Gray-Lobe, Michael Kremer, Joost de Laat, Oluchi Mbonu and Cole Scanlon

11386: Converging Paths: Intergenerational Educational Mobility and the Decline of Gender and Geographic Gaps in Bangladesh

Sergio Olivieri, Giovanni Razzu and Ayago Esmubancha Wambile

11385: Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link: The Case of Parental Benefits in Hungary and Latvia

Anikó Bíró, Péter Elek, Vitalijs Jascisens, Daniel Prinz, László Sándor and Anna Zasova

11384: Do Socio-Emotional Skills Pay Off and Can They Be Developed Through Training ? A Meta-Analysis

Diego Angel-Urdinola, Maurice Kugler, Narae Lee, Angelo Santos and Olzhas Zhorayev

11383: Public-Private Dialogue and Growth

Yi Jie Gwee and Tristan Reed

11382: Using Survey Data to Understand the Health Needs of Difficult to Reach Populations: Evidence from a Community Survey Regarding the Individual and Contextual Correlates of Sex Life Happiness Among European Men Who Have Sex With Men

Alexander Hamilton, Ford Hickson and Axel J Schmidt

11381: International Trade Finance and Learning Dynamics

David Kohn, Emiliano Evaristo Luttini, Michal Szkup and Shengxing Zhang

11380: One-Fifth of the World’s Population Is at High Risk of Climate-Related Hazards

Ruth Hill, Nisan Gorgulu, Ben James Brunckhorst, Minh Cong Nguyen, Stephane Hallegatte and Esther G. Naikal

11379: The Missing Half of Capital: Unlocking Finance for Women-Led Firms in Europe and Central Asia

Daksh Baheti, Lucero Burga, Anna Fruttero and Lucia Luzi

11378: Does Social Assistance Reach the Most Vulnerable in Settings with Forced Displacement ? Evidence from the Central African Republic

Jonathan William Lain and Johannes G. Hoogeveen

11377: Closing Data Gaps in Fertilizer Subsidy Analysis in Bangladesh: A Survey-to-Survey Imputation Approach

Fnu Jonaed, Ivan Francisco Gachet Otanez and Leopoldo Tornarolli

11376: Can a Digital Job Search Coach Reduce Unemployment ? Experimental Evidence from France

Aïcha Ben Dhia, Bruno Crépon, Esther Mbih, Louise Rita Paul-Delvaux, Bertille Picard and Vincent Pons

11375: Rising Heat in the Labor Market: The Impact of Rising Temperatures on Firms and Jobs in Europe

Luca Bettarelli, Thomas Farole, Michael Ganslmeir, Indhira Vanessa Santos and Marc Tobias Schiffbauer

11374: Using Price Incentives to Bound Welfare from Pay-as-You-Go Solar Electricity

Megan Elizabeth Lang

11373: Occupational Mobility and Green Transition: A Stylized Estimation of Skill Investment Needs in South Asia

Andrés Ham, Emmanuel Vazquez, Monica Yanez Pagans, Camilla Knudsen and Saher Asad

11372: Female Labor Force Participation and Gender Norms: A Machine Learning Analysis of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Natalia Pecorari and Jose Antonio Cuesta Leiva

11371: How Effective Are Emission Trading Systems in Reducing Emissions ? Empirical Evidence from the EU, New Zealand, and the Republic of Korea

Ze Song, Gal Hochman and Govinda Timilsina

11370: At the Edge of Risk: Assessing Mongolia’s “Plausible Worst-Case” Scenario

Migle Petrauskaite, Hector Pollitt and Xinru Lin

11369: Management of Health Care Facilities and Patient Attendance during Major Disruptions: Evidence from Kenya

Kathryn Gilman Andrews, Fabiano Dal Ri, Roberta V. Gatti, Renata Freitas Lemos, Mario Macis and Lydia Nakhone

11368: Uganda's Pioneer Refugee Model: Advances in Inclusion, Self-Reliance, and Pathways Forward

Susan Awor and Sandra Rozo

11367: Horizontal Equity of Taxation: Citizen Beliefs and Policy Preferences

Pierre Bachas, Christopher Hoy, Anders Jensen and Mahvish Ifrah Shaukat

11366: Even the Announcement Matters ? The Effect of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Exporter Behavior

Ugur Aytun, Gunhild Berg, Seyit Cilasun and Etkin Ozen

11365: Family Matters: Social Networks and Women’s Economic Empowerment

Nono Akpedje Ayivi Guedehoussou, Abhilasha Sahay, Maria Emilia Cucagna and Mansi Sharma

11364: Weather Shocks and Unintended Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa

Musa Hasen Ahmed, Halefom Yigzaw Nigus, Hiwot Mekonnen Mesfin and Gebrelibanos Gebremariam

11363: In Tablets We Trust ? Validation of the Use of Tablet-Based Tools for Land Area Measurement in Household Surveys

Federica Petruccelli, Sydney Gourlay, Adriana Paolantonio, Emanuele Clemente and John Ilukor

11362: Are Robots Shifting Foreign Direct Investments ?

Francesca de Nicola, Shawn Tan and Aaron Tang

11361: Does Automatic Loan Approval Reduce Gender Bias in SME Lending ?

Irani Arraiz, Miriam Bruhn and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

11360: Fine-Scale Spatial Disaggregation of Statistical Data via Graph Neural Networks

Kamwoo Lee, Brian Blankespoor and David Newhouse

11359: Survey-to-Survey Poverty Monitoring under Economic Shocks: The Role of Proxies and Flexible Nonlinear Learners

Nobuo Yoshida, Yusaku Kawashima and Shinya Takamatsu

11358: Project-Level Learning Lowers the Conflict Cost Premium of Energy Access

Ali Ahmad

11357: Completing the AfCFTA Mosaic: Liberalization of Trade in Services

Karlygash Serikovna Dairabayeva, Carmen Estrades Pineyrua and Maryla Maliszewska

11356: Counteracting the Impact of Societal Aging on Income Inequality: A Case Study of Malaysia

Gerton Rongen, Matthew Dornan, Philip O'Keefe and Peter Lanjouw

11355: Testing for Market Power in Agricultural Land Markets: Evidence from Ukraine

Klaus W. Deininger and Daniel Ayalew Ali

11354: Foreign Tariffs as Catalysts for Reform ? The Potential Development Dividend

Alessandro Barattieri, Aaditya Mattoo and Jose E. Signoret