Policy Research Working Paper Series

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1747: Protection and trade in services: a survey

Bernard Hoekman and Carlos A. Primo Braga

1746: The role of long term finance: theory and evidence

Gerard Caprio and Asli Demirguc-Kunt

1745: How foreign investment affects host countries

Magnus Blomstrom and Ari Kokko

1744: Moving to greener pastures: multinationals and the pollution-haven hypothesis

Gunnar Eskeland and Ann Harrison

1743: How China's government and state enterprises partitioned property and control rights

Lixin Xu

1742: Transport costs and"natural"integration in Mercosur

Azita Amjadi and L. Winters

1741: Privatization, public investment, and capital income taxation

Harry Huizinga and Søren Nielsen

1740: When is foreign aid policy credible: aid dependence and conditionality

Jakob Svensson

1739: Safe and sound banking in developing countries: we're not in Kansas anymore

Gerard Caprio

1738: Some aspects of poverty in Sri Lanka: 1985-90

Gaurav Datt and Dileni Gunewardena

1737: Ownership and corporate governance: evidence from the Czech Republic

Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov and Gerhard Pohl

1736: Creating incentives for private infrastructure companies to become more efficient

Ian Alexander and Colin Mayer

1735: Competition policy and the global trading system: a developing country perspective

Bernard Hoekman

1734: Are markets learning?: behavior in the secondary market for Brady bonds

Luca Barbone and Lorenzo Forni

1733: The usefulness of private and public information for foreign investment decisions

Ashoka Mody and Yuko Kinoshita

1732: Agricultural trade and rural development in the Middle East and North Africa: recent developments and prospects

Dean A. DeRosa

1731: Pension reform, growth, and the labor market in Ukraine

Michelle Riboud and Hoaquan Chu

1730: Have trade policy reforms led to greater openness in developing countries: evidence from readily available trade data

Shuby Andriamananjara and John Nash

1729: Does Mercosur's trade performance raise concerns about the effects of regional trade arrangements?

Alexander James Yeats

1728: Regional labor markets during deregulation in Indonesia: have the Outer Islands been left behind?

Chris Manning

1727: The economics of the informal sector: a simple model and some empirical evidence from Latin America

Norman Loayza

1726: Roads, population pressures, and deforestation in Thailand, 1976-89

Maureen Cropper, Charles Griffiths and Muthukumara Mani

1725: Access to long term debt and effects of firm's performance: lessons from Ecudaor

Fidel Jaramillo and Fabio Schiantarelli

1724: Debt maturity and firm performance: a panel study of Indian companies

Fabio Schiantarelli and Vivek Srivastava

1723: The productivity effects of decentralized reforms - an analysis of the Chinese industrial reforms

Lixin Xu

1722: Uncertainty, instability, and irreversible investment: theory, evidence, and lessons for Africa

Luis Servén

1721: EU (European Union) accession of central and eastern Europe: bridging the income gap

Luca Barbone and Juan Zalduendo

1720: The distribution of foreign direct investment in China

Harry G. Broadman and Xiaolun Sun

1719: Shifting responsibility for social services as enterprises privatize in Belarus

David Sewell

1718: Does environmental regulation matter? Determinants of the location of new manufacturing plants in India in 1994

Muthukumara Mani, Sheoli Pargal and Mainul Huq

1717: Do labor market regulations affect labor earnings in Ecuador?

Donna MacIsaac and Martin Rama

1716: Reforming pensions in Zambia: an analysis of existing schemes and options for reform

Monika Queisser, Clive Bailey and John Woodall

1715: The evolution of poverty and welfare in Nigeria, 1985-92

Sudharshan Canagarajan, John Ngwafon and Saji Thomas

1714: Fiscal federalism in Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Dayton challenge

William Fox and Christine Wallich

1713: Why did Colombian private savings decline in the early 1990s?

Alejandro Lopez

1712: Demand elasticities in international trade: are they really low?

Shekhar Shah, Deepak Mishra and Arvind Panagariya

1711: Issues in comparing poverty trends over time in Cote de'Ivoire

Jones, Christine*Xiao Ye

1710: Why paper mills clean up: determinants of pollution abatement in four Asian countries

Raymond S. Hartman, Mainul Huq and David R. Wheeler

1709: Poverty comparisons with non-compatible data: theory and illustrations

Jean Lanjouw and Peter Lanjouw

1708: Has Latin America's post-reform growth been disappointing?

William Easterly, Norman Loayza and Peter Montiel

1707: Trade reorientation and productivity growth in Bulgarian enterprises

Simeon Djankov and Bernard Hoekman

1706: Monetary policy during transition: an overview

Martha De Melo and Cevdet Denizer

1705: The Polish experience with bank and enterprise restructuring

Fernando Montes-Negret and Luca Papi

1704: Citizen complaints as environmental indicators: evidence from China

Susmita Dasgupta and David Wheeler

1703: Population aging and financing of government liabilities in New Zealand

Hana Polackova

1702: Inflation in nontradables and the macroeconomic policy mix: a model with policy application to transition economies

Hana Polackova

1701: Monitoring environmental standards: do local conditions matter?

Catherine Dion, Paul Lanoie and Benoit Laplante

1700: Child nutrition, child health, and school enrollment: a longitudinal analysis

Harold Alderman, Jere Behrman, Victor Lavy and Rekha Menon

1699: The maturity structure of debt: determinants and effects on firms'performance - evidence from the United Kingdom and Italy

Fabio Schiantarelli and Alessandro Sembenelli

1698: Regulatory structure and risk and infrastructure firms: an international comparison

Ian Alexander, Colin Mayer and Helen Weeds

1697: Strategies to develop mortgage markets in transition economies

Dwight M. Jaffee and Bertrand Renaud

1696: South-North migration and trade: a survey

Maurice Schiff

1695: Are there dynamic gains from a poor-area development program?

Jyotsna Jalan and Martin Ravallion

1694: What can new survey data tell us about recent changes in distribution and poverty?

Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen

1693: Famines and economics

Martin Ravallion

1692: Regulating market risk in banks: a comparison of alternative regulatory regimes

Constantinos Stephanou

1691: Integrating the unofficial economy into the dynamics of post-socialist economies: a framework of analysis and evidence

Daniel Kaufmann and Aleksander Kaliberda

1690: Stock markets, banks, and economic growth

Ross Levine and Sara Zervos

1689: Is economic analysis of projects still useful?

Pedro Belli

1688: Risk, taxpayers, and the role of government in project finance

Michael Klein

1687: Regionalism versus multilateralism

L. Winters

1686: Institutions, financial markets, and firms'choice of debt maturity

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

1685: Macroeconomic crises and poverty monitoring: a case study for India

Gaurav Datt and Martin Ravallion

1684: The whys and why nots of export taxation

Shantayanan Devarajan, Delfin Go, Maurice Schiff and Sethaput Suthiwart-Narueput

1683: High real interest rates, guarantor risk, and bank recapitalizations

Philip L. Brock

1682: Is the"Japan Problem"real? How problems in Japan's financial sector could affect developing regions

Shigeru Otsubo*Masahiko Tsutsumi

1681: India in the global economy

Milan Brahmbhatt, T.G. Srinivasan and Kim Murrell

1680: Brazil's efficient payment system: a legacy of high inflation

Robert Listfield and Fernando Montes-Negret

1679: Trade and the accumulation and diffusion of knowledge

Pier Carlo Padoan

1678: Financial development and economic growth: views and agenda

Ross Levine

1677: Reforming Indonesia's pension system

Chad Leechor

1676: The evolution of payments in Europe, Japan, and the U.S.: lessons for emerging market economies

David B. Humphrey, Sato Setsuya, Tsurumi Masayoshi and Jukka M. Vesala

1675: Nations, conglomerates, and empires: the tradeoff between income and sovereignty

Branko Milanovic

1674: How can China provide income security for its rapidly aging population?

Barry Friedman, Estelle James, Cheikh Kane and Quei

1673: Indonesian labor legislation in a comparative perspective: a study of six APEC countries

Reema Nayar

1672: Controlling industrial pollution: a new paradigm

Shakeb Afsah, Benoit Laplante and David Wheeler

1671: Financial constraints, uses of funds, and firm growth: an international comparison

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

1670: Assessing the welfare impacts of public spending

Dominique van de Walle

1669: International capital flows: do short-term investment and direct investment differ?

Punam Chuhan, Gabriel Perez-Quiros and Helen Popper

1668: Small is beautiful: preferential trade agreements and the impact of country size, market share, efficiency, and trade policy

Maurice Schiff

1667: Dealing with commodity price uncertainty

Panos Varangis and Donald Larson

1666: Is growth in Bangladesh's rice production sustainable?

John Baffes and Madhur Gautam

1665: How important are labor markets to the welfare of the poor in Indonesia?

Andrew D. Mason and Jacqueline Baptist

1664: Pensions in Germany

Monika Queisser

1663: Internal finance and investment: another look

Cherian Samuel

1662: From learning to partnership: multinational research and development cooperation in developing countries

Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Carlo Carraro

1661: Determinants of public expenditure on infrastructure: transportation and communication

Susan Randolph, Zeljko Bogetic and Dennis Hefley

1660: Mind your P's and Q's: the cost of public investment is not the value of public capital

Lant Pritchett

1659: Unemployment insurance in Algeria: implications for a labor market in transition

Elizabeth Ruppert

1658: Decentralized structures for providing roads: a cross-country comparison

Frannie Humplick and Azadeh Moini-Araghi

1657: Is there an optimal structure for decentralized provision of roads?

Frannie Humplick and Azadeh Moini-Araghi

1656: The investment decision: a re-examination of competing theories using panel data

Cherian Samuel

1655: Uncertainty and the price for crude oil reserves

Timothy J. Considine and Donald Larson

1654: Indonesia's palm oil subsector

Donald Larson

1653: Grants and debt forgiveness in Africa: a descriptive analysis

Leonardo Hernandez and Saori N. Katada

1652: Intra-industry trade, foreign direct investment, and the reorientation of Eastern European exports

Bernard Hoekman and Simeon Djankov

1651: Bank-led restructuring in Poland: bankruptcy and its alternatives

Cheryl W. Gray and Arnold Holle

1650: Bank-led restructuring in Poland: an empirical look at the bank conciliation process

Cheryl W. Gray and Arnold Holle

1649: Economic regulation of water companies

Michael Klein

1648: The lender of last resort function under a currency board: the case of Argentina

Gerard Caprio, Michael Dooley, Danny Leipziger and Carl Walsh