Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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2448: On"good"politicians and"bad"policies - social cohesion, institutions, and growth

Jo Ritzen, William Easterly and Michael Woolcock

2447: Attrition in longitudinal household survey data - some tests for three developing-country samples

Harold Alderman, Jere Behrman, Hans-Peter Kohler, John Maluccio and Susan Cotts Watkins

2446: Forecasting the demand for privatized transport - What economic regulators should know, and why

Lourdes Trujillo, Emile Quinet and Antonio Estache

2445: Subsidies in Chilean public utilities

Pablo Serra

2444: "Seize the state, seize the day": state capture, corruption, and influence in transition

Joel S. Hellman, Geraint Jones and Daniel Kaufmann

2443: The politics of economic policy reform in developing countries

Richard Adams

2442: A firm's-eye view of policy and fiscal reforms in Cameroon

Bernard Gauthier, Isidro Soloaga and James Tybout

2441: Controlling the fiscal costs of banking crises

Patrick Honohan and Daniela Klingebiel

2440: Lessons from Uganda on strategies to fight poverty

John Mackinnon and Ritva Reinikka

2439: State-community synergies in development: laying the basis for collective action

Monica Das Gupta, Helene Grandvoinnet and Mattia Romani

2438: Measurements of poverty in Indonesia - 1996, 1999, and beyond

Menno Pradhan, Asep Suryahadi, Sudarno Sumarto and Lant Pritchett

2437: Quantifying vulnerability to poverty - a proposed measure, applied to Indonesia

Lant Pritchett, Asep Suryahadi and Sudarno Sumarto

2436: Safety nets and safety ropes - who benefited from two Indonesian crisis programs - the"poor"or the"shocked"?

Sudarno Sumarto, Asep Suryahadi and Lant Pritchett

2435: The evolution of poverty during the crisis in Indonesia, 1996-99

Asep Suryahadi, Sudarno Sumarto and Yusuf Suharso

2434: Socioeconomic inequalities in child malnutrition in the developing world

Adam Wagstaff and Naoko Watanabe

2433: External interventions and the duration of civil wars

Ibrahim A. Elbadawi and Nicholas Sambanis

2432: Funding growth in bank-based and market-based financial systems: evidence from firm level data

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

2431: Inside the crisis: an empirical analysis of banking systems in distress

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Enrica Detragiache and Poonam Gupta

2430: Financial structure and bank profitability

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Harry Huizinga

2429: Corruption, composition of capital flows, and currency crises

Shang-Jin Wei

2428: The role of foreign investors in debt market development - conceptual frameworks and policy issues

Jeong Yeon Lee

2427: Public officials and their institutional environment - an analytical model for assessing the impact of institutional change on public sector performance

Nick Manning, Ranjana Mukherjee and Omer Gokcekus

2426: Commodity price uncertainty in developing countries

Jan Dehn

2425: Are returns to investment lower for the poor? Human and physical capital interactions in rural Viet Nam

Dominique van de Walle

2424: Global transmission of interest rates: monetary independence and the currency regime

Jeffrey Frankel, Sergio Schmukler and Luis Servén

2423: Financial structure and economic development - firm, industry, and country evidence

Thorsten Beck, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Ross Levine and Vojislav Maksimovic

2422: Private provision of a public good - social capital and solid waste management in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sheoli Pargal, Daniel Gilligan and Mainul Huq

2421: Contractual savings or stock market development - Which leads?

Mario Catalán, Gregorio Impavido and Alberto R. Musalem

2420: Public versus private ownership: the current state of the debate

Mary Shirley and Patrick Walsh

2419: The savings collapse during the transition in Eastern Europe

Cevdet Denizer and Holger C. Wolf

2418: Polarization, politics, and property rights: links between inequality and growth

Philip Keefer and Stephen Knack

2417: The indirect approach

David Ellerman

2416: The Swiss multi-pillar pension system: triumph of common sense?

Monika Queisser and Dimitri Vittas

2415: Infrastructure restructuring and regulation - building a base for sustainable growth

Ian Alexander and Antonio Estache

2414: Pension reform and capital market development -"feasibility"and"impact"preconditions

Dimitri Vittas

2413: Foreign direct investment in services and the domestic market for expertise

James Markusen, Thomas Rutherford and David Tarr

2412: Urbanization without growth: a not-so-uncommon phenomenon

Marianne Fay and Charlotte Opal

2411: Natural openness and good government

Shang-Jin Wei

2410: Is functional literacy a prerequisite for entering the labor market? An analysis of determinants of adults literacy and earnings in Ghana

Niels-Hugo (Hugo) Blunch and Dorte Verner

2409: How did the world's poorest fare in the 1990s ?

Shaohua Chen and Martin Ravallion

2408: What makes banks special ? a study of banking, finance, and economic development

Biagio Bossone

2407: Utility privatization and the needs of the poor in Latin America - Have we learned enough to get it right?

Antonio Estache, Andres Gomez-Lobo and Danny Leipziger

2406: How Mexico's financial crisis affected income distribution

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Angel Salinas

2405: Marginal willingness to pay for education and the determinants of enrollment in Mexico

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Angel Salinas

2404: The distribution of Mexico's public spending on education

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and Angel Salinas

2403: Can the world cut poverty in half ? how policy reform and effective aid can meet international development goals

Paul Collier and David Dollar

2402: Debt management in Brazil: evaluation of the Real Plan and challenges ahead

Alfonso S. Bevilaqua and Marcio Garcia

2401: Telecom traffic and investment in developing countries: the effects of international settlement rate reductions

Scott J. Wallsten

2400: Child care and women's labor force participation in Romania

Monica Fong and Michael Lokshin

2399: Managers, investors, and crises: mutual fund strategies in emerging markets

Graciela Kaminsky, Richard Lyons and Sergio Schmukler

2398: Determinants of current account deficits in developing countries

Cesar Calderon, Alberto Chong and Norman Loayza

2397: Verifying exchange rate regimes

Luis Servén, Jeffrey Frankel, Eduardo Fajnzylber and Sergio Schmukler

2396: Aid dependence and the quality of governance: a cross-country empirical analysis

Stephen Knack

2395: Decentralizing the provision of health services: an incomplete contracts approach

William Jack

2394: Tax evasion, corruption, and the remuneration of heterogeneous inspectors

Waly Wane

2393: Will the Euro trigger more monetary unions in Africa?

Patrick Honohan and Philip Lane

2392: What factors appear to drive private capital flows to developing countries? and how does official lending respond?

Dipak Dasgupta and Dilip Ratha

2391: Are the poor protected from budget cuts? theory and evidence for Argentina

Martin Ravallion

2390: The social rate of return on infrastructure investments

David Canning and Esra Bennathan

2389: Vietnam - on the road to labor-intensive growth ?

Patrick Belser

2388: The role of special differential treatment for developing countries in GATT and the World Trade Organization

Constantine Michalopoulos

2387: The long and winding path to private financing and regulation of toll roads

Antonio Estache, Manuel Romero and John Strong

2386: Regulators and the poor - Lessons from the United Kingdom

Richard Green

2385: The rise, the fall, and...: the emerging recovery of project finance transport

Antonio Estache and John Strong

2384: Are cost models useful for telecoms regulators in developing countries?

Daniel Benitez, Antonio Estache, David Kennet and Christian Ruzzier

2383: New firm formation and industry growth - does having a market- or bank-based system matter?

Thorsten Beck and Ross Levine

2382: Impediments to the development and efficiency of financial intermediation in Brazil

Thorsten Beck

2381: Savings and the terms of trade under borrowing constraints

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Joshua Aizenman

2380: Trade polices for electronic commerce

Aaditya Mattoo and Ludger Schuknecht

2379: India and the multilateral trading system after Seattle - toward a proactive role

Aaditya Mattoo and Arvind Subramanian

2378: Disintegration and trade flows: evidence from the Former Soviet Union

Simeon Djankov and Caroline Freund

2377: Reforming water supply in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: mild reform in a turbulent environment

Claude Menard and George Clarke

2376: The effect of early childhood development programs on women's labor force participation and older children's schooling in Kenya

Michael Lokshin, Elena Glinskaya and Marito Garcia

2375: Asset distribution, inequality, and growth

Klaus Deininger and Pedro Olinto

2374: Should credit be given for autonomous liberalization in multilateral trade negotiations?

Aaditya Mattoo and Marcelo Olarreaga

2373: Reciprocity across modes of supply in the World Trade Organization: a negotiating formula

Aaditya Mattoo and Marcelo Olarreaga

2372: Financial openness, democracy, and redistributive policy

Mansoor Dailami

2371: Shock persistence and the choice of foreign exchange regime - an empirical note from Mexico

Marcelo Giugale and Adam Korobow

2370: A new model for market-based regulation of subnational borrowing - the Mexican approach

Marcelo Giugale, Adam Korobow and Steven Webb

2369: How the proposd Basel Guidelines on rating-agency assessments would affect developing countries

Giovanni Ferri, Li-Gang Liu and Giovanni Majnoni

2368: Seeds of corruption - Do market institutions matter?

Harry G. Broadman and Francesca Recanatini

2367: Gender, poverty, and nonfarm employment in Ghana and Uganda

Constance Newman and R. Sudharshan Canagarajah

2366: Fiscal constraints, collection costs, and trade policies

Keiko Kubota

2365: Leading indicator project - Lithuania

Stephen S. Everhart and Robert Duval-Hernandez

2364: Perverse effects of a ratings-related capital adequacy system

Patrick Honohan

2363: Would collective action clauses raise borrowing costs? - an update and additional results

Barry Eichengreen and Ashoka Mody

2362: A transitory regime: water supply in Conakry, Guinea

Claude Menard and George Clarke

2361: The welfare effects of private sector participation in Guinea's urban water supply

George Clarke, Claude Menard and Ana Maria Zuluaga

2360: Corruption and the composition of foreign direct investment - firm-level evidence

Beata K. Smarzynska and Shang-Jin Wei

2359: Reducing carbon dioxide emissions through joint implementation of projects

Will Martin

2358: Why infrastructure financing facilities often fall short of their objectives

Daniela Klingebiel and Jeff Ruster

2357: Evaluating carbon offsets from forestry and energy projects

Kenneth M. Chomitz

2356: Bureaucratic delegation and political institutions: when are independent central banks irrelevent?

Philip Keffer and David Stasavage

2355: Greed and grievance in civil war

Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler

2354: When the bureaucrats move out of business: a cost-benefit assessment of labor retrenchment in China

Yi Chen and Ishac Diwan

2353: The Sao Mateus - Jabaquara Trolleybusway Concession in Brazil

Jorge Rebelo and Pedro Machado

2352: How stronger patent protection in India might affect the behavior of transnational pharaceutical industries

Carsten Fink

2351: Environmental policy and time consistency - emissions taxes and emissions trading

Peter Kennedy and Benoit Laplante

2350: Multilateral trade liberalization and political disintegration - implications for the evolution of free trade areas and customs unions

Maurice Schiff

2349: Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer: a survey

Kamal Saggi