Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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8830: Financial Inclusion in the Europe and Central Asia Region: Recent Trends and a Research Agenda

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Bingjie Hu and Leora Klapper

8829: Trade Wars: What Do They Mean ? Why Are They Happening Now ? What Are the Costs ?

Aaditya Mattoo and Robert W. Staiger

8828: Auction Length and Prices: Evidence from Random Auction Closing in Brazil

Alexandre Borges De Oliveira, Abdoulaye Fabregas Masllovet and Mihaly Fazekas

8827: Labor Market Impacts and Responses: The Economic Consequences of a Marine Environmental Disaster

Trung Xuan Hoang, Duong Le, Ha Nguyen and Nguyen Vuong

8826: Can Scholarships Increase High School Graduation Rates ? Evidence from A Randomized Control Trial in Mexico

Rafael De Hoyos, Orazio Pietro Attanasio and Costas Meghir

8825: Trading off the Income Gains and the Inequality Costs of Trade Policy

Erhan Artuc, Bob Rijkers and Guido Porto

8824: Impact of Fiscal Policy on Inequality and Poverty in the Arab Republic of Egypt

Gabriel Lara Ibarra, Nistha Sinha, Rana Nayer Safwat Fayez and Jon Robbert Jellema

8823: Food Prices, Access to Markets and Child Undernutrition in Ethiopia

Paul Brenton and Mike Nyawo

WSP8822: Does School Safety and Classroom Disciplinary Climate Hinder Learning ? Evidence from the MENA Region

Paul Marie Michel Cahu and Manal Bakur N Quota

8821: Do Information Technologies Improve Teenagers'Sexual Education ? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Colombia

Alberto Chong, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro, Dean Karlan and Martín Valdivia

8820: Learning from Power Sector Reform: The Case of Uganda

Catrina Godinho and Anton Adriaan Eberhard

8819: Learning from Power Sector Reform: The Case of Kenya

Catrina Godinho and Anton Adriaan Eberhard

8818: Inequality in the Quality of Health Services: Wealth, Content of Care, and Price of Antenatal Consultations in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Günther Fink, Eeshani Kandpal and Gil Shapira

8817: How Mass Immigration Affects Countries with Weak Economic Institutions: A Natural Experiment in Jordan

Alex Nowrasteh, Andrew Forrester and Cole Blondin

8816: Education Spillovers in Farm Productivity: Revisiting the Evidence

Véronique Gille

8815: Assessing the Value of Market Access from Belt and Road Projects

Tristan Reed and Alexandr Trubetskoy

8814: The Belt and Road Initiative: Economic, Poverty and Environmental Impacts

Maryla Maliszewska and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe

8813: Evolution of Poor Food Access over the Course of the Conflict in the Republic of Yemen

Sharad Tandon and Tara Vishwanath

8812: Famine and the Aid Response: Evidence from the Announcement of Famine-Like Conditions in the Republic of Yemen

Sharad Tandon and Tara Vishwanath

8811: E-Commerce Participation and Household Income Growth in Taobao Villages

Xubei Luo and Chiyu Niu

8810: E-Commerce Development and Household Consumption Growth in China

Xubei Luo, Yue-000541442 Wang and Xiaobo Zhang

8809: From Currency Depreciation to Trade Reform: How to Take Egyptian Exports to New Levels?

Hoda Youssef and Chahir Zaki

8808: Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Health: A Global Stocktake

Adam Wagstaff, Patrick Eozenou and Marc-Francois Smitz

8807: The Belt and Road Initiative: Reshaping Economic Geography in Central Asia?

Julia Bird, Mathilde Lebrand and Anthony Venables

8806: Who Wins, Who Loses ? Understanding the Spatially Differentiated Effects of the Belt and Road Initiative

Somik V. Lall and Mathilde Lebrand

8805: Distributional Effects of Tobacco Taxation: A Comparative Analysis

Alan Fuchs, Maria Fernanda Gonzalez Icaza and Daniela Paula Paz

8804: Measuring What Matters in Global Value Chains and Value-Added Trade

Alessandro Borin and Michele Mancini

8803: Family Firms and Contractual Institutions

Leonardo Iacovone, William Maloney and Nick Tsivanidis

8802: What Works to Reduce Inequalities in Higher Education ? A Systematic Review of the (Quasi-)Experimental Literature on Outreach and Financial Aid

Estelle Herbaut and Koen Martijn Geven

8801: Common Transport Infrastructure: A Quantitative Model and Estimates from the Belt and Road Initiative

François de Soyres, Alen Mulabdic and Michele Ruta

8800: Rural Roads, Poverty, and Resilience: Evidence from Ethiopia

Shohei Nakamura, Tom Bundervoet and Mohammed Nuru

8799: Micro-Equity for Microenterprises

Suresh De Mel, David McKenzie and Christopher Woodruff

8798: Accounting for Regional Differences in Mother and Child Health: Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Jharkhand

Susmita Dasgupta and David J. Wheeler

8797: Of Governance and Revenue: Participatory Institutions and Tax Compliance in Brazil

Michael Ryan Touchton, Brian Wampler and Tiago Carneiro Peixoto

8796: Electrification and Women's Empowerment: Evidence from Rural India

Hussain A. Samad and Fan Zhang

8795: Mangroves for Coastal Protection: Evidence from Hurricanes in Central America

Alejandro Del Valle, Mathilda Eriksson, Oscar Anil Ishizawa Escudero and Juan Jose Miranda

8794: Debt in Low-Income Countries: Evolution, Implications, and Remedies

Sebastian Michael Essl, Sinem Kilic Celik, Patrick Alexander Kirby and Andre Proite

8793: Import Uncertainty and Export Dynamics

Mariana Vijil, Laurent Wagner and Martha Tesfaye Woldemichael

8790: Estimation of the ex ante Distribution of Returns for a Portfolio of U.S. Treasury Securities via Deep Learning

Andrea Foresti

8789: Returns to Investment in Education: The Case of Turkey

Harry Patrinos, George Psacharopoulos and Aysıt Tansel

8788: Firm Dynamics, Job Outcomes, and Productivity: South African Formal Businesses, 2010-14

Reyes Aterido, Ayanda Hlatshwayo, Duncan Pieterse and Andre Steenkamp

8787: Swept by the Tide ? The International Comovement of Capital Flows

Luis Fernandez Lafuerza and Luis Serven

8786: Adding Space to the International Business Cycle

Girum Dagnachew Abate and Luis Serven

8785: Inflation Expectations: Review and Evidence

Ayhan Kose, Hideaki Matsuoka, Ugo Panizza and Dana Lauren Vorisek

8784: Why Do Fiscal Multipliers Depend on Fiscal Positions?

Raju Huidrom, Ayhan Kose, Jamus Lim and Franziska Ohnsorge

8783: Are Management Practices Failing or Aiding the Private Sector in South America?

Marie Caitriona Hyland, David C. Francis and Jorge Rodriguez Meza

8782: The Three-Gap Model of Health Worker Performance

Fabliha Ibnat, Kenneth Leonard, Luke Bawo and Rianna L. Mohammed-Roberts

8781: Firms'and States'Responses to Laxer Environmental Standards

Tito Cordella and Shantayanan Devarajan

8780: Inflation and Exchange Rate Pass-Through

Jongrim Ha, Marc Stocker and Hakan Yilmazkuday

8779: Employment in South Asia: A New Dataset

Robert Beyer, Milagros Alejandra Chocce Falla and Martin Rama

8778: Low Tax Jurisdictions and Preferential Regimes: Policy Gaps in Developing Economies

Jonathan Leigh Pemberton and Jan Loeprick

8777: Drivers of Gross Capital Inflows: Which Factors Are More Important for Sub-Saharan Africa?

Cesar Calderon, Punam Chuhan-Pole and Megumi Kubota

8776: Estimating Small Area Population Density Using Survey Data and Satellite Imagery: An Application to Sri Lanka

Ryan Engstrom, David Newhouse and Vidhya Soundararajan

8775: International Willingness to Pay for the Protection of the Amazon Rainforest

Juha Veikko Siikamaki, Alan Jeff Krupnick, Jon Strand and Jeffrey Vincent

8774: Pioneering Firms in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States: Why and How Development Finance Institutions Should Support Them

Paul Collier, Neil Gregory and Alexandros Ragoussis

8773: Mobilizing Resources for Education and Improving Spending Effectiveness: Establishing Realistic Benchmarks Based on Past Trends

Samer Al-Samarrai, Pedro Cerdan-Infantes and Jonathan David Lehe

8772: Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of Peru

Hugh Rudnick and Constantin Velasquez

8771: Learning from Developing Country Power Market Experiences: The Case of Colombia

Hugh Rudnick and Constantin Velasquez

8770: Input Substitutability and Cross-Country Variation in Sectoral Linkages

Rishabh Sinha

8769: Morocco's Growth and Employment Prospects: Public Policies to Avoid the Middle-Income Trap

Emmanuel Pinto Moreira

8768: Global Inflation Synchronization

Jongrim Ha, Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge

8767: Active Trading and (Poor) Performance: The Social Transmission Channel

Laura Manuela Escobar Pradilla and Alvaro Pedraza

8766: The Nutrition Sensitivity of Food and Agriculture in South Asia

Felipe Fadullon Dizon, Anna Josephson and Dhushyanth Raju

8765: Fiscal Incidence in Ukraine: A Commitment to Equity Analysis

Kateryna Bornukova, Nataliia Leshchenko and Mikhail Matytsin

8764: Migration and Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa

Jan David Bakker, Christopher Robert Parsons and Ferdinand Rauch

8763: Business Regulations and Poverty

Simeon Djankov, Dorina Peteva Georgieva and Rita Ramalho

8762: Growing a Developing City: A Computable Spatial General Equilibrium Model Applied to Dhaka

Julia Bird and Anthony Venables

8761: Understanding Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies

Jongrim Ha, Ayhan Kose and Franziska Ohnsorge

8760: The Economic Lives of Young Women in the Time of Ebola: Lessons from an Empowerment Program

Oriana Bandiera, Niklas Buehren, Markus Goldstein, Imran Rasul and Andrea Smurra

8759: How Household Characteristics Shape Program Access and Asset Accumulation: A Mixed Method Analysis of the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme in Rwanda

Justine Gatzinsi, Renate Sieglinde Hartwig, Lindsay Suzanne Mossman, Umutoni Marie Francoise, Isimbi Roberte and Laura B. Rawlings

8758: From Ghana to America: The Skill Content of Jobs and Economic Development

Salvatore Lo Bello, Maria Laura Sanchez Puerta and Hernan Winkler

8757: Pollution and Expenditures in a Penalized Vector Spatial Autoregressive Time Series Model with Data-Driven Networks

Bo Andree, Phoebe Girouard Spencer, Sardar Azari, Andres Chamorro, Dieter Wang and Harun Dogo

8756: Environment and Development: Penalized Non-Parametric Inference of Global Trends in Deforestation, Pollution and Carbon

Bo Andree, Phoebe Girouard Spencer, Andres Chamorro and Harun Dogo

8755: Integration and Price Transmission in Key Food Commodity Markets in India

Mauro Boffa and Gonzalo Varela

8754: Are Public Sector Workers in Developing Countries Overpaid ? Evidence from a New Global Data Set

Thomas (Tim) Gindling, Zahid Hasnain, David Newhouse and Rong Shi

8753: Are Trade Preferences a Panacea?: The African Growth and Opportunity Act and African Exports

Ana Fernandes, Alejandro Forero, Hibret Maemir and Aaditya Mattoo

8752: Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms

David Evans and Fei Yuan

8751: Household Savings in Central Eastern and Southeastern Europe: How Do Poorer Households Save?

Elisabeth Beckmann

8750: Are They Really Being Served?: Assessing Effective Infrastructure Access and Quality in 15 Kenyan Cities

Sumila Gulyani, Andrea C. Ryan Rizvi and Debabrata Talukdar

8749: Do Firms Exit the Formal Economy after a Minimum Wage Hike ?

Laurent Bossavie, Aysenur Acar and Mattia Makovec

8748: Scenarios: Leapfrog, Lock-in, and Lopsided

Michael Meir Leifman

8747: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal for Electricity Access -- Using a Multi-Scenario Approach to Understand the Cost Drivers of Power Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa

Claire Nicolas, Benjamin Samson and Julie Rozenberg

8746: Assessing Rural Accessibility and Rural Roads Investment Needs Using Open Source Data

Mehdi Mikou, Julie Rozenberg, Elco Eduard Koks, Charles James Edward Fox and Tatiana Peralta Quiros

8745: Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century

Robert John Nicholls, Jochen Hinkel, Daniel Lincke and Thomas van der Pol

8744: Investment Needs for Irrigation Infrastructure along Different Socioeconomic Pathways

Amanda Palazzo, Hugo Valin, Miroslav Batka and Petr Havlík

8743: Parental Beliefs, Investments, and Child Development: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment

Pedro Carneiro, Emanuela Galasso, Italo Lopez Garcia, Paula Bedregal and Miguel Cordero

8742: Measuring Human Capital

Noam Angrist, Simeon Djankov, Pinelopi Goldberg and Harry Patrinos

8741: Does Automation in Rich Countries Hurt Developing Ones?: Evidence from the U.S. and Mexico

Erhan Artuc, Luc Christiaensen and Hernan Winkler

8740: Pollution and City Competitiveness: A Descriptive Analysis

Nancy Lozano Gracia and Maria Edisa Soppelsa

8739: Does Pollution Hinder Urban Competitiveness ?

Matthew Kahn, Nancy Lozano Gracia and Maria Edisa Soppelsa

8738: Inflation: Concepts, Evolution, and Correlates

Jongrim Ha, Anna Ivanova, Franziska Ohnsorge and Filiz Unsal

8737: Improving Access and Quality in Early Childhood Development Programs: Experimental Evidence from The Gambia

Moussa Blimpo, Pedro Carneiro, Pamela Jervis and Todd Pugatch

8736: Does Culture Matter or Firm ? Demand for Female Labor in Three Indian Cities

Maitreyi B Das, Soumya Kapoor Mehta, Ieva Zumbyte, Sanjeev Sasmal and Sangeeta Goyal

8735: Estimation of Poverty in Somalia Using Innovative Methodologies

Utz Pape and Philip Randolph Wollburg

8734: What Is State Capacity ?

Stuti Khemani

8733: Enhancing Young Children's Language Acquisition through Parent-Child Book-Sharing: A Randomized Trial in Rural Kenya

Heather Ashley Knauer, Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Frances E Aboud and Lia C.H. Fernald

8732: Sex, Lies, and Surveys: The Role of Interviewer Characteristics

Tricia Koroknay-Palicz and Joao Montalvao

8731: The Textile-Clothing Value Chain in India and Bangladesh: How Appropriate Policies Can Promote (or Inhibit) Trade and Investment

Mahfuz Kabir, Surendar Singh and Michael Joseph Ferrantino

8730: Hitting the Trillion Mark -- A Look at How Much Countries Are Spending on Infrastructure

Marianne Fay, Hyoung Il Lee, Massimo Mastruzzi, Sungmin Han and Moonkyoung Cho

8729: Why Do So Many Water Points Fail in Tanzania ? An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors

George Joseph, Luis Andres, Gnanaraj Chellaraj, Jonathan Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Sophie Charlotte Emi Ayling and Yi Rong Hoo