Policy Research Working Paper Series

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4062: Growth before and after trade liberalization

Gonzalo Salinas and Ataman Aksoy

4061: Access to financial services in Zambia

Jose de Luna Martinez

4060: Distributional effects of WTO agricultural reforms in rich and poor countries

Thomas Hertel, Roman Keeney, Maros Ivanic and L. Winters

4059: The impact of policies to control motor vehicle emissions in Mumbai, India

Akie Takeuchi, Maureen Cropper and Antonio Bento

4058: Learning through monitoring: lessons from a large-scale nutrition program in Madagascar

Emanuela Galasso and Jeffrey Yau

4057: An essay on economic reforms and social change in China

Assar Lindbeck

4056: Deposit insurance and banking reform in Russia

Modibo K. Camara and Fernando Montes-Negret

4055: The investment climate in post-conflict situations

Rob Mills and Qimiao Fan

4054: Corporate governance and Shariah compliance in institutions offering Islamic financial services

Wafik Grais and Matteo Pellegrini

4053: Corporate governance and stakeholders'financial interests in institutions offering Islamic financial services

Wafik Grais and Matteo Pellegrini

4052: Corporate governance in institutions offering Islamic financial services: issues and options

Wafik Grais and Matteo Pellegrini

4051: The fiscal framework and urban infrastructure finance in China

Ming Su and Quanhou Zhao

4050: The demographic benefit of international migration: hypothesis and application to the Middle Eastern and North African contexts

Philippe Fargues

4049: Trade reforms and welfare: an ex-post decomposition of income in Vietnam

Aylin Isik-Dikmelik

4048: Services inputs and firm productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from firm-level data

Jens Arnold, Aaditya Mattoo and Gaia Narciso

4047: Unraveling the worldwide pollution haven effect

Jean-Marie Grether, Nicole Mathys and Jaime de Melo

4046: Migrant networks and foreign direct investment

Beata Javorcik, Caglar Ozden, Mariana Spatareanu and Ileana Neagu Constantinescu

4045: Urban infrastructure finance from private operators: what have we learned from recent experience ?

Patricia Clarke Annez

4044: Export promotion agencies: what works and what doesn't

Daniel Lederman, Marcelo Olarreaga and Lucy Payton

4043: Land leasing and land sale as an infrastructure-financing option

George E. Peterson

4042: Mobilizing urban infrastructure finance within a responsible fiscal framework: South African case

Philip van Ryneveld

4041: Crime and violence in development: a literature review of Latin America and the Caribbean

Alessandra Heinemann and Dorte Verner

4040: Estimating the returns to education: accounting for heterogeneity in ability

Harry Patrinos, Cris Ridao-Cano and Christos Sakellariou

4039: A practitioner's guide to intergovernmental fiscal transfers

Anwar Shah

4038: Preferential trade agreements and their role in world trade

Denis Medvedev

4037: Conscription and Crime

Sebastian Galiani, Martín Rossi and Ernesto Schargrodsky

4036: Evaluating the impact of Mexico's quality schools program: the pitfalls of using nonexperimental data

Emmanuel Skoufias and Joseph Shapiro

4035: Measuring the pro-poorness of income growth within an elasticity framework

Essama-Nssah B. and Peter J. Lambert

4034: When instability increases the effectiveness of aid projects

Patrick Guillaumont and Rachid Laajaj

4033: Do intensity targets control uncertainty better than quotas ? Conditions, calibrations, and caveats

Robert Marschinski and Franck Lecocq

4032: Do institutions matter more for services ?

Mohammad Amin and Aaditya Mattoo

4031: Duration of unemployment benefits and quality of post-unemployment jobs: evidence from a natural experiment

Jan C. van Ours and Milan Vodopivec

4030: Liberalizing trade in services: a survey

Bernard Hoekman

4029: Takeover laws and financial development

Tatiana Nenova

4028: Fiscal and social impact of a nominal exchange rate devaluation in Djibouti

Paloma Anos Casero and Ganesh Seshan

4027: Bank efficiency, ownership, and market structure: why are interest spreads so high in Uganda ?

Thorsten Beck and Heiko Hesse

4026: The basic analytics of access to financial services

Thorsten Beck and Augusto de la Torre

4025: Economic growth, education, and AIDS in Kenya: a long-run analysis

Clive Bell, Ramona Bruhns and Hans Gersbach

4024: Education and HIV/AIDS prevention: evidence from a randomized evaluation in Western Kenya

Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, Michael Kremer and Samuel Sinei

4023: What is the real impact of schooling on age of first union and age of first parenting ? New evidence from Guatemala

Jere Behrman, Alexis Murphy, Agnes Quisumbing, Usha Ramakrishnan and Kathyrn Yount

4022: The demography of youth in developing countries and its economic implications

David Lam

4021: A profile of the world's young developing country migrants

David McKenzie

4020: Restructuring Uganda's coffee industry: why going back to the basics matters

John Baffes

4019: Banking sector openness and economic growth

Nihal Bayraktar and Yan Wang

4018: Forgone earnings from smoking: evidence for a developing country

Michael Lokshin and Kathleen Beegle

4017: Do subsidized health programs in Armenia increase utilization among the poor?

Diego Angel-Urdinola and Shweta Jain

4016: Rules of origin for preferential trading arrangements: implications for the ASEAN Free Trade Area of EU and U.S. experience

Olivier Cadot, Jaime de Melo and Alberto Portugal-Perez

4015: Regional impacts of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization

Thomas Rutherford and David Tarr

4014: The World Trade Organization and antidumping in developing countries

Chad Bown

4013: The role of agriculture in poverty reduction an empirical perspective

Luc Christiaensen, Lionel Demery and Jesper Kühl

4012: Governance matters V: aggregate and individual governance indicators for 1996 - 2005

Daniel Kaufmann, Aart Kraay and Massimo Mastruzzi

4011: Fairtrade and market failures in agricultural commodity markets

Loraine Ronchi

4010: Rural vulnerability in Serbia

Lire Ersado

4009: Azerbaijan's household survey data: explaining why inequality is so low

Lire Ersado

4008: Group versus individual liability: a field experiment in the Philippines

Xavier Gine and Dean Karlan

4007: Increasing inequality in transition economies: is there more to come?

Pradeep Mitra and Ruslan Yemtsov

4006: Financial system structure in Colombia: a proposal for a reform agenda

Javier De la Cruz and Constantinos Stephanou

4005: What is effective aid? How would donors allocate It?

Charles Kenny

4004: The quality of fiscal adjustment and the long-run growth impact of fiscal policy in Brazil

Fernando Blanco and Santiago Herrera

4003: Access and risk - friends or foes? Lessons from Chile

Osvaldo Adasme, Giovanni Majnoni and Myriam Uribe

4002: Latin American universities and the third mission: trends, challenges, and policy options

Kristian Thorn and Maarja Soo

4001: Superstition, family planning, and human development

Quy-Toan Do and Tung Phung

4000: Who gets debt relief ?

Nicolas Depetris Chauvin and Aart Kraay

3999: Openness and industrial response in a Wal-Mart world: a case study of Mexican soaps, detergents, and surfactant producers

Beata Javorcik, Wolfgang Keller and James Tybout

3998: Dimensions of urban poverty in the Europe and Central Asia region

Infrastructure Department, Europe and Central Asia Region

3997: Local inequality and project choice: theory and evidence from Ecuador

M. Caridad Araujo, Francisco Ferreira, Peter Lanjouw and Berk Özler

3996: The African Growth and Opportunity Act, exports, and development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Paul Brenton and Mombert Hoppe

3995: The value of mortality risk reductions in Delhi, India

Soma Bhattacharya, Anna Alberini and Maureen Cropper

3994: Investing cash transfers to raise long term living standards

Paul Gertler, Sebastian Martinez and Marta Rubio-Codina

3993: Assessing benefits of slum upgrading programs in second-best settings

Basab Dasgupta and Somik Lall

3992: Measuring financial performance in infrastructure: an application to Europe and Central Asia

Jane O. Ebinger

3991: University-local industry linkages: the case of Tohoku University in the Sendai area of Japan

Juan Jiang, Yuko Harayama and Shiro Abe

3990: Does aid help improve economic institutions ?

Decio Coviello and Roumeen Islam

3989: Infrastructure and growth in South Africa: direct and indirect productivity impacts of 19 infrastructure measures

Johannes Fedderke, Zeljko Bogetic and Zeljko

3988: Firm Productivity in Bangladesh Manufacturing Industries

Ana Fernandes

3987: International benchmarking of infrastructure performance in the Southern African Customs Union Countries

Zeljko Bogetic and Johannes Fedderke

3986: Reforming the investment climate: lessons for practitioners

Sunita Kikeri, Thomas Kenyon and Vincent Palmade

3985: Openness and technological innovations in developing countries: evidence from firm-level surveys

Rita Almeida and Ana Fernandes

3984: A firm-level analysis of small and medium size enterprise financing in Poland

Leora Klapper, Virginia Sarria-Allende and Rida Zaidi

3983: Innovation and export portfolios

Bailey Klinger and Daniel Lederman

3982: Quality of schooling and quality of schools for indigenous students in Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru

Martha Hernandez-Zavala, Harry Patrinos, Christos Sakellariou and Joseph Shapiro

3981: Openness, inequality, and poverty: endowments matter

Julien Gourdon, Nicolas Maystre and Jaime de Melo

3980: Trade reforms, farm productivity, and poverty in Bangladesh

Irina Klytchnikova and Ndiame Diop

3979: The elimination of Madagascar's Vanilla Marketing Board, ten years on

Olivier Cadot, Laure Dutoit and Jaime de Melo

3978: Health Service Delivery in China: A Literature Review

Karen Eggleston, Li Ling, Meng Qingyue, Magnus Lindelow and Adam Wagstaff

3977: Quantifying the value of U.S. tariff preferences for developing countries

Judith Dean and John Wainio

3976: Implications of WTO agreements and unilateral trade policy reforms for poverty in Bangladesh: short versus long-run impacts

Nabil Annabi, Bazlul Khondker, Selim Raihan, John Cockburn and Bernard Decaluwe

3975: Financing firms in India

Franklin Allen, Rajesh Chakrabarti, Sankar De, Jun Qian and Meijun Qian

3974: Substitution in Markusen's classic trade and factor movement complementarity models

Maurice Schiff

3973: Conditional cash transfers, adult work incentives, and poverty

Emmanuel Skoufias and Vincenzo Di Maro

3972: Annuity markets in Chile: competition, regulation - and myopia ?

Eduardo Walker

3971: Implementing a WTO agreement on trade facilitation: what makes sense ?

Joseph Finger and John Wilson

3970: Do reorganization costs matter for efficiency ? Evidence from a bankruptcy reform in Colombia

Xavier Gine and Inessa Love

3969: Deposit insurance design and implementation: policy lessons from research and practice

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Edward Kane and Luc Laeven

3968: Measuring corruption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a critique of the cross-country indicators

Stephen Knack

3967: Can information campaigns spark local participation and improve outcomes ? A study of primary education in Uttar Pradesh, India

Abhijit Banerjee, Rukmini Banerji, Esther Duflo, Rachel Glennerster and Stuti Khemani

3966: On the financial sustainability of earnings-related pension schemes with"pay-as-you-go"financing and the role of government indexed bonds

David Robalino and Andras Bodor

3965: Household financial assets in the process of development

Patrick Honohan

3964: Income diversification in Zimbabwe: welfare implications from urban and rural areas

Lire Ersado

3963: Financial development in Latin America: big emerging issues, limited policy answers

Augusto de la Torre, Juan Carlos Gozzi and Sergio Schmukler