Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20433.
Contact information at EDIRC.
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7862: The world is not yet flat: transport costs matter !

Kristian Behrens, W. Mark Brown and Theophile Bougna

7861: Firm financing in Chile after the 2014-15 tax reform: debt or equity ? debt or equity?

Fernando Leonardo Hernandez

7860: The risk of polygamy and wives'saving behavior

Marie Boltz and Isabelle Chort

7859: A first step up the energy ladder ? low cost solar kits and household's welfare in Rural Rwanda

Michael Grimm, Anicet Munyehirwe, Jorg Peters and Maximiliane Sievert

7858: Informality in the process of development and growth

Norman Loayza

7857: Capital adjustment and the optimal fuel choice

Marie Caitriona Hyland and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

7856: The impact of the Arab Spring on the Tunisian economy

Samer Naji Matta, Simon Appleton and Michael Bleaney

7855: Climate change and water variability: do water treaties contribute to river basin resilience ?

Shlomi Dinar, David Katz, Lucia De Stefano and Brian Blankespoor

7854: The effect of the Swedish payroll tax cut for youths on firm profitability

Arvid Malm, Johan Eklund, David Francis and Nan Jiang

7853: Unequal opportunity, unequal growth

Gustavo Marrero, Juan Rodríguez and Roy van der Weide

7852: Global talent flows

Sari Pekkala Kerr, William Robert Kerr, Caglar Ozden, Christopher Robert Parsons, Sari Pekkala Kerr, William Robert Kerr, Caglar Ozden and Christopher Robert Parsons

7851: Strategic investment funds: opportunities and challenges

Havard Halland, Michel Noel, Silvana Tordo and Jacob Jameel Kloper-Owens

7850: Casting the tax net wider: experimental evidence from Costa Rica

Anne Brockmeyer, Marco Hernandez, Stewart Kettle and Spencer Douglas Smith

7849: Retooling poverty targeting using out-of-sample validation and machine learning

Linden McBride and Austin Nichols

7848: The long-term impact of international migration on economic decision-making: evidence from a migration lottery and lab-in-the-field experiments

John Gibson, David McKenzie, Halahingano Rohorua and Steven Stillman

7847: Economic integration across Latin America: evidence from labor markets, 1990-2013

Daniel Lederman and Raymond Robertson

7846: The more stringent, the better ? rationing car use in Bogota with moderate and drastic restrictions

Jorge Bonilla Londoño

7845: New estimates of extreme poverty for children

David Newhouse, Pablo Suarez Becerra and Martin C Evans

7844: Who are the poor in the developing world ?

R. Castañeda, Dung Thi Thuy Doan, David Newhouse, Minh Nguyen, Hiroki Uematsu and João Pedro Azevedo

7843: Intergenerational education mobility in Africa: has progress been inclusive ?

Theophile T. Azomahou and Eleni Yitbarek

7842: Dynamic relationship between corruption and youth unemployment: empirical evidences from a system GMM approach

Bechir Naier Bouzid

7841: Is predicted data a viable alternative to real data ?

Tomoki Fujii and Roy van der Weide

7840: Citizen engagement in rulemaking -- evidence on regulatory practices in 185 countries

Melissa Marie Johns and Valentina Saltane

7839: Poor households'productive investments of cash transfers: quasi-experimental evidence from Niger

Quentin Stoeffler, Bradford Mills and Patrick Premand

7838: When the cat's away: the effects of spousal migration on investments on children

Lucia Rizzica

7837: Managing (fiscally) resource price volatility: exploring policy options for the Democratic Republic of Congo

Emmanuel Pinto Moreira

7836: Constructing robust poverty trends in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 2008-14

Aziz Atamanov, Mohammad-Hadi Mostafavi, Djavad Salehi Isfahani and Tara Vishwanath

7835: Deepening without broadening ? jobs in Ghana's private sector

David C. Francis and Maddalena Honorati

7834: Training teachers on the job: what works and how to measure it

Anna Popova, David Evans and Violeta Arancibia

7833: Gender gaps in cognitive and non-cognitive skills in early primary grades: evidence from rural Indonesia

Nozomi Nakajima, Haeil Jung, Menno Prasad Pradhan, Amer Hasan, Angela Kinnell and Sally Ann Brinkman

7832: Investing in school readiness: an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of early childhood education pathways in rural Indonesia

Nozomi Nakajima, Amer Hasan, Haeil Jung, Sally Ann Brinkman, Menno Prasad Pradhan and Angela Kinnell

7831: Nonrenewable resources, income inequality and per capita GDP: an empirical analysis

Antonio Scognamillo, Gianluca Mele and Luca Sensini

7830: Trends and drivers of poverty reduction in Nepal: a historical perspective

Hiroki Uematsu, Akhmad Rizal Shidiq and Sailesh Tiwari

7829: Can the culture of honor lead to inefficient conventions ? experimental evidence from India

Benjamin Brooks, Karla Hoff and Priyanka Pandey

7828: Faraway or nearby ? domestic and international spillovers in patenting and product innovation

Claudio Bravo-Ortega, Ana Paula Cusolito and Daniel Lederman

7827: Russian Federation: how services contribute to competitiveness

Juan Sebastian Saez and Erik van der Marel

7826: Minimizing ecological damage from road improvement in tropical forests

Susmita Dasgupta and David R. Wheeler

7825: Does improved local supply of schooling enhance intergenerational mobility in education ? evidence from Jordan

Ragui Assaad and Mohamed Saleh

7824: Mobility and pathways to the middle class in Nepal

Sailesh Tiwari, Akhmad Rizal Shidiq and Carlos Balcazar

7823: From commodity discovery to production

Tehmina Khan, Trang Thi Thuy Nguyen, Franziska Ohnsorge and Richard Schodde

7822: Shoeing the Children: the impact of the TOMS Shoe donation program in rural El Salvador

Bruce Wydick, Elizabeth G. Katz, Flor Calvo, Felipe Gutierrez and Brendan Janet

7821: Export competitiveness and FDI performance across the regions of the Russian Federation

Karlygash Serikovna Dairabayeva, Michael Joseph Ferrantino, Alberto Portugal-Perez and Gabriela Schmidt

7820: Are labor supply decisions consistent with neoclassical preferences ? evidence from Indian boat owners

Xavier Gine, Monica Martinez-Bravo and Marian Vidal-Fernandez

7819: The globe and the circle: geometry and economic geography as tribute to Thales and Nash

Kaushik Basu

7818: Preferential resource spending under an employment guarantee: the political economy of MGNREGS in Andhra Pradesh

Megan Britney Sheahan, Yanyan Liu, Christopher Barrett and Sudha Narayanan

7817: Combining preschool teacher training with parenting education: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Berk Özler, Lia C. H. Fernald, Patricia Karol Kariger, Christin Mcconnell, Michelle J. Neuman and Eduardo Pinheiro Fraga

7816: The state of economics, the state of the world

Kaushik Basu

7815: Corporate borrowing and debt maturity: the effects of market access and crises

Juan Jose Cortina Lorente, Tatiana Didier Brandao, Sergio L. Schmukler, Juan Jose Cortina Lorente, Tatiana Didier Brandao and Sergio L. Schmukler

7814: Will market competition trump gender discrimination in India ?

Ejaz Ghani, Arti Grover, Sari Pekkala Kerr and William Kerr

7813: On the ground or in the air ? a methodological experiment on crop residue cover measurement in Ethiopia

Frederic Kosmowski, James Stevenson, Jeff Campbell, Alemayehu Ambel and Asmelash Haile Tsegay

7812: Varietal identification in household surveys: results from an experiment using DNA fingerprinting of sweet potato leaves in southern Ethiopia

Frederic Kosmowski, Abiyot Aragaw, Andrzej Kilian, Alemayehu A. Ambel, John Ilukor, Biratu Yigezu, James Stevenson, Frederic Kosmowski, Abiyot Aragaw, Andrzej Kilian, Alemayehu A. Ambel, John Ilukor, Biratu Yigezu and James Stevenson

7811: Sustainability of a residential CFL distribution program: evidence from Ethiopia

Issa Diaw, Raihan Elahi and Atsushi Iimi

7810: How many years have refugees been in exile ?

Xavier Devictor and Quy-Toan Do

7809: Are all trade agreements equal ? the role of distance in shaping the effect of economic integration agreements on trade flows

Rebecca Freeman and Samuel Pienknagura

7808: Are minimum wages and payroll taxes a constraint to the creation of formal jobs in Morocco ?

Diego Angel-Urdinola, Abdoul Gadiry Barry and Jamal Guennouni

7807: Savings defaults and payment delays for cash transfers: field experimental evidence from Malawi

Lasse Florian Brune, Xavier Gine, Jessica Goldberg and Dean Yang

7806: Uncertainty as a factor in investment decisions: the case of the Russian Federation's regions

Irina Levina, Gregory Kisunko, Israel I. Marques and Andrei Yakovlev

7805: On the impact of demographic change on growth, savings, and poverty

Syud Ahmed and Marcio Cruz

7804: The capabilities driving participation in global value chains

Vilas G. Pathikonda and Thomas Farole

7803: Unequal before the law: measuring legal gender disparities across the world

Sarah Iqbal, Asif Islam, Rita Ramalho and Alena Sakhonchik

7802: Prevalence, economic contribution, and determinants of trees on farms across Sub-Saharan Africa

Daniel Charles Miller, Juan Carlos Munoz Mora, Luc Christiaensen, Daniel Charles Miller, Juan Carlos Munoz Mora and Luc Christiaensen

7801: Impact of social assistance on labor market mobility: the case of Turkey

Deniz Alcan, Raif Mokretar-Karroubi, Temel Taskin and William David Wiseman

7800: Predicting project outcomes: a simple methodology for predictions based on project ratings

Marc Blanc, Talib B. K. Esmail, Caroline Mascarell and Joseph Rukshan Rodriguez

7799: Can environmental policy reduce infant mortality ? evidence from the Ganga pollution cases

Quy-Toan Do, Shareen Joshi, Samuel Stolper, Quy-Toan Do, Shareen Joshi and Samuel Stolper

7798: Making the most of demographic change in Southern Africa

Syud Ahmed and Marcio Cruz

7797: Combining mentoring programs with cash transfers for adolescent girls in Liberia:baseline report

Kelly K. Hallman, Elizabeth Kelvin, Berk Özler, Juliette Seban, Erica Kuhlik, Cooper Alton, Joseph Kamara and Sarah Goodman

7796: Short- and long-term effects of a child-labor ban

Caio Piza and André Souza

7795: Understanding the dynamics of labor income inequality in Latin America

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Luis Lopez-Calva, Nora Lustig and Daniel Valderrama-Gonzalez

7794: Synergies in child nutrition: interactions of food security, health and environment, and child care

Emmanuel Skoufias

7793: Estimating poverty rates in target populations: an assessment of the simple poverty scorecard and alternative approaches

Alexis Diamond, Michael Gill, Miguel Angel Rebolledo Dellepiane, Emmanuel Skoufias, Katja Vinha and Yiqing Xu

7792: Hidden human capital: psychological empowerment and adolescent girls'aspirations in India

Sanchari Roy, Matthew H. Morton and Shrayana Bhattacharya

7791: Negative interest rate policies: sources and implications

Carlos Arteta, Ayhan Kose, Marc Stocker and Temel Taskin

7790: Global health workforce labor market projections for 2030

Jenny X Liua, Yevgeniy Goryakin, Akiko Maeda, Tim Allen Bruckner and Richard M. Scheffler

7789: Who uses electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa ? findings from household surveys

Masami Kojima, Xin-000438564 Zhou, Jeesun Han, Joerie Frederik De Wit, Robert W. Bacon, Christopher Philip Trimble, Masami Kojima, Xin-000438564 Zhou, Jeesun Han, Joerie Frederik De Wit, Robert W. Bacon and Christopher Philip Trimble

7788: Financial viability of electricity sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa: quasi-fiscal deficits and hidden costs

Christopher Philip Trimble, Masami Kojima, Ines Perez Arroyo and Farah Mohammadzadeh

7787: The distributional impact of taxes and transfers in Poland

Karolina Marta Goraus Tanska and Gabriela Inchauste

7786: The microfinance business model: enduring subsidy and modest profit

Robert Cull, Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Jonathan Morduch

7785: Disaggregating the impact of the internet on international trade

Alberto Osnago and Shawn Tan

7784: Building long-term portfolio benchmarks for pension funds in emerging economies

Heinz P. Rudolph and Jorge Sabat

7783: Can labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size?productivity relationship ? longitudinal evidence from rural India

Klaus Deininger, Songqing Jin, Yanyan Liu and Sudhir Singh

7782: Inequality of opportunity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Paolo Brunori, Flaviana Palmisano and Vito Peragine

7781: The volatility of international trade flows in the 21st century: whose fault is it anyway ?

Federico Roberto Bennett, Daniel Lederman, Samuel Pienknagura and Diego Rojas

7780: Resource misallocation in Turkey

Ha Nguyen, Temel Taskin and Ayberk Yilmaz

7779: Building voluntary pension schemes in emerging economies

Heinz P. Rudolph

7778: Dictators walking the Mogadishu line: how men become monsters and monsters become men

Shaun Larcom, Mare Sarr and Tim Willems

7777: Factor endowments, technology, capital mobility and the sources of comparative advantage in manufacturing

Shushanik Hakobyan and Daniel Lederman

7776: Global inequality: the implications of Thomas Piketty's capital in the 21st century

Christoph Lakner

7775: The effects of innovation on employment in developing countries: evidence from enterprisesurveys

Xavier Cirera and Leonard Sabetti

7774: Pathways to profits: identifying separate channels of small firm growth through business training

Stephen J. Anderson, Rajesh Chandy and Bilal Zia

7773: Not your average job: measuring farm labor in Tanzania

Vellore Shroff Arthi, Kathleen G. Beegle, Joachim De Weerdt, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Vellore Shroff Arthi, Kathleen G. Beegle, Joachim De Weerdt and Amparo Palacios-Lopez

7772: International financial integration of East Asia and Pacific

Tatiana Didier Brandao, Ruth Llovet Montanes, Sergio L. Schmukler, Tatiana Didier Brandao, Ruth Llovet Montanes and Sergio L. Schmukler

7771: Geopolitics, aid, and growth: the impact of UN security council membership on the effectiveness of aid

Axel Dreher, Vera Eichenauer and Kai Gehring

7770: Quantifying uncertainties in global growth forecasts

Franziska Ohnsorge, Marc Stocker and Modeste Y. Some

7769: Vulnerability to Poverty in rural Malawi

Nancy Mccarthy, Josh Brubaker and Alejandro De La Fuente

7768: Feedback matters: evidence from agricultural services

Maria Ruth Jones and Florence Kondylis

7767: Services and innovation for the competitiveness of the Ecuadorian economy

Luis Rubalcaba, David Gago, Maria Ariano and Arvind Kumar Tripathi

7766: Modeling the impacts of climate change on future Vietnamese households: a micro-simulation approach

Julie Rozenberg and Stephane Hallegatte

7765: Exposure to floods, climate change, and poverty in Vietnam

Mook Bangalore, Andrew Smith and Ted Veldkamp

7764: The varying income effects of weather variation: initial insights from rural Vietnam

Ulf Gerrit Narloch

7763: Environmental risks and poverty: analyzing geo-spatial and household data from Vietnam

Ulf Gerrit Narloch and Mook Bangalore