Policy Research Working Paper Series

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11228: The Impact of a Mobile Money Levy on Household Welfare: Evidence from Tanzania

Revocatus Washington Paul and Dhiraj Sharma

11227: Public Procurement and Firms: Evidence from Kenya

Justice Tei Mensah, Peter Chacha Wankuru and Benard K. Kirui

11226: Green versus Conventional Corporate Debt: From Issuances to Emissions

Juan Jose Cortina Lorente, Claudio Raddatz, Sergio Schmukler and Tomas Williams

11225: Stanley Fischer Memorial Lecture: Geopolitics and Development—The World Bank ABCDE Conference

Robert B. Zoellick

11224: Five Frictions: Key Labor Market Barriers to Unlocking Job Growth in the Green Transition

Camilla Knudsen, Fernanda Senra de Moura, Joris Joseph Johannes Hendrik Bucker and Penelope Ann Mealy

11223: Women as Environmental Leaders: Shifting the Narrative from Vulnerability to Empowerment

Adhwaa Alsaleh, Girija Borker and Hannah Irmela Uckat

11222: Deterring Industrial Vessels from African Coastal Fisheries

Aishwarya Agarwal and Gabriel Englander

11221: Using Remotely Sensed Data to Assess War-Induced Damage to Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence from Ukraine

Klaus W. Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali, Kussul Nataliia, Guido Lemoine, Andrii Shelestov and Leonid Shumilo

11220: Natural Disasters and Perceived Returns to Education

Macoura Doumbia and Damien de Walque

11219: Geopolitical Risks and Trade

Alen Mulabdic and Yoto Yotov

11217: The Impact of Atlantic Hurricanes on Business Activity

Sumit Agarwal, Smarajit Paul Choudhury, Mingxuan Fan and Leora Klapper

11216: Higher Education Expansion and Firm Organization

Xavier Cirera, Marcio Cruz and Antonio Soares Martins Neto

11215: Uneven Waters: Examining Poverty and Urban and Rural Households' Exposure to Flood Risk in Paraguay

Paul Ervin, Lyliana Gayoso and Eliana Carolina Rubiano Matulevich

11214: Growth, Structural Transformation and Carbon Emissions

Alen Mulabdic, Gaurav Nayyar and Katherine Stapleton

11213: The Economic Value of Weather Forecasts: A Quantitative Systematic Literature Review

Hannah Farkas, Manuel Linsenmeier, Marta Talevi, Paolo Avner, Bramka Arga Jafino and Moussa Sidibe

11212: Rural Roads and Local Economic Development in China

Yajie Han, Nino Pkhikidze, Yu Qin and Yi Yang

11211: Women in Sciences and Engineering: Why Leveling Employment in Industrial Sectors Matters for Economic Diversification in Developing Countries

Yselle Flora Malah-Kuete, Désiré Avom and Luc Désiré Omgba

11210: Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations: Intertwined Crises, Multiple Vulnerabilities

Samuel Hill, Jeetendra Khadan and Peter Metin Selcuk

11209: The Central African Republic’s Forestry and Mining Revenue Potential

Yannick Bouterige, Baptiste Marquant and Pierre Jean-Claude Mandon

11208: An Apple a Day: The Impact of Healthier School Meals on Children in Jordan

Simone Lombardini, Florence Kondylis, Benedetta Lerva, Jonas Heirman, Roshni Khincha and Hannah Irmela Uckat

11207: Social Defaults and Plan Choice: The Case of Spousal Following

Tal Gross, Tim Layton, Daniel Prinz and Julia Yates

11206: Temperature Anomalies as an Obstacle to Women’s Rights and Economic Empowerment?

Daniela Monika Behr, Liang Shen, Ana Maria Tribin Uribe and Tea Trumbic

11205: Algorithms and Bureaucrats: Evidence from Tax Audit Selection in Senegal

Pierre Bachas, Anne Brockmeyer, Alipio Ferreira and Bassirou Sarr

11204: Beyond Camps and Communities: The Economics of Refugee Relocation in Bangladesh

Sandra Rozo, María José Urbina and Christina Wieser

11203: Children in Monetary Poor Households: Global, Regional, and Select National Trends in the Progress against Child Poverty

Gabriel Lara Ibarra, Daylan Alberto Salmeron Gomez, Solrun Engilbertsdottir, Carolina Diaz-Bonilla, Enrique Delamonica and Jennifer Yablonski

11202: Nowcasting Disruptions to Human Capital Formation: Evidence from High-Frequency Household and Geospatial Data in Rural Malawi

Elizabeth J. Tennant, Aleksandr Michuda, Joanna B. Upton, Andres Chamorro, Ryan Engstrom, Michael L. Mann, David Newhouse, Michael Weber and Christopher Barrett

11201: Socioemotional Skills in Sub-Saharan Africa: Validating and Comparing Behavioral and Self-Reported Measures

Clara Anne Delavallade, Smita Das, Lea Marie Rouanet, Aidan Clerkin, Chris Gonzalez and Julian Jamison

11200: Command and Can’t Control: Assessing Centralized Accountability in the Public Sector

Saad Gulzar, Juan Felipe Ladino, Muhammad Zia Mehmood and Daniel Rogger

11199: Early Warnings Coverage, Determinants of Reception, and Benefits: What Surveys Can Tell Us

Chloé Beaudet, Louise Bernard, Bramka Arga Jafino and Paolo Avner

11198: International Activity and Female Labor Participation: New Evidence for Services Firms in Developing Countries

Luis Aguilar Luna and Deborah Elisabeth Winkler

11197: Beyond Food Security: Optimizing Sustainable Healthy Diets in Ghana's Dietary Transition

Francis Addeah Darko and Edward Martey

11196: Investing in Human Capital During Wartime: Experimental Evidence from Ukraine

Lelys Dinarte, James Gresham, Renata Lemos, Harry Patrinos and Rony Rodriguez-Ramirez

11195: Protectionism, Evasion and Household Welfare: Evidence from Nigeria’s Import Bans

Erhan Artuc, Guillermo Enrique Falcone, Guido Porto and Bob Rijkers

11194: Field-Scale Rice Area and Yield Mapping in Sri Lanka with Optical Remote Sensing and Limited Training Data

Ana Margarida Fernandes, Eduardo Fraga, Devaki Ghose, Mutlu Özdogan, Gonzalo Varela and Sherrie Wang

11193: Fiscal Multipliers in Resource-Rich Economies: Evidence from the Gulf Countries

World Bank

11192: Stress Testing Survey to Survey Imputation: Understanding When Poverty Predictions Can Fail

Paul Andres Corral Rodas, Andrés Ham, Peter Lanjouw, Leonardo Ramiro Lucchetti and Henry Stemmler

11191: The Labor Market Effects of Droughts in MENA

Nelly Youssef Louis William Elmallakh, Diego Faures, Roberta V. Gatti and Asif Islam

11190: Long-Term Effects of Early Childhood Exposure to Droughts in MENA

Nelly Youssef Louis William Elmallakh, Roberta V. Gatti, Asif Islam and Mennatallah Emam Mohamed Sayed Mousa

11189: Unequal Burdens, Uneven Benefits: Applying a Gender Lens to the Analysis of Peru’s Fiscal System

Paola Buitrago Hernandez, Luciana De la Flor Giuffra, Gonzalo Javier Rivera Gallegos and Eliana Carolina Rubiano Matulevich

11188: Spatial Analysis of Coal Transition Vulnerability in Indonesia

Emcet Oktay Tas, Ezgi Canpolat, Megan Cole, Abidah Billah Setyowati and Jasminah Woodhouse

11187: The Impact of Knowledge and Deliberative Processes on Local Spending Preferences for Climate Action

James Thomas Erbaugh, Hannah Jane Duncan, Emcet Oktay Tas, Rodd Myers, Yustina Octifanny, Rahayu Harjanthi, Ellyn K. Damayanti and Arun Agrawal

11186: Job Accessibility, Commute Time, and Efficiency of Urban Transport: Evidence from Dar es Salaam

Atsushi Iimi

11185: The Lasting Effects of Working while in School: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Mery Ferrando, Noemi Katzkowicz, Thomas Le Barbanchon and Diego Ubfal

11184: The Global Gender Distortions Index (GGDI)

Penny Goldberg, Charles Gottlieb, Somik V. Lall, Meet Mehta, Michael Peters and Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan

11183: Decarbonizing Air Transport: Insights from a Quasi-Experiment

Megersa Abera Abate, Alessandro Barattieri, Alberto Brugnoli and Flavio Porta

11182: The Impact of Trade Promotion Organizations on Exports: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yewon Choi, Ana Margarida Fernandes, Arti Grover, Leonardo Iacovone and Marcelo Olarreaga

11181: Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods and New Data

Atsushi Iimi

11180: Climate Vulnerability and Job Accessibility: Evidence from Antananarivo, Madagascar

Atsushi Iimi

11179: Central Bank Independence and Sovereign Borrowing

Angelos Athanasopoulos, Nicolo Fraccaroli, Andreas Kern and Davide Romelli

11178: Assessing Secondary Benefits of Urban Flood Protection Projects: The Case of Wroclaw, Poland

Winston Yu, Ran Goldblatt, Tesss Doeffinger, Ross Marc Eisenberg and Steven Louis Rubinyi

11177: Protecting Forests in the Congo Basin: An Empirical Basis for Performance-Linked Financing for the Republic of Congo

Dieter Wang, Philipp Kollenda, Veerle de Smit, Kanta Kumari Rigaud, Tsegaye Ginbo Gatiso and Alexander Golub

11176: Designing and Analyzing Powerful Experiments: Practical Tips for Applied Researchers

David McKenzie

11175: Mangroves for Coastal Resilience in Bangladesh: Identification of Potential Locations, Assessment of Triple Dividends, and Cost Estimation

Alejandra Gijón Mancheño, Luke McKinnon Brander, Bramka Arga Jafino, Ignacio Urrutia and Swarna Kazi

11174: Engineering Ukraine’s Wirtschaftswunder

Ufuk Akcigit, Furkan Kilic, Somik V. Lall and Solomiya Shpak

11173: The Future of Poverty: Projecting the Impact of Climate Change on Global Poverty through 2050

Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez, Minh Cong Nguyen and Paul Andres Corral Rodas

11172: Exports, Labor Markets, and the Environment: Evidence from Brazil

Carlos Andre Bezerra De Goes, Otavio Canozzi Conceicao, Gabriel Lara Ibarra and Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

11171: Impact of Heat Waves on Learning Outcomes and the Role of Conditional Cash Transfers: Evidence from Peru

Juan Jose Miranda Montero and Cesar Contreras

11170: The Asymmetric Bank Distress Amplifier of Recessions

Dohan Kim

11169: From Tailwinds to Headwinds: Emerging and Developing Economies in the Twenty-First Century

Mirco Balatti Mozzanica, Ayhan Kose, Kate Frances Mckinnon, Edoardo Palombo, Naotaka Sugawara, Guillermo Verduzco Bustos and Dana Vorisek

11168: Exploring Household Recovery after a Disaster in a Conflict Setting: The Case of the June-November 2022 Nigerian Floods

Karima Ben Bih, Bramka Arga Jafino, Chloe Genevieve Helene Desjonqueres and Mikhail Sirenko

11167: Unpacking the Disaster-FCV Nexus: Household Economic Impacts of Conflict and Floods in Nigeria

Karima Ben Bih, Bramka Arga Jafino, Chloe Genevieve Helene Desjonqueres and Solene Masson

11166: Intergenerational Income Mobility around the World: A New Database

Ercio Muñoz Saavedra and Roy Van der Weide

11165: A “Big Push” Through the Finish Line: Evidence from a Composite Scholarship for Ugandan Students

Benedetta Lerva, Denise Ferris and Margherita Fornasari

11164: Trade's Emissions Paradox: Cutting Greenhouse Gases, Raising Air Pollution

Ebad Ebadi and Enrique Aldaz-Carroll

11163: Inequality, Education, and Occupational Change in the Philippines

Nadia Belhaj Hassine Belghith, Francine Claire Chang Fernandez and Benjamin Aaron Lavin

11162: The Impact of Credential Recognition: Evidence from Venezuelan Health Professionals in Peru

Javier Torres, Pablo Ariel Acosta and Gustavo Javier Canavire Bacarreza

11161: Environmental Stringency and Firms’ Participation in Global Value Chains: Evidence for MENA Countries

Nada Hazem and Chahir Zaki

11160: Climate Change Negotiations under the Shadow of History

Sheheryar Banuri, Ha Nguyen and Ernest John Sergenti

11159: Soaring Food Prices Threaten Recent Economic Gains in the EU

Monica Robayo-Abril, Leonardo Ramiro Lucchetti, Lukas Delgado-Prieto and Reena Badiani-Magnusson

11158: Modeling Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Urban Heat in Bangkok

Juan A. Acero, Vivek K. Sinh and Steven Louis Rubinyi

11157: Economics of Household Cooking Using Electricity in Nepal

Sunil Malla, Govinda R. Timilsina and Martin Heger

11156: Expansionary Fiscal Consolidation Under Sovereign Risk

Carlos Esquivel and Agustin Samano

11155: Antitrust Enforcement and Firm Performance: Evidence from Colombia’s Sugar Market

James Sampi and Ekaterina Vostroknutova

11154: Global Stock-Take of Fuel Subsidies and Pricing Policies

Elcin Akcura

11153: A Global Assessment of Domestic Petroleum Fuel Prices

Elcin Akcura

11152: Gender Discrimination in Entrepreneurial Finance: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

Niklas Buehren and Sreelakshmi Papineni

11151: Conscious Coupling: Impact of a Skills Intervention to Address Intrahousehold Constraints for Women Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia

Sophia Friedson-Ridenour, Adiam Hagos Hailemicheal, Dumebi Uzoabaka Ochem and Sreelakshmi Papineni

11150: Double Burden, Unequal Ground: Childcare Challenges and Work-Family Conflict for Low-Income Mothers in Urban Burkina Faso

Fiona Gedeon Achi, Sophia Friedson-Ridenour, Rachael Susan Pierotti, Nathalie Ouangraoua and Alis Bambara

11149: Geopolitical Fragmentation and Friendshoring: Evidence from Project-Level Foreign Investment Data

Arti Grover and Pierre-Louis Vézina

11148: Contraceptive Concordance

Sarah Vincent, Catalina Herrera-Almanza, S Anukriti and Mahesh Karra

11147: Wealth, Marriage, and Sex Selection

Girija Borker, Jan Eeckhout, Nancy Luke, Shantidani Minz, Kaivan Munshi and Soumya Swaminathan

11146: Accelerating Learning in Ecuador's Technical Institutes: The Impact of Using Mixed Reality to Teach Auto-Mechanics

Diego Angel-Urdinola and Marjorie H Chinen

11145: Crowding Out and Banking Crises

Pablo Daniel Hernando Kaminsky

11144: Effects of COVID-19 on Student Learning: Assessing Learning Losses Using Adaptive Technology

Juan Baron, José Mola, Astrid Camille Pineda and Paola Patricia Polanco Santos

11143: Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes

Christian Posso Suarez, Jorge Tamayo, Arlen Yahir Guarin Galeano and Estefania Saravia

11142: Barriers to Entry: Decomposing the Gender Gap in Job Search in Urban Pakistan

Elisabetta Gentile, Nikita Kohli, Nivedhitha Subramanian, Zunia Tirmazee and Kate Vyborny

11141: Where and How is Money Spent on International Migration and Refugees by World Bank Operational Projects ?

David McKenzie, Charlotte Müller and Pablo Ariel Acosta

11140: Do Formal Loans Boost SME Performance ? Key Takeaways from a Meta-Analysis

Miriam Bruhn, Johan Andrey Ortega Hernandez and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

11139: Territorial Inequalities: A Note on State Discontinuity

Lidia Ceriani, Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva and Samuel David Restrepo Oyola

11138: The Earlier the Better? Cash Transfers for Drought Response in Niger

Ashley Charlotte Pople, Patrick Premand, Stefan Dercon, Margaux Vinez and Stephanie Brunelin

11137: Global Poverty Revisited Using 2021 PPPs and New Data on Consumption

Elizabeth Mary Foster, Dean Mitchell Jolliffe, Gabriel Lara Ibarra, Christoph Lakner and Samuel Kofi Tetteh Baah

11136: Industrial Policy under Constraints: Evidence from Pakistan’s Export Subsidy Schemes

Stefania Lovo and Gonzalo Varela

11135: From Patriarchy to Policy: Norms, Votes, and Gender Equal Laws

Maurizio Bussolo, Jonah Matthew Rexer and Lynn Hu

11134: Yield Gains from Balancing Fertilizer Use: Evidence from Eastern India

Julian Arteaga and Klaus W. Deininger

11133: The Macroeconomic Implications of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options: A Modeling Approach

Kodzovi Abalo, Brent Boehlert, Thanh Bui, Andrew Burns, Diego Castillo, Unnada Chewpreecha, Alexander Haider, Stephane Hallegatte, Charl Jooste, Florent McIsaac, Heather Jane Ruberl, Kim Smet and Ken Strzepek

11132: Forecast Sensitivity to Global Risks: A BVAR Analysis

Heather Jane Ruberl, Remzi Baris Tercioglu and Adam Elderfield

11131: Rethinking Fiscal Policies: Tackling Inequality and Poverty in the Middle East and Noth Africa Region

Alan Fuchs, Beenish Amjad and Mario Julian Loayza Grisi

11130: Tradeoffs over Rate Cycles: Activity, Inflation and the Price Level

Kristin Forbes, Jongrim Ha and Ayhan Kose

11129: Global Socio-economic Resilience to Natural Disasters

Robin Middelanis, Bramka Arga Jafino, Ruth Hill, Minh Cong Nguyen and Stephane Hallegatte

11128: Assessing Workplace Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Skills in Africa: The ESTEEM Framework

Vic Marsh, Clara Delavallade, Smita Das, Léa Rouanet, Tricia Koroknay-Palicz and Dawn McDaniel