Policy Research Working Paper Series

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11087: Ten Consequential and Actionable ‘Social’ Contributions to the Theory, Practice, and Evaluation of Development

Vijayendra Rao and Michael Woolcock

11086: Understanding Labor Market Demand in Real Time in Argentina and Uruguay

Evelyn Vezza, Gonzalo Zunino, Luis Laguinge, Harry Edmund Moroz, Ignacio Raul Apella and Marla Hillary Spivack

11085: Procuring Low Growth: The Impact of Political Favoritism on Public Procurement and Firm Performance in Bulgaria

Mihaly Fazekas, Viktoriia Poltoratskaya, Marc Tobias Schiffbauer and Bence Tóth

11084: Impacts and Spillovers of a Low-Cost Multifaceted Economic Inclusion Program in Chad

Patrick Premand and Pascale Schnitzer

11083: Gender Barriers, Structural Transformation, and Economic Development

Gaurav Chiplunkar and Tatjana Kleineberg

11082: Businesses of the State in Brazil: The Impact on Employment and Business Dynamism

Sara Brolhato, Xavier Cirera and Antonio Soares Martins Neto

11081: Firm-Level Climate Change Adaptation: Micro Evidence from 134 Nations

Claudia N. Berg, Luca Bettarelli, Davide Furceri, Michael Ganslmeier, Arti Grover, Megan Elizabeth Lang and Marc Tobias Schiffbauer

11080: Rural Non-Farm Employment in Rajasthan: Determinants, Welfare Effects, and Enterprise Performance

Francis Addeah Darko, Akankshita Dey and S. K. Ritadhi

11079: Weather Shocks and Rural Economic Linkages: Evidence from Rajasthan’s Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Sectors

Francis Addeah Darko, Akankshita Dey and S. K. Ritadhi

11078: Seeds of Change: The Impact of Ethiopia’s Direct Seed Marketing Approach on Smallholders’ Seed Purchases and Productivity

Dawit Mekonnen, Gashaw T. Abate, Seid Yimam, Rui Benfica, David Spielman and Frank Place

11077: Collecting Accurate Data on Intimate Partner Violence: Learnings from Pakistan

Nasir Iqbal, Amen Jalal, Mahreen Mahmud and Kate Vyborny

11076: Bridging Conflicts and Biodiversity Protection: The Critical Role of Reliable and Comparable Data

Brian Blankespoor, Susmita Dasgupta and David Wheeler

11075: From Conflict to Compromise: Experimental Evidence on Occupational Downgrading in Migration from Myanmar

Yashodhan Ghorpade and Muhammad Saad Imtiaz

11074: Community Health Workers as Key Providers of Easy-to-Use Contraceptive Injectables: Experimental Evidence from Rural Burundi

Michele Andreottola, Olivier Basenya, Victor Hugo Orozco Olvera, Arndt Reichert and Paula Spinola

11073: Beyond the AI Divide: A Simple Approach to Identifying Global and Local Overperformers in AI Preparedness

Pierre Jean-Claude Mandon

11072: Revisiting the Gains from Trade in EMDEs: The Case of Selected East Asian and East African Economies

Enkhmaa Battogtvor, Socrates Kraido Majune and Angella Montfaucon

11071: Road Investment and Violence in DRC: Perishable Peace Dividends

Mathilde Lebrand, Hannes Mueller, Peer Schouten and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

11070: Effects of a Community-Driven Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Intervention on Diarrhea, Child Growth, and Local Institutions: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Democratic Republic of Congo

John P Quattrochi, Kevin Croke, Caleb Jeremie Dohou, Luca Stanus Ghib, Yannick Bokasola Lokaya, Aidan Coville and Eric Mvukiyehe

11069: Energy Prices, Energy Intensity, and Firm Performance

Reyes Aterido, Mariana Iootty and Martin Melecký

11068: Technology and Corporate Ethical Standards

Marika Carboni, Degl’Innocenti,Marta, Franco Fiordelisi and Davide Salvatore Mare

11067: Rapid Economic Growth but Rising Poverty Segregation: Will Viet Nam Meet the SDGs for Equitable Development ?

Hai-Anh Dang, Shatakshee Dhongde, Minh Do, Cuong Nguyen and Obert Pimhidzai

11066: Dynamic Effects of Fiscal Rules: Do Initial Conditions Matter ?

Antonio Fatas, Bram Gootjes and Joseph Mawejje

11065: Deciding Not to Decide: When Is There Power in Not Deciding ?

Marya Hillesland, Cheryl R. Doss, Serena Masino, Martina Querejeta, Aletheia Amalia Donald, Greg Seymour and Clare Clingain

11064: Decarbonization in MENA Countries: An Empirical Analysis of Policy Impacts

Zeljko Bogetic and Hamid Mohtadi

11063: Does Free Sound Too Cheap ? The Adverse Effect of a Randomized Text Message Campaign on Program Take-up

Jeannie Annan, Mousson Estelle Jamel Koussoube, Josephine Tassy, Léa Rouanet, Clara Delavallade and David Evans

11062: Lying to the Taxman or Accepting a Helping Hand ? Evidence from a Novel Experiment on SMEs in Tanzania

Revocatus Washington Paul, Ephraim Mdee, Massaga Fimbo, Jonathan George Karver, Zain Chaudhry and Christopher Alexander Hoy

11061: The Elusive Impact of Corporate Tax Incentives

Massimiliano Calì, Giorgio Presidente and Thiago De Gouvea Scot de Arruda

11060: Exploring the Gender Divide in Real Estate Ownership and Property Tax Compliance

Tatiana Flores, Guillermo Cruces, Jose Carlo Bermúdez, Thiago De Gouvea Scot de Arruda, Juan Luis Schiavoni and Dario Tortarolo

11059: Design of Partial Population Experiments with an Application to Spillovers in Tax Compliance

Guillermo Cruces, Dario Tortarolo and Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare

11058: Dynamic, High-Resolution Wealth Measurement in Data-Scarce Environments

Zhuo Zheng, Timothy Wu, Richard Lee, David Newhouse, Talip Kilic, Marshall Burke, Stefano Ermon and David B. Lobell

11057: The Exposure of Workers to Artificial Intelligence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Gabriel Demombynes, Jorg Gero Langbein and Michael Weber

11056: Does Social Mobility Affect Economic Development ? Cross-Country Analysis Using Different Mobility Measures

Ivan Torre, Michael Lokshin and James Foster

11055: Displaced Learners: Early Integration of Ukrainian Refugee Students into Italy’s Schools

Michela Carlana, Pauline Castaing, Mauro Testaverde and Marco Tiberti

11054: Boosting Data Transparency: A Shared Incentive for Borrowers and Investors

Megumi Kubota

11053: Decentralized Markets for Electricity in Low-Income Countries

Megan Elizabeth Lang

11052: How Do Migrants Fare in Africa’s Urban Labor Markets ?

Luc Christiaensen and Michael Keenan

11051: Technology Sophistication across Establishments

Diego A. Comin, Xavier Cirera and Marcio Cruz

11050: Fixing Nitrogen: Agricultural Productivity, Environmental Fragility, and the Role of Subsidies

Esha Dilip Zaveri

11049: Forced Displacement, the Perpetuation of Autocratic Leadership, and Development in Origin Countries

Nicolás Cabra-Ruiz, Sandra Rozo and María Micaela Sviatschi

11048: Fishing and Climate Change in Coastal Bangladesh: The Economic and Health Impacts of Increasing Salinity

Brian Blankespoor, Susmita Dasgupta, Mainul Huq, Zahirul Huque Khan, Md. Golam Mustafa and David Wheeler

11047: Growing Vulnerability: What Happened to Europe’s Middle Class in the Course of a Decade ?

Maurizio Bussolo, Jonathan George Karver, Michael Lokshin, Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva and Ivan Torre

11046: Gender Bias, Citizen Participation, and AI

Jose Antonio Cuesta Leiva and Natalia Pecorari

11045: Implementing 30x30: Lessons from Country Case Studies

Susmita Dasgupta, Brian Blankespoor and David Wheeler

11044: Determinants of Bank Interest Spreads in Tajikistan

Pietro Calice

11043: Caseloads and Competence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Fundamental Reassessment of the Human Resources Crisis in Primary Health Care

Benjamin Daniels, Jishnu Das, Roberta V. Gatti and Andres Yi Chang

11042: Housing Subsidies for Refugees: Experimental Evidence on Life Outcomes and Social Integration in Jordan

Abdulrazzak Tamim, Emma Smith, I. Bailey Palmer, Edward Miguel, Samuel Leone, Sandra Rozo and Sarah Stillman

11041: The Gendered Impact of Social Norms on Financial Access and Capital Misallocation

Arti Grover and Mariana Viollaz

11040: The Unintended Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda

Claire Cullen, Arthur Alik Lagrange, Muthoni Ngatia and Julia Vaillant

11039: Exploring Geospatial-Based Approaches to Develop a Pre-Census National Sampling Frame in Armenia

Saida Ismailakhunova, Avralt-Od Purevjav, Tsenguunjav Byambasuren and Sarchil Qader

11038: Working for Yourself or for Your Kids ? Childcare Expansion Policy in Uzbekistan

Dilnovoz Abdurazzakova, Chiyu Niu and Avralt-Od Purevjav

11037: Fiscal Policy Procyclicality and Volatility in Commodity-Exporting Emerging and Developing Economies: Determinants and Implications for Growth

Francisco Arroyo Marioli and Garima Vasishtha

11036: The Emergence and Diffusion of Green Technologies: Firm-level Evidence from Textual Analysis of Patents and Earnings Calls

Paulo Bastos and Lucio Castro

11035: Clean Tech Manufacturing Opportunities in Central and Eastern Europe: Export and Investment Implications

Samuel Rosenow, Sarur Chaudhary Lnu, Gregor Semieniuk and Emilija Timmis

11034: Predicting Income Distributions from Almost Nothing

Daniel Gerszon Mahler, Marta Schoch, Christoph Lakner and Minh Nguyen Nguyet Do

11033: The Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Returns to Micro-Entrepreneurship: Evidence from a Cross-Section of Women in Mexico

Benjamin Williams, Jesica Torres Coronado and David C. Francis

11032: Estimating the Number of Firms in Africa

Marcio Cruz, Florian Moelders, Edgar Salgado Chavez and Ariane Tamara Volk

11031: Poverty Dynamics in Bhutan, 2017–2022: Evidence from Synthetic Panels

Nicola Amendola, Federico Belotti, Alvin Etang Ndip, Giulia Mancini and Giovanni Vecchi

11030: Global expansion of marine protected areas and the redistribution of fishing effort

Gavin McDonald, Jennifer Bone, Christopher Costello, Gabriel Englander and Jennifer Raynor

11029: Did Program Support for the Poorest Areas Work ? Evidence from Rural Viet Nam

Hai-Anh Dang, Klaus W. Deininger and Cuong Nguyen

11028: The Changing Landscape of Africa’s Growth

Cesar Calderon, Andrew L. Dabalen and Ayan Qu

11027: Unveiling Multidimensional Poverty: Insights from the EU

Monica Robayo and Lucia Echeverria

11026: Improving the Quality of Survey Estimates from Longitudinal Studies: An Application to LSMS Panel Surveys

Piero Falorsi, Paolo Righi and Giulia Ponzini

11025: Mapping Returns of Private Equity Investments in Emerging Markets

Florian Moelders and Edgar Salgado Chavez

11024: Trade Barriers or Catalysts ? Non-Tariff Measures and Firm-Level Trade Margins

Dela-Dem Doe Fiankor, Woubet Kassa and Abraham Lartey

11023: Does Competition from Informal Firms Encourage the Formal Firms to Obtain Quality Certificates ?

Mohammad Amin and Caroline Nogueira

11022: Informality and the Life Cycle of Plants

Furkan Sarikaya, Nazim Tamkoc and Jesica Torres Coronado

11021: Financial Inclusion and Economic Development: A Review of the Data and Evidence

Saniya Ansar, Leora Klapper and Dorothe Singer

11020: Impact of Temperature Uncertainty on Firm Growth: A Grid-Level Analysis

Jangho Yang and Christian Schoder

11019: Agricultural Windfalls and Electrification

Andrew L. Dabalen, Justice Tei Mensah, Aimable Nsabimana and Alexandre Nshunguyinka

11018: Crops, Conflict and Climate Change

Erhan Artuc, Guido Porto and Bob Rijkers

11017: Migrants as Social Protection ? Simulations of a Market for Work Permits

Quy-Toan Do, Michael Lokshin and Martin Ravallion

11016: Conserving Wildlife through Demand Reduction and Supply Alternatives: Two Experiments in Restaurants in Kinshasa

Abdoulaye Cisse, Gabriel Englander and Daniel J. Ingram

11015: The Mismeasure of Weather: Using Remotely Sensed Earth Observation Data in Economic Contexts

Anna Josephson, Jeffrey Michler, Talip Kilic and Siobhan Murray

11014: Coping or Hoping ? Livelihood Diversification and Food Insecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ann M. Furbush, Anna Josephson, Talip Kilic and Jeffrey Michler

11013: Land Price Effects of Informality, Farm Size, and Land Reform: Evidence from More Than One Million Transactions in Ukraine

Klaus W. Deininger and Daniel Ayalew Ali

11012: Pakistan Poverty Map 2019–2020

Ramiro Alberto Malaga Ortega, Moritz Meyer and Paul Andres Corral Rodas

11011: Losing to Inflation: Unmasking the Unequal Price Effect of Inflation across Households

Muhammad Nasir, Shabana Kishwar, Moritz Meyer and Oscar Eduardo Barriga Cabanillas

11010: Poverty Projections for Pakistan: Nowcasting and Forecasting

Oscar Eduardo Barriga Cabanillas, Shabana Kishwar, Moritz Meyer, Muhammad Nasir and Maria Qazi

11009: Geopolitics and the World Trading System

Aaditya Mattoo, Michele Ruta and Robert W. Staiger

11008: Expanding Financial Inclusion through Digital Financial Services: A Literature Review

Leora Klapper

11007: Measuring the Risk of Corruption and Its Price Impact in North Macedonia 2011–2022

Mihaly Fazekas, Aly Abdou, Klea Ibrahimi, Bence Tóth and Zdravko Veljanov

11006: Is the U.S. Friend-Shoring, Nearshoring, or Reshoring ? Evidence from Greenfield Investment Announcements

Alen Mulabdic and Gaurav Nayyar

11005: Decarbonization in MENA: Energy Transition, Trade, and Labor Markets

Raymond Robertson and Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

11004: Extreme Weather Shocks and Firms in the Middle East and North Africa

Esha Dilip Zaveri, Roberta V. Gatti and Asif Islam

11003: Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link: The Case of Maternity Benefits

Anikó Bíró, Péter Elek, Daniel Prinz and László Sándor

11002: Vulnerability to Climate Risk–Induced Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean

Alejandro De la Fuente and Monserrat Serio

11001: Trade Policy, Green Goods and the Labor Market: Evidence from the Philippines

Souleymane Coulibaly, Angella Montfaucon, Natnael Simachew Nigatu and Regina Stephanie Seri Epse Atsebi

11000: Do Bilateral Labor Agreements Increase Migration ? Global Evidence from 1960 to 2020

Samik Adhikari, Narcisse Changom, Heidi Kristiina Kaila and Maheshwor Shrestha

10999: Climate Shocks and Their Effects on Food Security, Prices, and Agricultural Wages in Afghanistan

Tosin Kolajo Gbadegesin, Bo Pieter Johannes Andree and Ademola Braimoh

10998: Reforming Land Valuation and Taxation in Ukraine: A Path towards greater Sustainability Fairness, and Transparency

Klaus W. Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali, Eduard Bukin and Andrii Martyn

10997: Firm Size and Public Investment Multipliers: Micro Evidence from Peru

James Sampi, Guillermo Javier Vuletin and J.T. Araujo

10996: VAT Refunds and Firms’ Performance: Evidence from a Withholding Reform in Honduras

David Pineda Pinto, Jose Carlo Bermúdez and Thiago De Gouvea Scot de Arruda

10995: Impacts of Disasters in Conflict Settings: Evidence from Mozambique and Nigeria

Karima Ben Bih, Chloe Genevieve Helene Desjonqueres, Bramka Arga Jafino, Elodie Blanc and Solene Masson

10994: Local Knowledge, Formal Evidence, and Policy Decisions

Eva Vivalt, Aidan Coville and Sampada Kc

10993: Local Economic Shocks and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Rwandan Coffee Mills

Andrew L. Dabalen, Justice Tei Mensah and Aimable Nsabimana

10992: Testing the Promise of Digital Scaling: In-Person versus App-Based Training for Women Entrepreneurs

Rachel Cassidy, Menaal Fatima Ebrahim and Diego Ubfal

10991: The Only Way Is Up ? Economic Mobility in Malaysia in the 21st Century

Gerton Rongen and Peter Lanjouw

10990: Yield Growth Patterns of Food Commodities: Insights and Challenges

John Baffes and Xiaoli Etienne

10989: GDP-Employment Elasticities across Developing Economies

Constantin Burgi, Shoghik Hovhannisyan and Camilo Mondragon Velez

10988: Global Ripple Effects: Knock-on Effects of EU, US, and China Climate Policies on Developing Countries’ Trade

Enrique Aldaz-Carroll, Euijin Jung, Maryla Maliszewska and Iryna Sikora