Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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9306: Using Machine Learning to Assess Yield Impacts of Crop Rotation: Combining Satellite and Statistical Data for Ukraine

Klaus Deininger, Daniel Ayalew Ali, Nataliia Kussul, Mykola Lavreniuk and Oleg Nivievskyi

9305: Impact of Financial Incentives and the Role of Information and Communication in Last-Mile Delivery of Textbooks in Zambia

Seo Yeon Hong, Xiaonan Cao and Mupuwaliywa Mupuwaliywa

9304: International Benchmarking for Country Economic Diagnostics: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Subal Kumbhakar, Norman Loayza and Vivian Norambuena

9303: Demystifying the Costs of Electricity Generation Technologies

Govinda Timilsina

9302: Tax Competition: Is It a Source of the Corporate Savings Glut?

Atsushi Kawamoto and Kei Muraki

9301: Transforming Finance in the Middle East and North Africa

Rabah Arezki and Lemma W. Senbet

9300: What Are the Poverty and Inequality Impacts of Fiscal Policy in Turkey ?

Pablo Facundo Cuevas, Leonardo Ramiro Lucchetti and Metin Nebiler

9299: Attracting Private Solutions and Participation in the Power Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Findings from a Survey of Investors and Financiers

Benedict Sebastian Probst, Richard Holcroft, Joern Thorsten Huenteler, Ani Balabanyan, Andrew Tipping and Peter Robinson

9298: China's Productivity Slowdown and Future Growth Potential

Loren Brandt, John Litwack, Elitza Mileva, Luhang Wang, Yifan Zhang and Luan Zhao

9297: Power System Implications of Subsidy Removal, Regional Electricity Trade, and Carbon Constraints in MENA Economies

Govinda Timilsina and Ilka Fabiana Deluque Curiel

9296: Growth and Risk: A View from International Trade

Pravin Krishna, Andrei Levchenko and William Maloney

9295: Women in the Pipeline: A Dynamic Decomposition of Firm Pay Gaps

Jishnu Das and Clement Jean Edouard Joubert

9294: Why Are So Many Children Stunted in the Philippines ?

Mario V. Capanzana, Gabriel Demombynes and Paul Michael Gubbins

9293: Rent-Seeking Activities, Misallocation, and Innovation in Argentina

Gabriel Zaourak

9292: Changes in Female Employment in Mexico: Demographics, Economics, and Policies

Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo, Samuel Freije-Rodriguez, Mexico Alberto Vergara Bahena and Diego Cardozo Medeiros

9291: Examining the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in India through Daily Electricity Consumption and Nighttime Light Intensity

Robert Beyer, Sebastian Franco Bedoya and Virgilio Galdo

9290: A Decade after the 2009 Global Recession: Macroeconomic Developments

Wee Chian Koh and Shu Yu

9289: A Decade after the 2009 Global Recession: Macroeconomic and Financial Sector Policies

Wee Chian Koh and Shu Yu

9288: Technology in the Classroom and Learning in Secondary Schools

Moussa Blimpo, Ousman Gajigo, Solomon Owusu, Ryoko Tomita and Yanbin Xu

9287: Reversal of Fortune for Political Incumbents after Oil Shocks

Rabah Arezki, Simeon Djankov, Ha Nguyen and Ivan Yotzov

9286: Does Corruption Hurt Employment Growth of Financially Constrained Firms More ?

Mohammad Amin and Yew Chong Soh

9285: Productivity Growth and Efficiency Dynamics of Korean Structural Transformation

Hyeok Jeong

9284: Simulating the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A Set of Global Estimates

João Pedro Azevedo, Amer Hasan, Diana Goldemberg, Syedah Aroob Iqbal and Koen Martijn Geven

9283: The Evolution of Deep Trade Agreements

Aaditya Mattoo, Nadia Rocha and Michele Ruta

9282: Inclusion in Indonesia's Education Sector: A Subnational Review of Gender Gaps and Children with Disabilities

Rythia Afkar, Noah Bunce Yarrow, Soedarti Surbakti and Rachel Danielle Cooper

9281: Exports and Productivity: The Role of Imported Inputs and Investment in R&D

Ruchita Manghnani

9280: Community Engagement in Schools: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Pakistan

Salman Asim and Amina Riaz

9279: Long-Term Shifts in Korean Manufacturing and Plant-Level Productivity Dynamics

Yoonsoo Lee

9278: Malaysia's Economic Growth and Transition to High Income: An Application of the World Bank Long Term Growth Model (LTGM)

Sharmila Devadas, Jorge P. Guzman, Young Eun Kim, Norman Loayza and Steven Michael Pennings

9277: Lives and Livelihoods: Estimates of the Global Mortality and Poverty Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Benoît Decerf, Francisco Ferreira, Daniel Gerszon Mahler and Olivier Sterck

9276: Debt Intolerance: Threshold Level and Composition

Hideaki Matsuoka

9275: Female Business Leaders, Business and Cultural Environment, and Productivity around the World

Sheng Fang, Chorching Goh, Mark Roberts, Lixin Xu and Albert G. Zeufack

9274: Method Matters: Underreporting of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria and Rwanda

Claire Cullen

9273: Covariate Shocks and Child Undernutrition: A Review of Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Zelalem Debebe and Dhushyanth Raju

9272: Improved Biomass Cookstove Use in the Longer Run: Results from a Field Experiment in Rural Ethiopia

Alemu Mekonnen, Abebe D. Beyene, Randall Bluffstone, Sahan Dissanayake, Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Daniel LaFave, Peter Martinsson and Michael Toman

9271: Power to the Fiscal ? An Exploration of the Use of Credit Ratings to Estimate the Expected Cost of a Guarantee of a Power-Purchase Agreement

Cigdem Aslan and Tim Irwin

9270: The Important Role of Equivalence Scales: Household Size, Composition, and Poverty Dynamics in the Russian Federation

Kseniya Abanokova, Hai-Anh Dang and Michael Lokshin

9269: Demand for Safe Spaces: Avoiding Harassment and Stigma

Florence Kondylis, Arianna Legovini, Kate Vyborny, Astrid Maria Theresia Zwager and Luiza Cardoso De Andrade

9268: Winners and Losers from COVID-19: Global Evidence from Google Search

Kibrom Abay, Kibrom Tafere and Andinet Woldemichael

9267: Informality, Consumption Taxes and Redistribution

Pierre Jean Bachas, Lucie Gadenne and Anders Jensen

9266: Job Creation and Demand for Skills in Kosovo: What Can We Learn from Job Portal Data?

Calogero Brancatelli, Alicia Charlene Marguerie and Stefanie Koettl-Brodmann

9265: The Evolution of Services Trade Policy Since the Great Recession

Ingo Borchert, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Juan A. Marchetti and Aaditya Mattoo

9264: Applied Services Trade Policy: A Guide to the Services Trade Policy Database and the Services Trade Restrictions Index

Ingo Borchert, Batshur Gootiiz, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Juan A. Marchetti, Aaditya Mattoo, Ester Rubio and Evgeniia Shannon

9263: Measuring Employment: Experimental Evidence from Urban Ghana

Rachel Heath, Ghazala Mansuri, Bob Rijkers, William Hutchins Seitz and Dhiraj Sharma

9262: Analyzing Flooding Impacts on Rural Access to Hospitals and Other Critical Services in Rural Cambodia Using Geo-Spatial Information and Network Analysis

Xavier Espinet Alegre, Zuzana Stanton-Geddes and Sadig Aliyev

9261: The Transformative Effects of Privatization in China: A Natural Experiment Based on Politician Career Concern

Zhangkai Huang, Jinyu Liu, Guangrong Ma and Lixin Xu

9260: COVID-19 Mortality in Rich and Poor Countries: A Tale of Two Pandemics ?

Philip Schellekens and Diego M. Sourrouille

9259: Measuring Monetary Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: Data Gaps and Different Options to Address Them

Aziz Atamanov, Sharad Tandon, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo and Mexico Alberto Vergara Bahena

9258: Infrastructure, Economic Growth, and Poverty: A Review

Govinda Timilsina, Gal Hochman and Ze Song

9257: The Sooner, the Better: The Early Economic Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Michael Lokshin and Iván Torre

9256: Pull Your Small Area Estimates up by the Bootstraps

Paul Corral Rodas, Isabel Molina and Minh Nguyen

9255: The Insights and Illusions of Consumption Measurements

Erich Battistin, Michele De Nadai and Nandini Krishnan

9254: Does Better Information Curb Customs Fraud?

Cyril Romain Chalendard, Alice Duhaut, Ana Fernandes, Aaditya Mattoo, Gaël Raballand and Bob Rijkers

9253: Covid-19 and Food Protectionism: The Impact of the Pandemic and Export Restrictions on World Food Markets

Alvaro Espitia, Nadia Rocha and Michele Ruta

9252: Remote-learning, Time-Use, and Mental Health of Ecuadorian High-School Studentsduring the COVID-19 Quarantine

Igor Asanov, Francisco Flores, David McKenzie, Mona Mensmann and Mathis Schulte

9251: Transformational Climate Finance: Donors' Willingness to Support Deep and Transformational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions in Lower-Income Countries

Jon Strand

9250: Gender Bias and Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Theory and Evidence from China and India

M. Shahe Emran, Hanchen Jiang and Forhad Shilpi

9249: A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India

Luis Andres, Saubhik Deb, George Joseph, Marna Isabel Larenas and Jonathan Grabinsky Zabludovsky

9248: Locking Crops to Unlock Investment: Experimental Evidence on Warrantage in Burkina Faso

Clara Delavallade and Susan Godlonton

9247: Nowcasting Economic Activity in Times of COVID-19: An Approximation from the Google Community Mobility Report

James Sampi and Charl Jooste

9246: Lost Wages: The COVID-19 Cost of School Closures

George Psacharopoulos, Victoria Collis, Harry Patrinos and Emiliana Vegas

9245: Study of the Distributional Performance of Piped Water Consumption Subsidies in 10 Developing Countries

Laura Abramovsky, Luis Andres, George Joseph, Juan Pablo Rud, German Eduardo Sember and Michael David Thibert

9244: Cross-Region Transfers in a Monetary Union: Evidence from the US and Some Implications

Steven Michael Pennings

9243: Early-Life Access to a Basic Health Care Program and Adult Outcomes in Indonesia

Md Nazmul Ahsan, Rakesh Banerjee and Riddhi Maharaj

9242: Determinants of Social Distancing and Economic Activity during COVID-19: A Global View

William Maloney and Temel Taskin

9241: Jobs' Amenability to Working from Home: Evidence from Skills Surveys for 53 Countries

Maho Hatayama, Mariana Viollaz and Hernan Winkler

9240: When Face-to-Face Interactions Become an Occupational Hazard: Jobs in the Time of COVID-19

Besart Avdiu and Gaurav Nayyar

9239: Survival of Firms during Economic Crisis

Erica Bosio, Simeon Djankov, Filip Jolevski and Rita Ramalho

9238: Once NEET, Always NEET ? A Synthetic Panel Approach to Analyze the Moroccan Labor Market

Federica Alfani, Fabio Clementi, Michele Fabiani, Vasco Molini and Enzo Valentini

9237: Migration and Asset Accumulation in South India: Comparing Gains to Internal and International Migration from Kerala

Ganesh Kumar Seshan

9236: Financing Firms in Hibernation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Tatiana Didier, Federico Huneeus, Mauricio Larrain and Sergio Schmukler

9235: Welfare and Fiscal Implications from Increased Gasoline Prices in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Aziz Atamanov, Mohammadhadi Mostafavi Dehzooei and Matthew Grant Wai-Poi

9234: Trade Facilitation in Services: Concepts and Empirical Importance

Erik van der Marel and Ben Shepherd

9233: Trade Facilitation in Services: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

Ian John Douglas Gillson, Martin Molinuevo and Juan Sebastian Saez

9232: Cabinet Size and Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Joachim Hans-Georg Wehner and Linnea Cecilia Mills

9231: Welfare Dynamics in India over a Quarter Century: Poverty, Vulnerability, and Mobility during 1987-2012

Hai-Anh Dang and Peter Lanjouw

9230: The Welfare Effects of Mobile Broadband Internet: Evidence from Nigeria

Kalvin Bahia, Pau Castells, Genaro Cruz, Takaaki Masaki, Xavier Pedros, Tobias Pfutze, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan and Hernan Winkler

9229: Investment Facilitation and Mode 3 Trade in Services: Are Current Discussions Addressing the Key Issues ?

Roberto Echandi and Pierre Sauve

9228: Facilitating Trade in Services

Bernard Hoekman

9227: Liberalizing versus Facilitating Mode 4 Trade in Services

Anirudh Shingal

9226: Demand-Driven Youth Training Programs: Experimental Evidence from Mongolia

Soyolmaa Batbekh, Altantsetseg Batchuluun, Bayarmaa Dalkhjav and Jose Galdo

9225: How Does the World Bank Influence the Development Policy Priorities of Low-Income and Lower-Middle Income Countries ?

Stephen Knack, Bradley Christopher Parks, Ani Harutyunyan and Matthew DiLorenzo

9224: Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Marie Caitriona Hyland, Asif Islam and Silvia Muzi

9223: Building Resilient Health Systems: Experimental Evidence from Sierra Leone and the 2014 Ebola Outbreak

Darin Eugene Christensen, Oeindrila Dube, Johannes Haushofer, Bilal Siddiqi and Maarten Jan Voors

9222: Estimating Poverty among Refugee Populations: A Cross-Survey Imputation Exercise for Chad

Theresa Beltram, Hai-Anh Dang, Ibrahima-000535387 Sarr and Paolo Verme

9221: Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure: Evidence from the Netherlands

Bo Andree

9220: Strengthening Public Health Systems: Policy Ideas from a Governance Perspective

Stuti Khemani, Sarang Chaudhary and Thiago Scot

9219: Explaining Differences in the Returns to R&D in Argentina: The Role of Contextual Factors and Complementarities

Valeria Luciana Arza, Xavier Cirera, Agustina Colonna and Emanuel Lopez

9218: Exporters Dynamics and the Role of Imports in Argentina

Matias Arnoletto, Sebastian Franco Bedoya and Jose Daniel Reyes

9217: "She Helps Me All the Time": Underestimating Women's Economic Engagement in Rural Honduras

Miriam Muller and Liliana Do Couto Sousa

9216: Who Benefits from Better Roads and Why ? Mixed Methods Analysis of the Gender-Disaggregated Impacts of a Rural Roads Project in Vietnam

Aneesh Mannava, Elizaveta Perova and Phuong Thi Minh Tran

9215: Leader Value Added: Assessing the Growth Contribution of Individual National Leaders

William R. Easterly and Steven Michael Pennings

9214: The Learning Challenge in the 21st Century

Harry Patrinos

9213: Spatial Gaps in Management Quality: Evidence from a Lagging Region in Croatia

Arti Goswami Grover, Leonardo Iacovone and Pavel Chakraborty

9212: Price Controls: Good Intentions, Bad Outcomes

Justin-Damien Guenette

9211: The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on GDP and Trade: A Preliminary Assessment

Maryla Maliszewska, Aaditya Mattoo and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe

9210: The Effects of Local Market Concentration and International Competition on Firm Productivity: Evidence from Mexico

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Luis Lopez-Calva and Oscar Eduardo Barriga Cabanillas

9209: Distributional Effects of Intergovernmental Transfers in Mexico

Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Kiyomi E. Cadena and Laura Liliana Moreno Herrera

9208: Moving Up the Ladder: An Analysis of IDA Graduation Policy

Anton Dobronogov, Stephen Knack and James Michael Wilson

9207: Sophisticated Policy with Naive Agents: Habit Formation and Piped Water in Vietnam

Quy-Toan Do and Hanan Jacoby