Policy Research Working Paper Series

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4249: What is the impact of international remittances on poverty and inequality in Latin America ?

Pablo Acosta, Cesar Calderon, Pablo Fajnzylber and Humberto Lopez

4248: Monetary policy, structural break, and the monetary transmission mechanism in Thailand

Heiko Hesse

4247: The impact of remittances on poverty and human capital: evidence from Latin American household surveys

Pablo Acosta, Pablo Fajnzylber and J. Humberto Lopez

4246: Choosing the currency structure for sovereign debt: a review of current approaches

Martin Melecký

4245: A poverty-focused evaluation of commodity tax options

B. Essama-Nssah

4244: The size and effectiveness of automatic fiscal stabilizers in Latin America

Rodrigo Suescun

4243: Population size, concentration, and civil war: a geographically disaggregated analysis

Havard Hegre and Clionadh Raleigh

4242: Democratic Jihad ? Military intervention and democracy

Nils Petter Gleditsch, Lene Siljeholm Christiansen and Havard Hegre

4241: India rising - faster growth, lower indebtedness

Gaobo Pang, Brian Pinto and Marina Wes

4240: Giving children a better start: preschool attendance and school-age profiles

Samuel Berlinski, Sebastian Galiani and Marco Manacorda

4239: Credit information quality and corporate debt maturity: theory and evidence

Marco Sorge and Chendi Zhang

4238: On the effect of prior assumptions in Bayesian model averaging with applications to growth regression

Eduardo Ley and Mark Steel

4237: Export structure and growth: a detailed analysis for Argentina

Alejandro Guerson, James Parks and Monica Parra Torrado

4236: The Mexican pension annuity market

Gregorio Impavido

4235: A framework for thinking about enterprise formalization policies in developing countries

Thomas Kenyon

4234: Immigrant overeducation: evidence from Denmark

Chantal Pohl Nielsen

4233: Indian manufacturing: a slow sector in a rapidly growing economy

Devashish Mitra and Beyza Ural Marchand

4232: Do workers in Chile choose informal employment? A dynamic analysis of sector choice

Truman G. Packard

4231: Work-related migration and poverty reduction in Nepal

Michael Lokshin, Mikhail Bontch-Osmolovski and Elena Glinskaya

4230: Returns to capital in microenterprises: evidence from a field experiment

Suresh de Mel, David McKenzie and Christopher Woodruff

4229: Measuring microenterprise profits: don't ask how the sausage is made

Suresh de Mel, David McKenzie and Christopher Woodruff

4228: Poverty, social divisions, and conflict in Nepal

Quy-Toan Do and Lakshmi Iyer

4227: Indigenous peoples in Latin America: economic opportunities and social networks

Harry Patrinos, Emmanuel Skoufias and Trine Lunde

4226: Does money matter ? The effects of cash transfers on child health and development in rural Ecuador

Christina Paxson and Norbert Schady

4225: Returns to education in the economic transition: a systematic assessment using comparable data

Luca Flabbi, Stefano Paternostro and Erwin R. Tiongson

4224: Accounting for Mexican income inequality during the 1990s

Rafael De Hoyos

4223: China and the knowledge economy: challenges and opportunities

Douglas Zhihua Zeng and Shuilin Wang

4222: Skills shortages and training in Russian enterprises

Hong Tan, Yevgeniya Savchenko, Vladimir Gimpelson, Rostislav Kapelyushnikov and Anna Lukyanova

4221: Disarming fears of diversity: ethnic heterogeneity and state militarization, 1988-2002

Indra de Soysa and Eric Neumayer

4220: Evaluating the trade effect of developing regional trade agreements: a semi-parametric approach

Souleymane Coulibaly

4219: Government expenditures on education, health, and infrastructure: a naive look at levels, outcomes, and efficiency

Antonio Estache, Marianela Gonzalez and Lourdes Trujillo

4218: Rural land certification in Ethiopia: process, initial impact, and implications for other African countries

Klaus Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali, Stein Holden and Jaap Zevenbergen

4217: Measuring welfare gains from better quality infrastructure

Irina Klytchnikova and Michael Lokshin

4216: Underlying dimensions of knowledge assessment: factor analysis of the knowledge assessment methodology data

Derek H. C. Chen and Kishore Gawande

4215: Does uncertainty matter ? A stochastic dynamic analysis of bankable emission permit trading for global climate change policy

Fan Zhang

4214: Housing, health, and happiness

Matias Cattaneo, Sebastian Galiano, Paul J. Gertler, Sebastian Martinez and Rocio Titiunik

4213: Remittances and the real exchange rate

Humberto Lopez, Luis Molina Sánchez and Maurizio Bussolo

4212: Local conflict and development projects in Indonesia: part of the problem or part of a solution ?

Patrick Barron, Rachael Diprose and Michael Woolcock

4211: Absolute poverty measures for the developing world, 1981-2004

Shaohua Chen and Martin Ravallion

4210: Capital flight and war

Victor Davies

4209: Energy and emissions: local and global effects of the rise of China and India

Zmarak Shalizi

4208: Civil war, crop failure, and child stunting in Rwanda

Richard Akresh, Philip Verwimp and Tom Bundervoet

4207: Short-term and long-term effects of United Nations peace operations

Nicholas Sambanis

4206: Does"good government"draw foreign capital ? Explaining China's exceptional foreign direct investment inflow

Joseph P. H. Fan, Randall Morck, Lixin Xu and Bernard Yeung

4205: Local elections and consumption insurance: evidence from Chinese villages

Li Gan, Lixin Xu and Yang Yao

4204: Formal finance and trade credit during China's transition

Robert Cull, Lixin Xu and Tian Zhu

4203: Latin Americans of Japanese origin (Nikkeijin) working in Japan: a survey

Junichi Goto

4202: Weaponomics: the global market for assault rifles

Phillip Killicoat

4201: Infrastructure and trade preferences for the livestock sector: empirical evidence from the beef industry in Africa

Atsushi Iimi

4200: Price structure and network externalities in the telecommunications industry: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Atsushi Iimi

4199: New evidence on the urbanization of global poverty

Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen and Prem Sangraula

4198: The pricing dynamics of utilities with underdeveloped networks

Omar Chisari and Ioannis Kessides

4197: Current and forthcoming issues in the South African electricity sector

Ioannis Kessides, Zeljko Bogetic and Luiz Maurer

4196: Political leadership, conflict, and the prospects for constitutional peace

Colin Jennings

4195: Using the global positioning system in household surveys for better economics and better policy

John Gibson and David McKenzie

4194: Oil and the propensity to armed struggle in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

Aderoju Oyefusi

4193: Horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries, 1986-2003

Gudrun Ostby

4192: Ethnic polarization and the duration of civil wars

Jose G. Montalvo and Marta Reynal-Querol

4191: Post-conflict justice and sustainable peace

Scott Gates, Helga Malmin Binningsbo and Tove Grete Lie

4190: The aftermath of civil war

Siyan Chen, Norman Loayza and Marta Reynal-Querol

4189: Youth well-being in Brazil: an index for cross-regional comparisons

Debora Dell'Aglio, Wendy Cunningham, Silvia Koller, Vicente Cassepp Borges and Joana Severo Leon

4188: Substitutability and protectionism: Latin America's trade policy and imports from China and India

Giovanni Facchini, Marcelo Olarreaga, Peri Silva and Gerald Willmann

4187: Post-conflict aid, real exchange rate adjustment, and catch-up growth

Ibrahim A. Elbadawi, Linda Kaltani and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

4186: A kleptocrat's survival guide: autocratic longevity in the face of civil conflict

Gary Milante

4185: Insurgency and credible commitment in autocracies and democracies

Philip Keefer

4184: Stock market development under globalization: whither the gains from reforms ?

Augusto de la Torre, Juan Carlos Gozzi and Sergio Schmukler

4183: Youth unemployment, labor market transitions, and scarring: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2001-04

Jean Fares and Erwin R. Tiongson

4182: The welfare effects of a large depreciation: the case of Egypt, 2000-05

Aart Kraay

4181: Financial services and trade agreements in Latin America and the Caribbean: an overview

Marilyne Pereira Goncalves and Constantinos Stephanou

4180: The role of services in rural income: the case of Vietnam

M. Ataman Aksoy and Aylin Isik-Dikmelik

4179: Identifying supply-side constraints to export performance in Ecuador: an exercise with Investment Climate Survey data

Paulo Correa, Mariam Dayoub and Manuela Francisco

4178: School drop-out and push-out factors in Brazil: the role of early parenthood, child labor, and poverty

Ana Rute Cardoso and Dorte Verner

4177: Enterprises, workers, and skills in Urban Timor-Leste

Maitreyi Das and Philip O'Keefe

4176: Controls on capital inflows and external shocks

Antonio David

4175: Are price-based capital account regulations effective in developing countries ?

Antonio David

4174: Asian century or multi-polar century ?

David Dollar

4173: Pathways out of poverty during an economic crisis: an empirical assessment of rural Indonesia

Neil McCulloch, Julian Weisbrod and Charles Timmer

4172: Dollarization and exchange rate fluctuations

Patrick Honohan

4171: Specification of investment functions in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nihal Bayraktar and Hippolyte Fofack

4170: The"how to"of fiscal sustainability: a technical manual for using the fiscal sustainability tool

Luca Bandiera, Nina Budina, Michel Klijn and Sweder van Wijnbergen

4169: Quantitative approaches to fiscal sustainability analysis: a new World Bank tool applied to Turkey

Nina Budina and Sweder van Wijnbergen

4168: Mobility and earnings in Ethiopia's urban labor markets, 1994-2004

Arne Bigsten, Taye Mengistae and Abebe Abebe

4167: More time is better: an evaluation of the fulltime school program in Uruguay

Pedro Cerdan-Infantes and Christel Vermeersch

4166: Estimating real production and expenditures across nations: a proposal for improving the Penn World Tables

Robert Feenstra, Alan Heston, Marcel Timmer and Haiyan Deng

4165: Quantifying international migration: a database of bilateral migrant stocks

Christopher Parsons, Ronald Skeldon, Terrie Walmsley and L. Winters

4164: An analysis of livestock choice: adapting to climate change in Latin American farms

S. Niggol Seo and Robert Mendelsohn

4163: A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on Latin American farms

S. Niggol Seo and Robert Mendelsohn

4162: An analysisof crop choice: adapting to climate change in Latin American farms

S. Niggol Seo and Robert Mendelsohn

4161: Changing farm types and irrigation as an adaptation to climate change in Latin American agriculture

Robert Mendelsohn and S. Niggol Seo

4160: Trade integration in East Asia: the Role of China and production networks

Mona Haddad

4159: The use of derivatives to hedge embedded options: the case of pension institutions in Denmark

Jeppe Ladekarl, Regitze Ladekarl, Erik Brink Andersen and Dimitri Vittas

4158: Walking up the down escalator: public investment and fiscal stability

William Easterly, Timothy Irwin and Luis Servén

4157: Firm innovation in emerging markets: the roles of governance and finance

Meghana Ayyagari, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

4156: Capital market development: whither Latin America ?

Augusto de la Torre, Juan Carlos Gozzi and Sergio Schmukler

4155: How good a map ? Putting small area estimation to the test

Gabriel Demombynes, Chris Elbers, Jean Lanjouw and Peter Lanjouw

4154: Beyond legal origin and checks and balances: political credibility, citizen information, and financial sector development

Philip Keefer

4153: The impact of trade with China and India on Argentina's manufacturing employment

Lucio Castro, Marcelo Olarreaga and Daniel Saslavsky

4152: Institutions, infrastructure, and trade

Joseph Francois and Miriam Manchin

4151: Market structure and market access

Joseph Francois and Ian Wooton

4150: Extending health insurance to the rural population: an impact evaluation of China's new cooperative medical scheme

Adam Wagstaff, Magnus Lindelow, Gao Jun, Xu Ling and Qian Juncheng