Policy Research Working Paper Series

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2696: Firms as financial intermediaries - evidence from trade credit data

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Vojislav Maksimovic

2695: Trade credit, financial intermediary development, and industry growth

Raymond Fisman and Inessa Love

2694: Financial development and financing constraints - international evidence from the structural investment model

Inessa Love

2693: Helping people help themselves - toward a theory of autonomy-compatible help

David Ellerman

2692: Introduction to property theory - the fundamental theorems

David Ellerman

2691: Evolution of earnings and rates of returns to education in Mexico

Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

2690: Ringing in the 20th century: the effects of state monopolies, private ownership, and operating licenses on telecommunications in Europe, 1892-1914

Scott Wallsten

2689: Global trade and food safety - winners and losers in a fragmented system

John Wilson and Tsunehiro Otsuki

2688: Aid, shocks, and growth

Paul Collier and Jan Dehn

2687: Geographic patterns of land use and land intensity in the Brazilian Amazon

Kenneth M. Chomitz and Timothy Thomas

2686: Education, earnings, and inequality in Brazil, 1982-98 - implications for education policy

Andreas Blom, Lauritz Holm-Nielsen and Dorte Verner

2685: Monetary policy strategies for Latin America

Frederic Mishkin and Miguel A. Savastano

2684: From monetary targeting to inflation targeting: lessons from the industrialized countries

Frederic Mishkin

2683: Financial policies and the prevention of financial crises in emerging market economies

Frederic Mishkin

2682: Deposit insurance and financial development

Robert Cull, Lemma W. Senbet and Marco Sorge

2681: On the duration of civil war

Paul Collier, Anke Hoeffler and Mans Soderbom

2680: International cartel enforcement: lessons from the 1990s

Simon Evenett, Margaret Levenstein and Valerie Suslow

2679: Depositinsurance around the globe: where does it work?

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Edward Kane

2678: Emerging markets instability: do sovereign ratings affect country risk and stock returns?

Graciela Kaminsky and Sergio Schmukler

2677: Can local institutions reduce poverty? Rural decentralization in Burkina Faso

Paula Donnelly-Roark, Karim Ouedraogo and Xiao Ye

2676: An alternative unifying measure of welfare gains from risk-sharing

Philippe Auffret

2675: Road infrastructure concession practice in Europe

Franck Bousquet and Alain Fayard

2674: Measuring economic downside risk and severity - Growth at Risk

Yan Wang and Yudong Yao

2673: Pollution havens and foreign direct investment: dirty secret or popular myth?

Beata K. Smarzynska

2672: Do workfare participants recover quickly from retrenchment?

Martin Ravallion, Emanuela Galasso, Teodoro Lazo and Ernesto Philipp

2671: Who participates: the supply of volunteer labor and the distribution of government programs in rural Peru

Norbert Schady

2670: Stock markets, banks, and growth: correlation or causality?

Thorsten Beck and Ross Levine

2669: The impact of NAFTA and options for tax reform in Mexico

Jorge Martinez-Vazquez and Duanjie Chen

2668: Comparative life expectancy in Africa

F. Desmond McCarthy and Holger Wolf

2667: Trade reform and household welfare: the case of Mexico

Elena Ianchovichina, Alessandro Nicita and Isidro Soloaga

2666: Measuring pro-poor growth

Martin Ravallion and Shaohua Chen

2665: Measuring aggregate welfare in developing countries - How well do national accounts and surveys agree?

Martin Ravallion

2664: Does piped water reduce diarrhea for children in rural India ?

Jyotsna Jalan and Martin Ravallion

2663: Agglomeration economies and productivity in Indian industry

Somik Lall, Zmarak Shalizi and Uwe Deichmann

2662: Markups, entry regulation, and trade - Does country size matter?

Bernard Hoekman, Hiau Looi Kee and Marcelo Olarreaga

2661: The regulation of entry

Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Andrei Shleifer and Florencio Lopez de Silanes

2660: Short and long-run integration: do capital controls matter ?

Graciela Kaminsky and Sergio Schmukler

2659: Firm entry and exit, labor demand, and trade reform: evidence from Chile and Colombia

Pablo Fajnzylber, William Maloney and Eduardo Ribeiro

2658: How comparable are labor demand elasticities across countries?

Pablo Fajnzylber and William Maloney

2657: Middle-income countries - development challenges and growing global role

Dilip Ratha

2656: The ability of banks to lend to informationally opaque small businesses

Allen Berger, Leora Klapper and Gregory Udell

2655: Measuring services trade liberalization and its impact on economic growth: an illustration

Aaditya Mattoo, Randeep Rathindran and Arvind Subramanian

2654: Thirst for reform ? private sector participation in providing Mexico City's water supply

Luke Haggarty, Penelope Brook and Ana Maria Zuluaga

2653: The impact of farm credit in Pakistan

Shahidur Khandker and Rashidur R. Faruqee

2652: Demand for World Bank lending

Dilip Ratha

2651: China's growth and poverty reduction - trends between 1990 and 1999

Shaohua Chen and Yan Wang

2650: Sources of China's economic growth, 1952-99: incorporating human capital accumulation

Yan Wang and Yudong Yao

2649: The impact of the AIDS epidemic on the health of the elderly in Tanzania

Martha Ainsworth and Julia Dayton

2648: Methodologies to measure the gender dimensions of crime and violence

Elizabeth Shrader

2647: The politics of monetary sector cooperation among the Economic Community of West African States members

Chibuike U. Uche

2646: Foreign direct investment and integration into global production and distribution networks: the case of Poland

Bartlomiej Kaminski and Beata K. Smarzynska

2645: Inequality convergence

Martin Ravallion

2644: Local institutions, poverty, and household welfare in Bolivia

Christiaan Grootaert and Deepa Narayan

2643: Dollarization and semi-dollarization in Ecuador

Paul Beckerman

2642: Does the exchange rate regime affect macroeconomic performance: evidence from transition economics

Ilker Domac, Kyle Peters and Yevgeny Yuzefovich

2641: Is Russia restructuring ? new evidence on job creation and destruction

Harry G. Broadman and Francesca Recanatini

2640: Where has all the foreign investment gone in Russia?

Harry G. Broadman and Francesca Recanatini

2639: Public policy toward nongovernmental organizations in developing countries

William Jack

2638: On financing global and international public goods

Todd Sandler

2637: Technical efficiency gains from port reform: the potential for yardstick competition in Mexico

Antonio Estache, Marianela Gonzalez and Lourdes Trujillo

2636: Processes, information, and accounting gaps in the regulation of Argentina's private railways

Javier Campos, Antonio Estache and Lourdes Trujillo

2635: Optimal use of carbon sequestration in a global climate change strategy: is there a wooden bridge to a clean energy future ?

Franck Lecocq and Kenneth Chomitz

2634: Chile's regional arrangements and the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas: the importance of market access

Glenn Harrison, Thomas Rutherford and David Tarr

2633: Bank privatization in Argentina: a model of political constraints and differential outcomes

George Clarke and Robert Cull

2632: Human capital and growth: the recovered role of education systems

Sebastien Dessus

2631: Pension reform in Hungary: a preliminary assessment

Roberto Rocha and Dimitri Vittas

2630: Parallel imports of pharmaceutical products in the European Union

Mattias Ganslandt and Keith Maskus

2629: Bridging the digital divide - how enterprise ownership and foreign competition affect Internet access in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

George Clarke

2628: Monopoly power and distribution in fragmented markets: the case of groundwater

Jacoby, Hanan G.*Murgai, Rinku*Rehman, Saeed Ur

2627: With the help of one's neighbors - externalities in the production of nutrition in Peru

Harold Alderman, Jesko Hentschel and Ricardo Sabates

2626: Mandatory severance pay: its coverage and effects in Peru

Donna MacIsaac and Martin Rama

2625: Australia's experience with local content programs in the auto industry - lessons for India and other developing countries

Garry Pursell

2624: Are incentives everything? payment mechanisms for health care providers in developing countries

Varun Gauri

2623: Trade liberalization in China's accession to the World Trade Organization

Elena Ianchovichina and Will Martin

2622: Community programs and women's participation: the Chinese experience

David Coady, Xinyi Dai and Limin Wang

2621: Does Indonesia have a"low-pay"civil service?

Deon Filmer and David L. Lindauer

2620: Who owns the media?

Simeon Djankov, Caralee McLeish, Tatiana Nenova and Andrei Shleifer

2619: Do Banks provision for bad loans in good times? empirical evidence and policy implications

Michele Cavallo and Giovanni Majnoni

2618: Globalization and the challenge for developing countries

Shahid Yusuf

2617: Shanghai rising in a globalizing world

Shahid Yusuf and Weiping Wu

2616: Reforming land and real estate markets

Ahmed Galal and Omar Razzaz

2615: Trade, growth, and poverty

David Dollar and Aart Kraay

2614: South-South regional integration and industrial growth: the case of the Andean Pact

Dorsati H. Madani

2613: Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction

Michael Klein, Carl Aaron and Bita Hadjimichael

2612: Contractual savings, capital markets, and firms'financing choices

Alberto R. Musalem, Gregorio Impavido and Thierry Tressel

2611: Trade and production fragmentation: Central European economies in European Union networks of production and marketing

Bartlomiej Kaminski and Francis Ng

2610: Crisis and contagion in East Asia: nine lessons

Masahiro Kawai, Richard S. Newfarmer and Sergio Schmukler

2609: Financial dependence and international trade

Thorsten Beck

2608: Financial development and international trade: is there a link?

Thorsten Beck

2607: The economic control of infectious diseases

Mark Gersovitz and Jeffrey Hammer

2606: Exchange rate risk management: evidence from East Asia

Leora Klapper

2605: The macroeconomic impact of bank capital requirements in emerging economies - past evidence to assess the future

Maria Chiuri, Giovanni Ferri and Giovanni Majnoni

2604: Eliminating excessive tariffs on exports of least developed countries

Bernard Hoekman, Francis Ng and Marcelo Olarreaga

2603: How the quality of institutions affects technological deepening in developing countries

George Clarke

2602: Sugar policy and reform

Donald Larson and Brent Borrell

2601: The WTO agreement and telecommunications policy reform

Peter Cowhey and Mikhail Klimenko

2600: Rent-sharing, hold-up, and manufacturing wages in Cote d'Ivoire

Jean-Paul Azam and Catherine Ris

2599: State ownership and labor redundancy - estimates based on enterprise-level data from Vietnam

Patrick Belser and Martin Rama

2598: Weightless machines and costless knowledge - an empirical analysis of trade and technology diffusion

Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Isidro Soloaga

2597: Measuring the impact of minimum wages: evidence from Latin America

William Maloney, Jairo Nunez, Wendy Cunningham, Norbert Fiess, Claudio Montenegro, Edmundo Murrugarra, Mauricio Santamaria and Claudia Sepulveda