Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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2405: Marginal willingness to pay for education and the determinants of enrollment in Mexico

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Angel Salinas

2404: The distribution of Mexico's public spending on education

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Angel Salinas

2403: Can the world cut poverty in half ? how policy reform and effective aid can meet international development goals

Paul Collier and David Dollar

2402: Debt management in Brazil: evaluation of the Real Plan and challenges ahead

Alfonso S. Bevilaqua and Marcio Garcia

2401: Telecom traffic and investment in developing countries: the effects of international settlement rate reductions

Scott J. Wallsten

2400: Child care and women's labor force participation in Romania

Monica Fong and Michael Lokshin

2399: Managers, investors, and crises: mutual fund strategies in emerging markets

Graciela Kaminsky, Richard Lyons and Sergio Schmukler

2398: Determinants of current account deficits in developing countries

Cesar Calderon, Alberto Chong and Norman Loayza

2397: Verifying exchange rate regimes

Luis Serven, Jeffrey Frankel, Eduardo Fajnzylber and Sergio Schmukler

2396: Aid dependence and the quality of governance: a cross-country empirical analysis

Stephen Knack

2395: Decentralizing the provision of health services: an incomplete contracts approach

William Jack

2394: Tax evasion, corruption, and the remuneration of heterogeneous inspectors

Waly Wane

2393: Will the Euro trigger more monetary unions in Africa?

Patrick Honohan and Philip Lane

2392: What factors appear to drive private capital flows to developing countries? and how does official lending respond?

Dipak Dasgupta and Dilip Ratha

2391: Are the poor protected from budget cuts? theory and evidence for Argentina

Martin Ravallion

2390: The social rate of return on infrastructure investments

David Canning and Esra Bennathan

2389: Vietnam - on the road to labor-intensive growth ?

Patrick Belser

2388: The role of special differential treatment for developing countries in GATT and the World Trade Organization

Constantine Michalopoulos

2387: The long and winding path to private financing and regulation of toll roads

Antonio Estache, Manuel Romero and John Strong

2386: Regulators and the poor - Lessons from the United Kingdom

Richard Green

2385: The rise, the fall, and...: the emerging recovery of project finance transport

Antonio Estache and John Strong

2384: Are cost models useful for telecoms regulators in developing countries?

Daniel Benitez, Antonio Estache, David Kennet and Christian Ruzzier

2383: New firm formation and industry growth - does having a market- or bank-based system matter?

Thorsten Beck and Ross Levine

2382: Impediments to the development and efficiency of financial intermediation in Brazil

Thorsten Beck

2381: Savings and the terms of trade under borrowing constraints

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Joshua Aizenman

2380: Trade polices for electronic commerce

Aaditya Mattoo and Ludger Schuknecht

2379: India and the multilateral trading system after Seattle - toward a proactive role

Aaditya Mattoo and Arvind Subramanian

2378: Disintegration and trade flows: evidence from the Former Soviet Union

Simeon Djankov and Caroline Freund

2377: Reforming water supply in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: mild reform in a turbulent environment

Claude Menard and George Clarke

2376: The effect of early childhood development programs on women's labor force participation and older children's schooling in Kenya

Michael Lokshin, Elena Glinskaya and Marito Garcia

2375: Asset distribution, inequality, and growth

Klaus Deininger and Pedro Olinto

2374: Should credit be given for autonomous liberalization in multilateral trade negotiations?

Aaditya Mattoo and Marcelo Olarreaga

2373: Reciprocity across modes of supply in the World Trade Organization: a negotiating formula

Aaditya Mattoo and Marcelo Olarreaga

2372: Financial openness, democracy, and redistributive policy

Mansoor Dailami

2371: Shock persistence and the choice of foreign exchange regime - an empirical note from Mexico

Marcelo Giugale and Adam Korobow

2370: A new model for market-based regulation of subnational borrowing - the Mexican approach

Marcelo Giugale, Adam Korobow and Steven Webb

2369: How the proposd Basel Guidelines on rating-agency assessments would affect developing countries

Giovanni Ferri, Li-Gang Liu and Giovanni Majnoni

2368: Seeds of corruption - Do market institutions matter?

Harry G. Broadman and Francesca Recanatini

2367: Gender, poverty, and nonfarm employment in Ghana and Uganda

Constance Newman and R. Sudharshan Canagarajah

2366: Fiscal constraints, collection costs, and trade policies

Keiko Kubota

2365: Leading indicator project - Lithuania

Stephen S. Everhart and Robert Duval-Hernandez

2364: Perverse effects of a ratings-related capital adequacy system

Patrick Honohan

2363: Would collective action clauses raise borrowing costs? - an update and additional results

Barry Eichengreen and Ashoka Mody

2362: A transitory regime: water supply in Conakry, Guinea

Claude Menard and George Clarke

2361: The welfare effects of private sector participation in Guinea's urban water supply

George Clarke, Claude Menard and Ana Maria Zuluaga

2360: Corruption and the composition of foreign direct investment - firm-level evidence

Beata K. Smarzynska and Shang-Jin Wei

2359: Reducing carbon dioxide emissions through joint implementation of projects

Will Martin

2358: Why infrastructure financing facilities often fall short of their objectives

Daniela Klingebiel and Jeff Ruster

2357: Evaluating carbon offsets from forestry and energy projects

Kenneth M. Chomitz

2356: Bureaucratic delegation and political institutions: when are independent central banks irrelevent?

Philip Keffer and David Stasavage

2355: Greed and grievance in civil war

Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler

2354: When the bureaucrats move out of business: a cost-benefit assessment of labor retrenchment in China

Yi Chen and Ishac Diwan

2353: The Sao Mateus - Jabaquara Trolleybusway Concession in Brazil

Jorge Rebelo and Pedro Machado

2352: How stronger patent protection in India might affect the behavior of transnational pharaceutical industries

Carsten Fink

2351: Environmental policy and time consistency - emissions taxes and emissions trading

Peter Kennedy and Benoit Laplante

2350: Multilateral trade liberalization and political disintegration - implications for the evolution of free trade areas and customs unions

Maurice Schiff

2349: Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer: a survey

Kamal Saggi

2348: Taxing issues with privatization: a checklist

Jack Mintz, Duanjie Chen and Evangelia Zorotheos

2347: Terror as a bargaining instrument: a case study of dowry violence in rural India

Francis Bloch and Vijayendra Rao

2346: the middle class consensus and economic development

William Easterly

2345: Information and modeling issues in designing water and sanitation subsidy schemes

Andres Gomez-Lobo, Vivien Foster and Jonathan Halpern

2344: Designing direct subsidies for water and sanitation services - Panama: a case study

Vivien Foster, Andres Gomez-Lobo and Jonat Halpern

2343: Ownership and performance of Lithuanian enterprises

David Grigorian

2342: What can we learn about country performance from conditional comparisons across countries?

Martin Ravallion

2341: The tyranny of concepts - CUDIE (Cumulated, Depreciated Investment Effort) is NOT capital

Lant Pritchett

2340: Currency substitution in Latin America - lessons from the 1990s

Pedro Gomis-Porqueras, Carlos Serrano and Alejandro Somuano

2339: Building subnational debt markets in developing and transition economies: a framework for analysis, policy reform, and assistance strategy

Michel Noel

2338: The geography of international investment

Howard J. Shatz and Anthony Venables

2337: Pollution charges, community pressure, and abatement cost of industrial pollution in China

Hua Wang

2336: Endogenous enforcement and effectiveness of China's pollution levy system

Hua Wang and David Wheeler

2335: Inflation and the poor

William Easterly and Stanley Fischer

2334: Sex workers and the cost of safe sex - the compensating differential for condom use in Calcutta

Vijayendra Rao, Indrani Gupta and Smarajit Jana

2333: Output fluctuations in Latin America - what explains the recent slowdown?

Santiago Herrera, Guillermo Perry and Neile Quintero

2332: Financial intermediary distress in the Republic of Korea - Small is beautiful?

Paola Bongini, Giovanni Ferri and Tae Soo Kang

2331: Competition, Corporate Governance, and regulation in Central Asia - Uzbekistan's structural reform challenges

Harry G. Boradman

2330: Reducing structural dominance and entry barriers in Russian industry

Harry G. Broadman

2329: Improving Russia's policy on foreign direct investment

Joel Bergsman, Harry G. Broadman and Vladimir Drebentsov

2328: Social transfers and social assistance - an empirical analysis using Latvian household survey data

Branko Milanovic

2327: How the Republic of Korea's financial structure affects the volatility of four asset prices

Hong-Ghi Min and Jong-Goo Par

2326: How urban concentration affects economic growth

Vernon Henderson

2325: Banking systems around the globe: do regulation and ownership affect the performance and stability?

James Barth, Gerard Caprio and Ross Levine

2324: Give growth and macroeconomic stability in Russia a chance - harden budgets by eliminating nonpayments

Brian Pinto, Vladimir Drebentsov and Alexander Morozov

2323: Globalization and firms'financing choices - evidence from emerging economies

Sergio Schmukler and Esteban Versperoni

2322: Self-targeted subsidies - the distributional impact of the Egyptian food subsidy system

Richard Adams

2321: Algorithms for purchasing AIDS vaccines

David Bishai, Maria K. Lin and C.W.B. Kiyonga

2320: Does more intense competition lead to higher growth?

Mark A. Dutz and Aydin Hayri

2319: Externalities and production efficiency

Gunnar Eskeland

2318: Regulatory reform, competition, and innovation - a case study of the Mexican road freight industry

Mark A. Dutz, Aydin Hayri and Pablo Ibarra

2317: Trade negotiations in the presence of network externalities

Keiko Kubota

2316: Distributional outcomes of a decentralized welfare program

Emanuela Galasso and Martin Ravallion

2315: Investment in natural gas pipelines in the Southern Cone of Latin America

Alejandro Jadresic

2314: Technological leadership and foreign investors'choice of entry mode

Beata K. Smarzynska

2313: How interest rates changed under financial liberalization - a cross-country review

Patrick Honohan

2312: Measuring governance, corruption, and State capture - how firms and bureaucrats shape the business environment in transition economies

Joel S. Hellman, Geraint Jones, Daniel Kaufmann and Mark Schankerman

2311: The Buenos Aires water concession

Lorena Alcázar, Manuel Abdala and Mary M. Shirley

2310: How politics and institutions affect pension reform in three post-communist countries

Mitchell A. Orenstein

2309: What drives private saving around the world?

Norman Loayza, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Luis Serven

2308: How small should an economy's fiscal deficit be? - a monetary programming approach

Paul E. Beckerman

2307: Surveying surveys and questioning questions - learning from World Bank experience

Francesca Recanatini, Scott J. Wallsten and Lixin Xu

2306: International contagion - implications for policy

Roberto Chang and Giovanni Majnoni