Policy Research Working Paper Series

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8495: The role of major emerging markets in global commodity demand

John Baffes, Alain Kabundi, Peter Stephen Oliver Nagle and Franziska Ohnsorge

8494: The devil is in the details: growth, polarization, and poverty reduction in Africa in the past two decades

Fabio Clementi, M. Fabiani and Vasco Molini

8493: Where is the carbon tax after thirty years of research ?

Govinda R. Timilsina

8492: The effect of immigration on natives'school achievement: does length of stay in the host country matter?

Laurent Bossavie

8491: Deep trade agreements and global value chains

Edith Laget, Alberto Osnago, Nadia Rocha and Michele Ruta

8490: Piloting the use of network analysis and decision-making under uncertainty in transport operations: preparation and appraisal of a rural roads project in Mozambique under changing flood risk and other deep uncertainties

Xavier Espinet Alegre, Julie Rozenberg, Kulwinder Singh Rao and Satoshi Ogita

8489: Improving mental well-being and productivity of small-medium entrepreneurs in fragile, conflict and violence affected areas: can cognitive behavioral therapy trainings help ?

Priyam Saraf, Tasmia Rahman, Miguel Angel Jimenez Gallardo, Julian C Jamison and Charles Lor

8488: Optimal locational choice for agrobusinesses in Madagascar: an application of spatial autoregressive Tobit regression

Atsushi Iimi

8487: Transport connectivity, Medical supplies, and people's health care access: evidence from Madagascar

Atsushi Iimi and Voahirana Hanitriniala Rajoela

8486: Crop production, transport infrastructure, and agrobusiness nexus: evidence from Madagascar

Atsushi Iimi, Liangzhi You and Wood-Sichra,Ulrike

8485: Integrating services in the economic fitness approach

Andrea Zaccaria, Saurabh Mishra, Masud Z. Cader and Luciano Pietronero

8484: Measuring and explaining patterns of Spatial Income Inequality from Outer Space: Evidence from Africa

Anthony Francis Mveyange

8483: Sowing the seeds for rural finance: the impact of support services for credit unions in Mexico

Miriam Bruhn, Rekha Reddy and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

8482: The informal city

Harris Selod and Lara Tobin

8481: Sustainable development goals diagnostics: an application of network theory and complexity measures to set country priorities

El-Maghrabi,M. H., Susanna Elisabeth Gable, Osorio-Rodarte,Israel and Jos Verbeek

8480: The long-run and gender-equalizing impacts of school access: evidence from the first Indochina war

Hai-Anh Dang, Trung Xuan Hoang and Ha Minh Nguyen

8479: Efficient financial allocation and productivity growth in Brazil

Pietro Calice, Eduardo Ribeiro and Steen Byskov

8478: Benchmarking costs of financial intermediation around the world

Pietro Calice and Nan Zhou

8477: Are driving forces of CO2 emissions different across countries?: insights from identity and econometric analyses

Kangyin Dong, Gal Hochman and Govinda R. Timilsina

8476: Incentivizing school attendance in the presence of parent-child information frictions

Damien de Walque and Christine Valente

8475: Services liberalization and GVC participation: new evidence for heterogeneous effects by income level and provisions

Woori Lee

8474: Automation and labor market outcomes: the pivotal role of high-quality education

Raja Bentaouet Kattan, Kevin Macdonald and Harry Patrinos

8473: Motivating bureaucrats through social recognition: evidence from simultaneous field experiments

Varun Gauri, Julian C Jamison, Nina Mazar, Owen Ozier, Shomikho Raha and Karima Saleh

8472: Small area estimation of poverty under structural change

Simon Lange, Utz Pape and Peter Putz

8471: Crony capitalism in Ukraine: relationship between political connectedness and firms'performance

Oleksii Balabushko, Oleksandra Betliy, Veronika Movchan, Ruslan Piontkivsky and Mykola Ryzhenkov

8470: Anatomy and impact of export promotion agencies

Marcio Cruz, Daniel Lederman and Laura De Castro Zoratto

8469: The road to recovery: the role of poverty in the exposure, vulnerability and resilience to floods in Accra

Alvina Elisabeth Erman, Elliot Gaston Motte, Radhika Goyal, Akosua Boahemaa Asare, Shinya Takamatsu, Xiaomeng Chen, Silvia Malgioglio, Alexander Skinner, Nobuo Yoshida and Stephane Hallegatte

8468: How much has Nepal lost in the last decade due to load shedding? an economic assessment using a CGE model

Govinda R. Timilsina, Prakash Sapkota and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

8467: Inequality and economic growth: the role of initial income

Markus Brueckner and Daniel Lederman

8466: Rural roads and local economic development

Samuel Edward Asher and Paul Novosad

8465: Anatomy of credit-less recoveries

Luis Corrado and Isolina Rossi

8464: Gendered language

Pamela Jakiela and Owen Ozier

8463: Sustainable development goal diagnostics: the case of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Amin-Salem,H., El-Maghrabi,M.H., Osorio-Rodarte,Israel and Jos Verbeek

8462: Understanding forests'contribution to poverty alleviation: a framework for interventions in forested areas

Priya Shyamsundar, Sofia Elisabet Ahlroth, Patricia M. Kristjanson and Stefanie Onder

8461: Taking stock of economic regulation of power utilities in the developing world: a literature review

Martin Augusto Rodriguez Pardina and Julieta Schiro

8460: Taking stock of the impact of power utility reform in developing countries: a literature review

Robert W. Bacon

8459: Predicting individual wellbeing through test scores: evidence from a national assessment in Mexico

Rafael De Hoyos, Ricardo Estrada and Maria Jose Vargas

8458: Quantifying the impacts of capturing territory from the government in the Republic of Yemen

Sharad Tandon

8457: The burden of water shortages on informal firms

Asif Islam

8456: The globalization of farmland: theory and empirical evidence

Rabah Arezki, Christian Bogmans and Harris Selod

8455: Social protection in Niger: what have shocks and time got to say ?

Francis Annan and Aly Sanoh

8454: What teachers believe: mental models about accountability, absenteeism, and student learning

Shwetlena Sabarwal and Abu-Jawdeh,Malek

8453: Conflict and the nature of precautionary wealth

Leila Aghabarari, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfick Rostom and Rishabh Sinha

8452: Technology, taxation, and corruption: evidence from the introduction of electronic tax filing

Oyebola Motunrayo Okunogbe and Victor Pouliquen

8451: Shared prosperity: concepts, data, and some policy examples

Francisco Ferreira, Emanuela Galasso and Mario Negre

8450: Services development and comparative advantage in manufacturing

Xuepeng Liu, Aaditya Mattoo, Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei

8449: Social accountability and service delivery: experimental evidence from Uganda

Nathan Fiala and Patrick Premand

8448: Using courts to realize education rights: reflections from India and Indonesia

Andrew Rosser and Anuradha Joshi

8446: How preferential is preferential trade ?

Alvaro Raul Espitia Rueda, Aaditya Mattoo, Mondher Mimouni, Xavier Pichot and Nadia Rocha

8445: The labor productivity gap between female and male-managed firms in the formal private sector

Asif Islam, Isis Gaddis, Palacios-Lopez,Amparo and Mohammad Amin

8444: Overview and meta-analysis of global water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) impact evaluations

Luis Andres, Borja-Vega,Christian, Crystal Fenwick, Jaime De Jesus Filho and Ronald Eduardo Gomez Suarez

8443: Investment under risks and uncertainty in Afghanistan

Subika Farazi, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfick Rostom and Rishabh Sinha

8442: Food insecurity and rising food prices: what do we learn from experiential measures ?

Dean Jolliffe, Ilana Julie Seff and Alejandro De La Fuente

8441: Welfare dynamics in Colombia: results from synthetic panels

Carlos Balcazar, Hai-Anh Dang, Eduardo Malasquez, Sergio Daniel Olivieri and Julieth Pico

8440: Better than most: teacher beliefs about effort and ability in Uganda

Shwetlena Sabarwal, Kanishka Kacker and James Paul Habyarimana

8439: Clientelism in the public sector: why public service reforms fail and what to do about it

Tessa Bold, Ezequiel Molina and Abla Safir

8438: Multidimensional connectivity: benefits, risks, and policy implications for Europe and Central Asia

David Gould, Dror Yossef Kenett and Georgi Lyudmilov Panterov

8437: Using satellite imagery to revolutionize creation of tax maps and local revenue collection

Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus W. Deininger and Michael-000475260 Wild

8436: Inflation, liquidity and innovation

Michael Evers, Stefan Niemann and Marc Tobias Schiffbauer

8435: Community-driven development: myths and realities

Susan Wong and Scott E. Guggenheim

8434: The impact of positive agricultural income shocks on rural Chinese households

Jessica Ellen Leight

8433: Gender gap in earnings in Vietnam: why do Vietnamese women work in lower paid occupations?

Iffat Ara Chowdhury, Hillary C. Johnson, Aneesh Mannava and Elizaveta Perova

8432: Inequality of opportunity in South Caucasus

Alan Fuchs Tarlovsky, Sailesh Tiwari and Akhmad Rizal Shidiq

8431: International data flows and privacy: the conflict and its resolution

Aaditya Mattoo and Joshua Paul Meltzer

8430: Household expenditure and poverty measures in 60 minutes: a new approach with results from Mogadishu

Utz Pape and Johan A. Mistiaen

8429: Who benefits from dual training systems ? evidence from the Philippines

Takiko Igarashi and Pablo Ariel Acosta

8428: Political connections and firms: network dimensions

Maurizio Bussolo, Simon John Commander and Stavros Poupakis

8427: A randomized evaluation of a low-cost and highly scripted teaching method to improve basic early grade reading skills in Papua New Guinea

Kevin Macdonald and Binh Thanh Vu

8426: Do demographics matter for African child poverty ?

Yele Batana and John Cockburn

8425: Infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scorecard

Cesar Calderon, Catalina Cantu and Chuhan-Pole,Punam

8424: The use of financial incentives to prevent undesirable behaviors

Damien de Walque

8423: Trade linkages between the belt and road economies

Mauro Boffa

8422: One more time: what are institutions and how do they change?

Roumeen Islam

8421: School costs, short-run participation, and long-run outcomes: evidence from Kenya

David Evans and Irene Muthoni Ngatia

8420: Designing pension systems with coherent funded private pillars including issues for notional defined contribution schemes

William Joseph Price

8419: The 2014-16 oil price collapse in retrospect: sources and implications

Marc Stocker, John Baffes, Y. Modeste Some, Dana Lauren Vorisek and Collette Mari Wheeler

8418: Capital flow measures: structural or cyclical policy tools?

Poonam Gupta and Oliver Masetti

8417: Banking with agents: experimental evidence from Senegal

Sinja Buri, Robert Cull, Xavier Gine, Sven Harten and Soren Heitmann

8416: Impact of free trade agreement use on import prices

Kazunobu Hayakawa, Nuttawut Laksanapanyakul, Hiroshi Mukunoki and Shujiro Urata

8415: Jobs ! electricity shortages and unemployment in Africa

Justice Tei Mensah

8414: Estimating intergenerational mobility with incomplete data: coresidency and truncation bias in rank-based relative and absolute mobility measures

M. Shahe Emran and Forhad Shilpi

8413: Transport connectivity and health care access: evidence from Liberia

Atsushi Iimi and Kulwinder Singh Rao

8412: Efficiency, legitimacy and impacts of targeting methods: evidence from an experiment in Niger

Patrick Premand and Pascale Schnitzer

8411: Firm location, transport connectivity, and agglomeration economies: Evidence from Liberia

Atsushi Iimi and Kulwinder Singh Rao

8410: Place-based policies for development

Gilles Duranton and Anthony Venables

8409: The economics of the gender wage gap in Armenia

Lourdes Rodriguez Chamussy, Nistha Sinha and Andrea Atencio

8408: Electricity provision and tax mobilization in Africa

Moussa Blimpo, Justice Tei Mensah, Opalo,K. Ochieng? and Ruifan Shi

8407: Why are connection charges so high ? an analysis of the electricity sector in Sub-Saharan Africa

Moussa Blimpo, Shaun McRae and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

8406: Sharing the benefits of innovation-digitization: a summary of market processes and policy suggestions

Roumeen Islam

8405: Capital inflows, equity issuance activity, and corporate investment

Charles W. Calomiris, Mauricio Larrain and Sergio Schmukler

8404: The effects of cash transfers on adult labor market outcomes

Sarah Jane Baird, David McKenzie and Berk Özler

8403: To impute or not to impute ? a review of alternative poverty estimation methods in the context of unavailable consumption data

Hai-Anh Dang

8402: Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature

George Psacharopoulos and Harry Patrinos

8401: Closer, but no cigar: intergenerational mobility across caste groups in India

Rishabh Sinha

8400: Determinants and dynamics of business aspirations: evidence from small-scale entrepreneurs in an emerging market

Patricio Dalton, Julius Rüschenpöhler and Bilal Zia

8399: Communism as the unhappy coming

Simeon Djankov and Elena Nikolova

8398: Interest rate caps: the theory and the practice

Aurora Ferrari, Oliver Masetti and Jiemin Ren

8397: Surviving firms of the Syrian Arab Republic: a rapid assessment

Kinley Clemens Salmon, Nabila Assaf and David C. Francis

8396: Understanding effective teaching practices in Chinese classrooms: evidence from a pilot study of primary and junior secondary schools in Guangdong, China

Andrew Moore Coflan, Andrew B. Ragatz, Amer Hasan and Yilin Pan

8395: Does workfare work well ? the case of the employment generation program for the poorest in Bangladesh

Yoonyoung Cho and Ummul Hasanath Ruthbah