Policy Research Working Paper Series

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11045: Implementing 30x30: Lessons from Country Case Studies

Susmita Dasgupta, Brian Blankespoor and David Wheeler

11044: Determinants of Bank Interest Spreads in Tajikistan

Pietro Calice

11043: Caseloads and Competence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Fundamental Reassessment of the Human Resources Crisis in Primary Health Care

Benjamin Daniels, Jishnu Das, Roberta V. Gatti and Andres Yi Chang

11042: Housing Subsidies for Refugees: Experimental Evidence on Life Outcomes and Social Integration in Jordan

Abdulrazzak Tamim, Emma Smith, I. Bailey Palmer, Edward Miguel, Samuel Leone, Sandra Rozo and Sarah Stillman

11041: The Gendered Impact of Social Norms on Financial Access and Capital Misallocation

Arti Grover and Mariana Viollaz

11040: The Unintended Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda

Claire Cullen, Arthur Alik Lagrange, Muthoni Ngatia and Julia Vaillant

11039: Exploring Geospatial-Based Approaches to Develop a Pre-Census National Sampling Frame in Armenia

Saida Ismailakhunova, Avralt-Od Purevjav, Tsenguunjav Byambasuren and Sarchil Qader

11038: Working for Yourself or for Your Kids ? Childcare Expansion Policy in Uzbekistan

Dilnovoz Abdurazzakova, Chiyu Niu and Avralt-Od Purevjav

11037: Fiscal Policy Procyclicality and Volatility in Commodity-Exporting Emerging and Developing Economies: Determinants and Implications for Growth

Francisco Arroyo Marioli and Garima Vasishtha

11036: The Emergence and Diffusion of Green Technologies: Firm-level Evidence from Textual Analysis of Patents and Earnings Calls

Paulo Bastos and Lucio Castro

11035: Clean Tech Manufacturing Opportunities in Central and Eastern Europe: Export and Investment Implications

Samuel Rosenow, Sarur Chaudhary Lnu, Gregor Semieniuk and Emilija Timmis

11034: Predicting Income Distributions from Almost Nothing

Daniel Gerszon Mahler, Marta Schoch, Christoph Lakner and Minh Nguyen Nguyet Do

11033: The Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Returns to Micro-Entrepreneurship: Evidence from a Cross-Section of Women in Mexico

Benjamin Williams, Jesica Torres Coronado and David C. Francis

11032: Estimating the Number of Firms in Africa

Marcio Cruz, Florian Moelders, Edgar Salgado Chavez and Ariane Tamara Volk

11031: Poverty Dynamics in Bhutan, 2017–2022: Evidence from Synthetic Panels

Nicola Amendola, Federico Belotti, Alvin Etang Ndip, Giulia Mancini and Giovanni Vecchi

11030: Global expansion of marine protected areas and the redistribution of fishing effort

Gavin McDonald, Jennifer Bone, Christopher Costello, Gabriel Englander and Jennifer Raynor

11029: Did Program Support for the Poorest Areas Work ? Evidence from Rural Viet Nam

Hai-Anh Dang, Klaus W. Deininger and Cuong Viet Nguyen

11028: The Changing Landscape of Africa’s Growth

Cesar Calderon, Andrew L. Dabalen and Ayan Qu

11027: Unveiling Multidimensional Poverty: Insights from the EU

Monica Robayo and Lucia Echeverria

11026: Improving the Quality of Survey Estimates from Longitudinal Studies: An Application to LSMS Panel Surveys

Piero Falorsi, Paolo Righi and Giulia Ponzini

11025: Mapping Returns of Private Equity Investments in Emerging Markets

Florian Moelders and Edgar Salgado Chavez

11024: Trade Barriers or Catalysts ? Non-Tariff Measures and Firm-Level Trade Margins

Dela-Dem Doe Fiankor, Woubet Kassa and Abraham Lartey

11023: Does Competition from Informal Firms Encourage the Formal Firms to Obtain Quality Certificates ?

Mohammad Amin and Caroline Nogueira

11022: Informality and the Life Cycle of Plants

Furkan Sarikaya, Nazim Tamkoc and Jesica Torres Coronado

11021: Financial Inclusion and Economic Development: A Review of the Data and Evidence

Saniya Ansar, Leora Klapper and Dorothe Singer

11020: Impact of Temperature Uncertainty on Firm Growth: A Grid-Level Analysis

Jangho Yang and Christian Schoder

11019: Agricultural Windfalls and Electrification

Andrew L. Dabalen, Justice Tei Mensah, Aimable Nsabimana and Alexandre Nshunguyinka

11018: Crops, Conflict and Climate Change

Erhan Artuc, Guido Porto and Bob Rijkers

11017: Migrants as Social Protection ? Simulations of a Market for Work Permits

Quy-Toan Do, Michael Lokshin and Martin Ravallion

11016: Conserving Wildlife through Demand Reduction and Supply Alternatives: Two Experiments in Restaurants in Kinshasa

Abdoulaye Cisse, Gabriel Englander and Daniel J. Ingram

11015: The Mismeasure of Weather: Using Remotely Sensed Earth Observation Data in Economic Contexts

Anna Josephson, Jeffrey D. Michler, Talip Kilic and Siobhan Murray

11014: Coping or Hoping ? Livelihood Diversification and Food Insecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ann M. Furbush, Anna Josephson, Talip Kilic and Jeffrey D. Michler

11013: Land Price Effects of Informality, Farm Size, and Land Reform: Evidence from More Than One Million Transactions in Ukraine

Klaus W. Deininger and Daniel Ayalew Ali

11012: Pakistan Poverty Map 2019–2020

Ramiro Alberto Malaga Ortega, Moritz Meyer and Paul Andres Corral Rodas

11011: Losing to Inflation: Unmasking the Unequal Price Effect of Inflation across Households

Muhammad Nasir, Shabana Kishwar, Moritz Meyer and Oscar Eduardo Barriga Cabanillas

11010: Poverty Projections for Pakistan: Nowcasting and Forecasting

Oscar Eduardo Barriga Cabanillas, Shabana Kishwar, Moritz Meyer, Muhammad Nasir and Maria Qazi

11009: Geopolitics and the World Trading System

Aaditya Mattoo, Michele Ruta and Robert W. Staige

11008: Expanding Financial Inclusion through Digital Financial Services: A Literature Review

Leora Klapper

11007: Measuring the Risk of Corruption and Its Price Impact in North Macedonia 2011–2022

Mihaly Fazekas, Aly Abdou, Klea Ibrahimi, Bence Tóth and Zdravko Veljanov

11006: Is the U.S. Friend-Shoring, Nearshoring, or Reshoring ? Evidence from Greenfield Investment Announcements

Alen Mulabdic and Gaurav Nayyar

11005: Decarbonization in MENA: Energy Transition, Trade, and Labor Markets

Raymond Robertson and Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

11004: Extreme Weather Shocks and Firms in the Middle East and North Africa

Esha Dilip Zaveri, Roberta V. Gatti and Asif Islam

11003: Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link: The Case of Maternity Benefits

Anikó Bíró, Péter Elek, Daniel Prinz and László Sándor

11002: Vulnerability to Climate Risk–Induced Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean

Alejandro De la Fuente and Monserrat Serio

11001: Trade Policy, Green Goods and the Labor Market: Evidence from the Philippines

Souleymane Coulibaly, Angella Faith Montfaucon, Natnael Simachew Nigatu and Regina Stephanie Seri Epse Atsebi

11000: Do Bilateral Labor Agreements Increase Migration ? Global Evidence from 1960 to 2020

Samik Adhikari, Narcisse Changom, Heidi Kristiina Kaila and Maheshwor Shrestha

10999: Climate Shocks and Their Effects on Food Security, Prices, and Agricultural Wages in Afghanistan

Tosin Kolajo Gbadegesin, Bo Pieter Johannes Andree and Ademola Braimoh

10998: Reforming Land Valuation and Taxation in Ukraine: A Path towards greater Sustainability Fairness, and Transparency

Klaus W. Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali, Eduard Bukin and Andrii Martyn

10997: Firm Size and Public Investment Multipliers: Micro Evidence from Peru

James Sampi, Guillermo Javier Vuletin and J.T. Araujo

10996: VAT Refunds and Firms’ Performance: Evidence from a Withholding Reform in Honduras

David Pineda Pinto, Jose Carlo Bermúdez and Thiago De Gouvea Scot de Arruda

10995: Impacts of Disasters in Conflict Settings: Evidence from Mozambique and Nigeria

Karima Ben Bih, Chloe Genevieve Helene Desjonqueres, Bramka Arga Jafino, Elodie Blanc and Solene Masson

10994: Local Knowledge, Formal Evidence, and Policy Decisions

Eva Vivalt, Aidan Coville and Sampada Kc

10993: Local Economic Shocks and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from Rwandan Coffee Mills

Andrew L. Dabalen, Justice Tei Mensah and Aimable Nsabimana

10992: Testing the Promise of Digital Scaling: In-Person versus App-Based Training for Women Entrepreneurs

Rachel Cassidy, Menaal Fatima Ebrahim and Diego Ubfal

10991: The Only Way Is Up ? Economic Mobility in Malaysia in the 21st Century

Gerton Rongen and Peter Lanjouw

10990: Yield Growth Patterns of Food Commodities: Insights and Challenges

John Baffes and Xiaoli Etienne

10989: GDP-Employment Elasticities across Developing Economies

Constantin Burgi, Shoghik Hovhannisyan and Camilo Mondragon Velez

10988: Global Ripple Effects: Knock-on Effects of EU, US, and China Climate Policies on Developing Countries’ Trade

Enrique Aldaz-Carroll, Euijin Jung, Maryla Maliszewska and Iryna Sikora

10987: Green Is Less Greedy: Competition, Corruption, and Productivity in Green Public Procurement in Bulgaria

Viktoriia Poltoratskaia, Maria Fernanda Quintero, Mihaly Fazekas and Marc Tobias Schiffbauer

10986: Global Evolution of Power Market Designs

Elcin Akcura and Emelly Mutambatsere

10985: Firm Linkages and Domestic Value Added in Exports: Moving up the Global Value Chains with High-Speed Railways

Hiau Looi Kee, Enze Xie and Mingzhi (Jimmy) Xu

10984: From Fiscal Cyclicality to Fiscal Stress: The Role of Asymmetric Public Consumption Rigidities in Emerging Markets

Daniel Riera-Crichton, Pilar Ruiz Orrico and Guillermo Javier Vuletin

10983: The Potential Cascading Impacts of Climate Change in Cambodia

Hector Pollitt and Migle Petrauskaite

10982: Fiscal Policy’s Role in Economic Resilience to Climate Shocks

Armon Rezai, Franz Ulrich Ruch, Rishabh Choudhary and John Nana Darko Francois

10981: Behaviorally Informed Messages Increase COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: Insights from a Global Meta-Analysis

Corey Cameron, Jungkyu Rhys Lim, Michelle Dugas, Ellen Elizabeth Moscoe, Mohamad Chatila, Renos Vakis, Zeina Afif, Victor Orozco-Olvera and Daniel Alejandro Pinzon Hernandez

10980: Building Women's Skills for Economic Inclusion and Resilience

Megan Elizabeth Lang and Julia Seither

10979: Reconciling Multi-Level Rights-Based Commitments in Development: Assessing the Legal and Administrative Imperatives of Responding to Education, Health Care, and Environment Protection Challenges

Bernice Nuerkey Narh and Michael Woolcock

10978: Poverty Lines and Spatial Differences in the Cost of Living

Nicola Amendola, Federico Belotti, María Edo, Marco Ranzani and Giovanni Vecchi

10977: High Tariffs, High Stakes: The Policy Drivers behind Firm-Level Adoption of Green Technologies

Samuel Rosenow, Alvaro Raul Espitia Rueda and Ana Margarida Fernandes

10976: A Longitudinal Cross-Country Dataset on Agricultural Productivity and Welfare in Sub-Saharan Africa

Thomas Patrick Bentze and Philip Randolph Wollburg

10975: Maternal Mental Health and Its Influence on Children’s Early Development: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Mahreen Tahir Chowdhry, Elizabeth Lauren Hentschel, Heather B. Tomlinson, Amna Ansari, Amer Hasan, Aisha Yousafzai and Naveed Hussain

10974: Resolving Puzzles of Monetary Policy Transmission in Emerging Markets

Ayhan Kose, Jongrim Ha, Dohan Kim and Eswar Prasad

10973: Is There a Gendered Parenthood Penalty in Indonesian Labor Markets?

Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez, Ardina Hasanbasri and Fernando Rios-Avila

10972: Are There Jobs for Everyone ? An Analysis of the Relationship between the Employment of Older and Younger Persons in Indonesia

Amanina Binti Abdur Rahman

10971: The Timing versus Allocation Trade-off in Politically Constrained Climate Policies

Adam Michael Bauer, Stephane Hallegatte and Florent McIsaac

10970: Weathering Shocks: Unraveling the Effects of Short-Term Weather Shocks on Poverty in Paraguay

Teresa Janz, Franziska Gassmann and Lyliana Gayoso de Ervin

10969: Afghanistan’s New Economic Landscape: Using Nighttime Lights to Understand the Civilian Economy after 2021

Ivo Teruggi, Oscar Eduardo Barriga Cabanillas, Walker Kosmidou-Bradley, Silvia Redaelli and Eigo Tateishi

10968: Is There an Underside to Economic Growth ? A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Malaysia

M Asadullah, Monica Biradavolu, Vijayendra Rao and Kenneth Simler

10967: Can Facebook Ads Prevent Malaria ? Two Field Experiments in India

Dante Donati, Nandan Rao, Victor Orozco-Olvera and Ana Maria Munoz Boudet

10966: Perceptions of Economic Mobility and Support for Education Reforms

Alexandru Cojocaru, Michael Lokshin and Iván Torre

10965: Maximizing Output and Government Revenues from Mining in Developing Countries: The Role of Country Political Risk and Investors’ Return, and Implications for the Energy Transition

Graham Davis, Chadi Bou Habib, Gaute Solheim and Martin Lokanc

10964: Yielding Insights: Machine Learning-Driven Imputations to Filling Agricultural Data Gaps

Ismael Yacoubou Djima, Marco Tiberti and Talip Kilic

10963: Optimal Public Sector Premium, Talent Misallocation, and Aggregate Productivity: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa

Jesica Torres Coronado and Francisco Parro

10962: Ancaman Beracun terhadap Sumber Daya Manusia Indonesia: Prevalensi dan Dampak Cat timbal di Rumah Indonesia

William Hutchins Seitz and Imam Setiawan

10961: How Regulations Impact the Labor Market: A Review of the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations

David Alzate, Eliana Carranza, Joana Duran-Franch, Truman G. Packard and Celina Proffen

10960: Prioritizing Heat Mitigation Actions in Indian Cities: A Cost-Benefit Analysis under Climate Change Scenarios

Nicholas K.W. Jones, Asmita Tiwari, Natsuko Kikutake, Sacha Takacs and Niels Souverijns

10959: Is Escaping the Fiscal Pro-Cyclicality Trap Possible ? Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa

Zeljko Bogetic and Dominik Naeher

10958: Crisis Credit, Employment Protection, Indebtedness, and Risk

Federico Huneeus, Joseph Kaboski, Mauricio Larrain, Sergio Schmukler and Mario Vera

10957: Designing Air Quality Measurement Systems in Data-Scarce Settings

Bridget Hoffmann and Sveta Milusheva

10956: Fading Away Informality by Development

M Nazim Tamkoc

10955: Trade Restructuring: Assessing Labor Market and Welfare Effects

Kaleb Abreha and Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

10954: Revisiting Public Investment Multipliers: Nonlinear Effects of the Business Cycle, Fiscal Space, Efficiency, and Capital Stock

Amat Adarov, Benedict Clements and Joao Jalles

10953: The Impact of Market Volatility on Hotel Efficiency in Malaysia: Does Hotel Size Matter ?

Mohammad Amin and Nesma Ali

10952: The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and 2024 Update

Daniel Kaufmann and Aart C. Kraay

10951: Heterogeneous Effects of Trade Agreements in Central America: The Case of CAFTA-DR

Sebastian Franco Bedoya and Woori Lee

10950: Technological Decoupling ? The Impact on Innovation of US Restrictions on Chinese Firms

Yu Cao, Francesca de Nicola, Aaditya Mattoo and Jonathan David Timmis

10949: Digitalization, Remote Work and Firm Resilience: Evidence from the COVID-19 Shock

Ileana Cristina Constantinescu, Arti Grover and Gaurav Nayyar

10948: Financial Deepening and Carbon Emissions Intensity: Evidence from a Global Sample of Countries

Boris Fisera, Martin Melecký and Dorothe Singer

10947: Household and Firm Exposure to Heat and Floods in South Asia

A. Patrick Behrer, Jonah Matthew Rexer, Siddharth Sharma and Margaret Triyana

10946: Education, Social Norms, and the Marriage Penalty: Evidence from South Asia

Maurizio Bussolo, Jonah Matthew Rexer and Margaret Triyana