Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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8794: Debt in Low-Income Countries: Evolution, Implications, and Remedies

Sebastian Michael Essl, Sinem Kilic Celik, Patrick Alexander Kirby and Andre Proite

8793: Import Uncertainty and Export Dynamics

Mariana Vijil, Laurent Wagner and Martha Tesfaye Woldemichael

8790: Estimation of the ex ante Distribution of Returns for a Portfolio of U.S. Treasury Securities via Deep Learning

Andrea Foresti

8789: Returns to Investment in Education: The Case of Turkey

Harry Patrinos, George Psacharopoulos and Aysıt Tansel

8788: Firm Dynamics, Job Outcomes, and Productivity: South African Formal Businesses, 2010-14

Reyes Aterido, Ayanda Hlatshwayo, Duncan Pieterse and Andre Steenkamp

8787: Swept by the Tide ? The International Comovement of Capital Flows

Luis Fernandez Lafuerza and Luis Servén

8786: Adding Space to the International Business Cycle

Girum Dagnachew Abate and Luis Servén

8785: Inflation Expectations: Review and Evidence

Ayhan Kose, Hideaki Matsuoka, Ugo Panizza and Dana Lauren Vorisek

8784: Why Do Fiscal Multipliers Depend on Fiscal Positions?

Raju Huidrom, Ayhan Kose, Jamus Lim and Franziska Ohnsorge

8783: Are Management Practices Failing or Aiding the Private Sector in South America?

Marie Caitriona Hyland, David C. Francis and Jorge Rodriguez Meza

8782: The Three-Gap Model of Health Worker Performance

Fabliha Ibnat, Kenneth Leonard, Luke Bawo and Rianna L. Mohammed-Roberts

8781: Firms'and States'Responses to Laxer Environmental Standards

Tito Cordella and Shantayanan Devarajan

8780: Inflation and Exchange Rate Pass-Through

Jongrim Ha, Marc Stocker and Hakan Yilmazkuday

8779: Employment in South Asia: A New Dataset

Robert Beyer, Milagros Alejandra Chocce Falla and Martin Rama

8778: Low Tax Jurisdictions and Preferential Regimes: Policy Gaps in Developing Economies

Jonathan Leigh Pemberton and Jan Loeprick

8777: Drivers of Gross Capital Inflows: Which Factors Are More Important for Sub-Saharan Africa?

Cesar Calderon, Punam Chuhan-Pole and Megumi Kubota

8776: Estimating Small Area Population Density Using Survey Data and Satellite Imagery: An Application to Sri Lanka

Ryan Engstrom, David Newhouse and Vidhya Soundararajan

8775: International Willingness to Pay for the Protection of the Amazon Rainforest

Juha Siikamäki, Alan Jeff Krupnick, Jon Strand and Jeffrey Vincent

8774: Pioneering Firms in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States: Why and How Development Finance Institutions Should Support Them

Paul Collier, Neil Gregory and Alexandros Ragoussis

8773: Mobilizing Resources for Education and Improving Spending Effectiveness: Establishing Realistic Benchmarks Based on Past Trends

Samer Al-Samarrai, Pedro Cerdan-Infantes and Jonathan David Lehe

8772: Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of Peru

Hugh Rudnick and Constantin Velasquez

8771: Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of Colombia

Hugh Rudnick and Constantin Velasquez

8770: Input Substitutability and Cross-Country Variation in Sectoral Linkages

Rishabh Sinha

8769: Morocco's Growth and Employment Prospects: Public Policies to Avoid the Middle-Income Trap

Emmanuel Pinto Moreira

8768: Global Inflation Synchronization

Jongrim Ha, Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge

8767: Active Trading and (Poor) Performance: The Social Transmission Channel

Laura Manuela Escobar Pradilla and Alvaro Pedraza

8766: The Nutrition Sensitivity of Food and Agriculture in South Asia

Felipe Fadullon Dizon, Anna Josephson and Dhushyanth Raju

8765: Fiscal Incidence in Ukraine: A Commitment to Equity Analysis

Kateryna Bornukova, Nataliia Leshchenko and Mikhail Matytsin

8764: Migration and Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa

Jan David Bakker, Christopher Robert Parsons and Ferdinand Rauch

8763: Business Regulations and Poverty

Simeon Djankov, Dorina Peteva Georgieva and Rita Ramalho

8762: Growing a Developing City: A Computable Spatial General Equilibrium Model Applied to Dhaka

Julia Bird and Anthony Venables

8761: Understanding Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies

Jongrim Ha, Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge

8760: The Economic Lives of Young Women in the Time of Ebola: Lessons from an Empowerment Program

Oriana Bandiera, Niklas Buehren, Markus Goldstein, Imran Rasul and Andrea Smurra

8759: How Household Characteristics Shape Program Access and Asset Accumulation: A Mixed Method Analysis of the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme in Rwanda

Justine Gatzinsi, Renate Hartwig, Lindsay Suzanne Mossman, Umutoni Marie Francoise, Isimbi Roberte and Laura B. Rawlings

8758: From Ghana to America: The Skill Content of Jobs and Economic Development

Salvatore Lo Bello, Maria Laura Sanchez Puerta and Hernan Winkler

8757: Pollution and Expenditures in a Penalized Vector Spatial Autoregressive Time Series Model with Data-Driven Networks

Bo Andree, Phoebe Girouard Spencer, Sardar Azari, Andres Chamorro, Dieter Wang and Harun Dogo

8756: Environment and Development: Penalized Non-Parametric Inference of Global Trends in Deforestation, Pollution and Carbon

Bo Andree, Phoebe Girouard Spencer, Andres Chamorro and Harun Dogo

8755: Integration and Price Transmission in Key Food Commodity Markets in India

Mauro Boffa and Gonzalo Varela

8754: Are Public Sector Workers in Developing Countries Overpaid ? Evidence from a New Global Data Set

Thomas (Tim) Gindling, Zahid Hasnain, David Newhouse and Rong Shi

8753: Are Trade Preferences a Panacea?: The African Growth and Opportunity Act and African Exports

Ana Fernandes, Alejandro Forero, Hibret Maemir and Aaditya Mattoo

8752: Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms

David Evans and Fei Yuan

8751: Household Savings in Central Eastern and Southeastern Europe: How Do Poorer Households Save?

Elisabeth Beckmann

8750: Are They Really Being Served?: Assessing Effective Infrastructure Access and Quality in 15 Kenyan Cities

Sumila Gulyani, Andrea C. Ryan Rizvi and Debabrata Talukdar

8749: Do Firms Exit the Formal Economy after a Minimum Wage Hike ?

Laurent Bossavie, Aysenur Acar and Mattia Makovec

8748: Scenarios: Leapfrog, Lock-in, and Lopsided

Michael Meir Leifman

8747: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal for Electricity Access -- Using a Multi-Scenario Approach to Understand the Cost Drivers of Power Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa

Claire Nicolas, Benjamin Samson and Julie Rozenberg

8746: Assessing Rural Accessibility and Rural Roads Investment Needs Using Open Source Data

Mehdi Mikou, Julie Rozenberg, Elco Eduard Koks, Charles James Edward Fox and Tatiana Peralta Quiros

8745: Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century

Robert John Nicholls, Jochen Hinkel, Daniel Lincke and Thomas van der Pol

8744: Investment Needs for Irrigation Infrastructure along Different Socioeconomic Pathways

Amanda Palazzo, Hugo Valin, Miroslav Batka and Petr Havlík

8743: Parental Beliefs, Investments, and Child Development: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment

Pedro Carneiro, Emanuela Galasso, Italo Lopez Garcia, Paula Bedregal and Miguel Cordero

8742: Measuring Human Capital

Noam Angrist, Simeon Djankov, Pinelopi Goldberg and Harry Patrinos

8741: Does Automation in Rich Countries Hurt Developing Ones?: Evidence from the U.S. and Mexico

Erhan Artuc, Luc Christiaensen and Hernan Winkler

8740: Pollution and City Competitiveness: A Descriptive Analysis

Nancy Lozano Gracia and Maria Edisa Soppelsa

8739: Does Pollution Hinder Urban Competitiveness ?

Matthew Kahn, Nancy Lozano Gracia and Maria Edisa Soppelsa

8738: Inflation: Concepts, Evolution, and Correlates

Jongrim Ha, Anna Ivanova, Franziska Ohnsorge and Filiz Unsal

8737: Improving Access and Quality in Early Childhood Development Programs: Experimental Evidence from The Gambia

Moussa Blimpo, Pedro Carneiro, Pamela Jervis and Todd Pugatch

8736: Does Culture Matter or Firm ? Demand for Female Labor in Three Indian Cities

Maitreyi B Das, Soumya Kapoor Mehta, Ieva Zumbyte, Sanjeev Sasmal and Sangeeta Goyal

8735: Estimation of Poverty in Somalia Using Innovative Methodologies

Utz Pape and Philip Randolph Wollburg

8734: What Is State Capacity ?

Stuti Khemani

8733: Enhancing Young Children's Language Acquisition through Parent-Child Book-Sharing: A Randomized Trial in Rural Kenya

Heather Ashley Knauer, Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Frances E Aboud and Lia C.H. Fernald

8732: Sex, Lies, and Surveys: The Role of Interviewer Characteristics

Tricia Koroknay-Palicz and Joao Montalvao

8731: The Textile-Clothing Value Chain in India and Bangladesh: How Appropriate Policies Can Promote (or Inhibit) Trade and Investment

Mahfuz Kabir, Surendar Singh and Michael Joseph Ferrantino

8730: Hitting the Trillion Mark -- A Look at How Much Countries Are Spending on Infrastructure

Marianne Fay, Hyoung Il Lee, Massimo Mastruzzi, Sungmin Han and Moonkyoung Cho

8729: Why Do So Many Water Points Fail in Tanzania ? An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors

George Joseph, Luis Andres, Gnanaraj Chellaraj, Jonathan Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Sophie Charlotte Emi Ayling and Yi Rong Hoo

8728: A Joint Foreign Currency Risk Management Approach for Sovereign Assets and Liabilities

Mehmet Cangoz, Olga Sulla, ChunLan Wang and Christopher Benjamin Dychala

8727: The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities: A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics

Paolo Verme and Kirsten Schuettler

8726: Pension Funds with Automatic Enrollment Schemes: Lessons for Emerging Economies

Heinz P. Rudolph

8725: Inequality of Access to Opportunities and Socioeconomic Mobility: Evidence from the Life in Transition Survey

Alexandru Cojocaru

8724: Poverty Impact of Food Price Shocks and Policies

David Laborde Debucquet, Csilla Lakatos and Will Martin

8723: Measuring Natural Risks in the Philippines: Socioeconomic Resilience and Wellbeing Losses

Brian James Walsh and Stephane Hallegatte

8722: Estimating Poverty in a Fragile Context -- The High Frequency Survey in South Sudan

Utz Pape and Luca Parisotto

8721: Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of the Philippines

Hugh Rudnick and Constantin Velasquez

8720: Policy Implications of Non-linear Effects of Tax Changes on Output

Samara Gunter, Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Alberto Vegh Gramont and Guillermo Vuletin

8719: Discriminatory Laws Against Women: A Survey of the Literature

Sanchari Roy

8718: Reducing Environmental Risks from Belt and Road Initiative Investments in Transportation Infrastructure

Elizabeth Claire Losos, Alexander Pfaff, Lydia Pauline Olander, Sara Mason and Seth Morgan

8717: Measuring Farm Labor: Survey Experimental Evidence from Ghana

Isis Gaddis, Gbemisola Oseni, Amparo Palacios-Lopez and Janneke Pieters

8716: Investing in Human Capital: What Can We Learn from the World Bank's Portfolio Data ?

Roberta V. Gatti and Aakash Mohpal

8715: Paid Maternity Leave and Female Employment: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries

Mohammad Amin and Asif Islam

8714: Enforcing Competition and Firm Productivity: Evidence from 1,800 Peruvian Municipalities

Marc Tobias Schiffbauer and James Sampi

8713: Interest Rate Pass-Through: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Jiri Gregora, Ales Melecky and Martin Melecký

8712: When the Cycle Becomes the Trend: The Emerging Market Experience with Fiscal Policy during the Last Commodity Super Cycle

Rashaad Amra, Marek Hanusch and Charl Jooste

8711: Can Regulation Promote Financial Inclusion ?

Rong - DECID Chen and Raian Divanbeigi

8710: Highway Politics in a Divided Government: Evidence from Mexico

Harris Selod and Souleymane Soumahoro

8709: A New Tail-Based Correlation Measure and Its Application in Global Equity Markets

Jinjing Liu

8708: Using Referenda to Improve Targeting and Decrease Costs of Conditional Cash Transfers

Jennifer M. Alix-Garcia, Katharine Sims and Daniel J. Phaneuf

8707: Can Environmental Cash Transfers Reduce Deforestation and Improve Social Outcomes ? A Regression Discontinuity Analysis of Mexico?s National Program (2011-2014)

Jennifer M. Alix-Garcia, Katharine Sims, Victor Hugo Orozco Olvera, Laura Elena Costica, Fernandez Medina.Jorge David, Sofia Romo-Monroy and Stefano Pagiola

8706: Assessing Innovation Patterns and Constraints in Developing East Asia: An Introductory Analysis

Mariana Iootty

8705: Subjective Well-Being and Peaceful Uprisings

Caroline T. Witte, Martijn Burger and Elena Ianchovichina

8704: Natural Resources and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Developing Countries: Testing A New Methodology

Kirk E. Hamilton, Esther G. Naikal and Glenn-Marie Lange

8703: Managing South Africa's Exposure to Eskom: How to Evaluate the Credit Risk from the Sovereign Guarantees?

Fritz Florian Bachmair, Cigdem Aslan and Mkhulu Maseko

8702: Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Growth in Latin American Cities: An Analysis Using Nighttime Lights Imagery

Juan Duque, Nancy Lozano Gracia, Jorge Patiño, Paula Restrepo Cadavid and Wilson A. Velasquez

8701: The Medium-Term Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Labor Market Outcomes: Experimental Evidence from University Graduates in Tunisia

Jumana Jamal Subhi Alaref, Stefanie Koettl-Brodmann and Patrick Premand

8700: Long-Term Evolution of Inequality of Opportunity

Maurizio Bussolo, Daniele Checchi and Vito Peragine

8699: Understanding Economic Growth in Ghana in Comparative Perspective

Michael Geiger, Jan Trenczek and Konstantin Wacker

8698: Impact of Drought on Poverty in Somalia

Utz Pape and Philip Randolph Wollburg

8697: Urban Form and Productivity: What Is the Shape of Latin American Cities ?

Juan Duque, Nancy Lozano Gracia, Jorge Patiño and Paula Restrepo Cadavid

8696: Institutional Fragmentation and Metropolitan Coordination in Latin American Cities: What Consequences for Productivity and Growth ?

Juan Duque, Nancy Lozano Gracia, Jorge Patiño and Paula Restrepo Cadavid

8695: Understanding the Economic Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies on Shipping: What Is the State of the Art of Current Modeling Approaches ?

Ronald Apriliyanto Halim, Tristan Smith and Dominik Paul Englert

8694: Trade Effects of the New Silk Road: A Gravity Analysis

Suprabha Baniya, Nadia Patrizia Rocha Gaffurri and Michele Ruta

8693: Measuring the Statistical Capacity of Nations

Grant James Cameron, Hai-Anh Dang, Mustafa Dinc, James Foster and Michael Lokshin