Policy Research Working Paper Series

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6181: Sovereign bailouts and senior loans

Christophe Chamley and Brian Pinto

6180: Equity in tertiary education in Central America: an overview

Sajitha Bashir and Javier Luque

6179: Why follow the leader ? collective action, credible commitment and conflict

Philip Keefer

6178: Protection in good and bad times ? the Turkish green card health program

Meltem Aran and Jesko S. Hentschel

6177: Are international food price spikes the source of Egypt's high inflation ?

Al-Shawarby, Sherine and Hoda Selim

6176: The doing business indicators, economic growth and regulatory reform

Marek Hanusch

6175: Benchmarking financial systems around the world

Martin Cihak, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Erik Feyen and Ross Levine

6174: Making public sector reforms work: political and economic contexts, incentives, and strategies

Simone Bunse and Verena Fritz

6173: Shelter from the storm -- but disconnected from jobs: lessons from urban South Africa on the importance of coordinating housing and transport policies

Somik Lall, Rogier van den Brink, Basab Dasgupta and Kay Muir Leresche

6172: Distance to market and search costs in an African maize market

Shireen Mahdi

6171: Quality contingent contracts: evidence from Tanzania's coffee market

Shireen Mahdi

6170: Heterogeneous returns to education in the labor market

Tazeen Fasih, Geeta Kingdon, Harry Patrinos, Christos Sakellariou and Mans Soderbom

6169: The benefits of India's rural roads program in the spheres of goods, education and health: joint estimation and decomposition

Clive Bell

6168: Estimating the social profitability of India's rural roads program: a bumpy ride

Clive Bell

6167: How does India's rural roads program affect the grassroots ? findings from a survey in Orissa

Clive Bell and Susanne van Dillen

6166: Internal migration in Egypt: levels, determinants, wages, and likelihood of employment

Santiago Herrera and Karim Badr

6165: Learning from China's rise to escape the middle-income trap: a new structural economics approach to Latin America

Justin Lin and Volker Treichel

6164: Job creation through infrastructure investment in the Middle East and North Africa

Elena Ianchovichina, Antonio Estache, Renaud Foucart, Grégoire Garsous and Tito Yepes

6163: How bank competition affects firms'access to finance

Inessa Love and Maria Soledad Martinez Peria

6162: Emerging economies and the emergence of south-south protectionism

Chad Bown

6161: Impact of WTO accession and the customs union on the bound and applied tariff rates of the Russian federation

Oleksandr Shepotylo and David Tarr

6160: Understanding the business environment in South Asia: evidence from firm-level surveys

Wendy Carlin and Mark Schaffer

6159: Equality of opportunity for children in Egypt, 2000-2009: achievements and challenges

Carlos Velez, Al-Shawarby, Sherine and El-Laithy, Heba

6158: Can donors and non-state actors undermine citizens'legitimating beliefs ?

Audrey Sacks

6157: Who you train matters: identifying complementary effects of financial education on migrant households

Yoko Doi, David McKenzie and Bilal Zia

6156: Jobless growth ? Okun's law in East Asia

Marek Hanusch

6155: Unlocking Bangladesh-India trade: emerging potential and the way forward

Prabir De, Selim Raihan and Sanjay Kathuria

6154: How inertia and limited potentials affect the timing of sectoral abatements in optimal climate policy

Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Guy Meunier and Stephane Hallegatte

6153: Accounting for gender production from a growth accounting framework in Sub-Saharan Africa

Hippolyte Fofack

6152: Working with the grain for reforming the public service: a live example from Sierra Leone

Vivek Srivastava and Marco Larizza

6151: Are natural resources cursed ? an investigation of the dynamic effects of resource dependence on institutional quality

Donato De Rosa and Mariana Iootty

6150: Poverty and distributional impact of gas price hike in Armenia

Lire Ersado

6149: Women's access to labor market opportunities, control of household resources, and domestic violence

Rachel Heath

6148: Reforming subsidies: a tool-kit for policy simulations

Abdelkrim Araar and Paolo Verme

6147: Does the minimum wage affect employment ? evidence from the manufacturing sector in Indonesia

Ximena Del Carpio, Ha Nguyen and Liang Wang

6146: Incentivizing calculated risk-taking:evidence from an experiment with commercial bank loan officers

Shawn Cole, Martin Kanz and Leora Klapper

6145: Business training and female enterprise start-up, growth, and dynamics: experimental evidence from Sri Lanka

Suresh de Mel, David McKenzie and Christopher Woodruff

6144: Did Latvia's public works program mitigate the impact of the 2008-2010 crisis ?

Mehtabul Azam, Celine Ferre and Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad

6143: Promoting intellectual property monetization in developing countries: a review of issues and strategies to support knowledge-driven growth

Roya Ghafele and Benjamin Gibert

6142: Measuring intangible assets in an emerging market economy: an application to Brazil

Mark A. Dutz, Sérgio Kannebley Jr., Maira Scarpelli and Siddharth Sharma

6141: Soft skills or hard cash ? the impact of training and wage subsidy programs on female youth employment in Jordan

Matthew Groh, Nandini Krishnan, David McKenzie and Tara Vishwanath

6140: Performance of skilled migrants in the U.S.: a dynamic approach

Aaditya Mattoo, Ileana Neagu Constantinescu and Caglar Ozden

6139: Can participation be induced ? some evidence from developing countries

Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao

6138: How close is your government to its people ? worldwide indicators on localization and decentralization

Maksym Ivanyna and Anwar Shah

6137: The impacts of public hospital autonomization: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment

Adam Wagstaff and Sarah Bales

6136: Matching reforms to institutional realities: a framework for assessing social service delivery reform strategies in developing countries

Ariel Fiszbein and Yasuhiko Matsuda

6135: Economic implications of reducing carbon emissions from energy use and industrial processes in Brazil

Y.-H. Henry Chen and Govinda Timilsina

6134: Rainfall variability, occupational choice, and welfare in rural Bangladesh

Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay and Emmanuel Skoufias

6133: Direct democracy and resource allocation: experimental evidence from Afghanistan

Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia and Ruben Enikolopov

6132: Agriculture and trade opportunities for Tanzania: past volatility and future climate change

Syud Ahmed, Noah S. Diffenbaugh, Thomas Hertel and Will Martin

6131: Green prices

Ngoc Bich Tran and Eduardo Ley

6130: Political ideology, quality at entry and the success of economic reform programs

Lodewijk Smets, Stephen Knack and Nadia Molenaers

6129: Winning hearts and minds through development ? evidence from a field experiment in Afghanistan

Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia, Ruben Enikolopov, Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia and Ruben Enikolopov

6128: Promoting the rural farm and nonfarm businesses: evidence from the Yemen rural investment climate

Naotaka Sawada and Jian Zhang

6127: The crisis in the Euro zone: did the euro contribute to the evolution of the crisis ?

Justin Lin and Volker Treichel

6126: A global perspective on effectiveness of aid for trade

Maria Berrittella and Jian Zhang

6125: Shifting comparative advantages in Tajikistan: implications for growth strategy

Souleymane Coulibaly

6124: Potential gains and losses of Biofuel production in Argentina: a computable general equilibrium analysis

Omar Chisari, Carlos Romero and Govinda Timilsina

6123: Power market structure and performance

Maria Vagliasindi

6122: Implementing energy subsidy reforms: an overview of the key issues

Maria Vagliasindi

6121: The role of regulatory governance in driving PPPs in electricity transmission and distribution in developing countries: a cross-country analysis

Maria Vagliasindi

6120: The role of policy driven incentives to attract PPPs in renewable-based energy in developing countries: a cross-country analysis

Maria Vagliasindi

6119: The health effects of universal health care: evidence from Thailand

Adam Wagstaff and Wanwiphang Manachotphong

6118: Key drivers of PPPs in electricity generation in developing countries: cross-country evidence of switching between PPP investment in fossil fuel and renewable-based generation

Maria Vagliasindi

6117: Economic analysis of projects in a greenhouse world

Kirk Hamilton and Jana Stover

6116: Universal health care and informal labor markets: the case of Thailand

Adam Wagstaff and Wanwiphang Manachotphong

6115: Economic implications of moving toward global convergence on emission intensities

Govinda Timilsina

6114: More relatively-poor people in a less absolutely-poor world

Shaohua Chen and Martin Ravallion

6113: Regionalizing infrastructure for deepening market integration: the case of East Africa

Ioannis Kessides and Nancy C. Benjamin

6112: The future of the Nuclear industry reconsidered: risks, uncertainties, and continued potential

Ioannis Kessides

6111: Finance, comparative advantage, and resource allocation

Melise Jaud, Madina Kukenova and Martin Strieborny

6110: Bank ownership and credit over the business cycle: is lending by state banks less procyclical?

Ata Bertay, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Harry Huizinga

6109: Policy barriers to international trade in services: evidence from a new database

Ingo Borchert, Batshur Gootiiz and Aaditya Mattoo

6108: Guide to the services trade restrictions database

Ingo Borchert, Batshur Gootiiz and Aaditya Mattoo

6107: Financial literacy around the world: an overview of the evidence with practical suggestions for the way forward

Lisa Xu and Bilal Zia

6106: CGE modeling of market access in services

Elisabeth Christen, Joseph Francois and Bernard Hoekman

6105: Financial globalization in emerging countries: diversification vs. offshoring

Francisco Ceballos, Tatiana Didier and Sergio Schmukler

6104: Creating jobs in South Asia's conflict zones

Lakshmi Iyer and Indhira Santos

6103: The risks of innovation: are innovating firms less likely to die ?

Ana Fernandes and Caroline Paunov

6102: Greening China's rural energy: new insights on the potential of smallholder biogas

Luc Christiaensen and Rasmus Heltberg

6101: Overdraft facility policy and firm performance: an empirical analysis in eastern European Union industrial firms

Leopoldo Laborda Castillo and Jose Luis Guasch

6100: Using performance incentives to improve health outcomes

Paul Gertler and Christel Vermeersch

6099: Government spending multipliers in developing countries: evidence from lending by official creditors

Aart Kraay

6098: Determinants of market integration and price transmission in Indonesia

Gonzalo Varela, Aldaz-Carroll, Enrique and Leonardo Iacovone

6097: Collecting high frequency panel data in Africa using mobile phone interviews

Kevin Croke, Andrew Dabalen, Gabriel Demombynes, Marcelo Giugale and Johannes Hoogeveen

6096: Causes and implications of credit rationing in rural Ethiopia: the importance of spatial variation

Daniel Ayalew Ali and Klaus Deininger

6095: Who benefits most from rural electrification ? evidence in India

Shahidur Khandker, Hussain Samad, Rubaba Ali and Douglas F. Barnes

6094: Why don't banks lend to Egypt's private sector ?

Santiago Herrera, Christophe Hurlin and Chahir Zaki

6093: Revising commitments: field evidence on the adjustment of prior choices

Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg, Dan Silverman and Dean Yang

6092: Fiscal policy in Colombia: tapping its potential for a more equitable society

Lars Moller

6091: Turkish treasury simulation model for debt strategy analysis

Emre Balibek and Hamdi Alper Memis

6090: Who is deprived ? who feels deprived ? labor deprivation, youth and gender in Morocco

Umar Serajuddin and Paolo Verme

6089: Investing mineral wealth in development assets: Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone

Daniel Boakye, Sebastien Dessus, Yusuf Foday and Felix Oppong

6088: Financial inclusion in Africa: an overview

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Leora Klapper

6087: A multiple correspondence analysis approach to the measurement of multidimensional poverty in Morocco, 2001-2007

Abdeljaouad Ezzrar and Paolo Verme

6086: Bank deleveraging: causes, channels, and consequences for emerging market and developing countries

Erik Feyen, Katie Kibuuka and Inci Ötker-Robe

6085: Does Africa need a rotten Kin Theorem ? experimental evidence from village economies

Pamela Jakiela and Owen Ozier

6084: Decomposing the increase in TIMSS Scores in Ghana: 2003-2007

Christos Sakellariou

6083: Demand side instruments to reduce road transportation externalities in the greater Cairo metropolitan area

Ian Parry and Govinda Timilsina

6082: Does it pay to be a Cadre ? estimating the returns to being a local official in rural China

Jian Zhang, John Giles and Scott Rozelle