Policy Research Working Paper Series

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6439: Why is voluntary financial education so unpopular ? Experimental evidence from Mexico

Miriam Bruhn, Gabriel Lara Ibarra and David McKenzie

6438: A model of gendered production in colonial Africa and implications for development in the post-colonial period

Hippolyte Fofack

6437: How can safety nets contribute to economic growth ?

Harold Alderman and Ruslan Yemtsov

6436: Different dreams, same bed: collecting, using, and interpreting employment statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa -- the case of Uganda

Louise Fox and Obert Pimhidzai

6435: A helping hand or the long arm of the law ? experimental evidence on what governments can do to formalize firms

Gustavo Henrique de Andrade, Miriam Bruhn and David McKenzie

6434: Trade policy barriers: an obstacle to export diversification in Eurasia

Ana Paula Cusolito and Claire H. Hollweg

6433: Political economy of public policies: insights from distortions to agricultural and food markets

Kym Anderson, Gordon Rausser and Johan Swinnen

6432: Services linkages and the value added content of trade

Joseph Francois, Miriam Manchin and Patrick Tomberger

6431: Informality and profitability: evidence from a new firm survey in Ecuador

Denis Medvedev and Ana Maria Oviedo

6430: Energy intensive infrastructure investments with retrofits in continuous time: effects of uncertainty on energy use and carbon emissions

Nils Framstad and Jon Strand

6429: Risk sharing and internal migration

Joachim De Weerdt and Kalle Hirvonen

6428: Models of public service reform: a problem-solving approach

Willy McCourt

6427: How to avoid middle income traps ? evidence from Malaysia

Aaron Flaaen, Ejaz Ghani and Saurabh Mishra

6426: Eliciting illegal migration rates through list randomization

David McKenzie and Melissa Siegel

6425: Productivity growth in Europe

Andrea Dall'Olio, Mariana Iootty, Naoto Kanehira and Federica Saliola

6424: Potential and actual FDI spillovers in global value chains: the role of foreign investor characteristics, absorptive capacity and transmission channels

Deborah Winkler

6423: Building or bypassing recipient country systems: are donors defying the Paris declaration ?

Stephen Knack

6422: Urbanization and poverty reduction -- the role of rural diversification and secondary towns

Luc Christiaensen, Joachim De Weerdt and Yasuyuki Todo

6421: Foreign wage premium, gender and education: insights from Vietnam household surveys

Emiko Fukase

6420: Foreign job opportunities and internal migration in Vietnam

Emiko Fukase

6419: Export liberalization, job creation and the skill premium: evidence from the U.S.-Vietnam bilateral trade agreement

Emiko Fukase

6418: Schooling, violent conflict, and gender in Burundi

Philip Verwimp and Jan Van Bavel

6417: Municipal vulnerability to climate change and climate related events in Mexico

Christian Borja-Vega and Alejandro de la Fuente

6416: Financial inclusion and legal discrimination against women: evidence from developing countries

Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper and Dorothe Singer

6415: Should marginal abatement costs differ across sectors ? the effect of low-carbon capital accumulation

Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Guy Meunier and Stephane Hallegatte

6414: Is labor income responsible for poverty reduction ? a decomposition approach

João Pedro Azevedo, Gabriela Inchauste, Sergio Olivieri, Jaime Saavedra and Hernan Winkler

6413: Export entrepreneurship and trade structure in Latin America during good and bad times

Ana Fernandes, Daniel Lederman and Gutierrez-Rocha, Mario

6412: Food prices, wages, and welfare in rural India

Hanan Jacoby

6411: Estimating the half-life of theoretically founded real exchange rate misalignments

Megumi Kubota

6410: Bank bailouts, competition, and the disparate effects for borrower and depositor welfare

Cesar Calderon and Klaus Schaeck

6409: Subnational fiscal policy in large developing countries: some lessons from the 2008-09 crisis for Brazil, China and India

Shahrokh Fardoust and V.J. Ravishankar

6408: How does competition affect the performance of MFIs ? evidence from Bangladesh

Shahidur Khandker, Gayatri B. Koolwal and Shakeel Badruddoza

6407: Harnessing emotional connections to improve financial decisions: evaluating the impact of financial education in mainstream media

Gunhild Berg and Bilal Zia

6406: Joining, upgrading and being competitive in global value chains: a strategic framework

O. Cattaneo, G. Gereffi, Sebastien Miroudot and Daria Taglioni

6405: Public policy and industrial transformation in the process of development

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Hinh T. Dinh

6404: Are microcredit participants in Bangladesh trapped in poverty and debt ?

Shahidur Khandker and Hussain Samad

6403: Diasporas and outsourcing: evidence from oDesk and India

Ejaz Ghani, William Kerr and Christopher Stanton

6402: Entrepreneurship programs in developing countries: a meta regression analysis

Yoonyoung Cho and Maddalena Honorati

6401: The financing and growth of firms in China and India: evidence from capital markets

Tatiana Didier and Sergio Schmukler

6400: Rethinking the state's role in finance

Martin Cihak and Asli Demirguc-Kunt

6399: Measuring the effect of a community-level program on women's empowerment outcomes: evidence from India

Eeshani Kandpal, Kathy Baylis and Mary Arends-Kuenning

6398: Chinese firms'entry to export markets: the role of foreign export spillovers

Florian Mayneris and Sandra Poncet

6397: What is a civil war ? a critical review of its definition and (econometric) consequences

Mark Gersovitz and Norma Kriger

6396: Petroleum product pricing and complementary policies: experience of 65 developing countries since 2009

Masami Kojima

6395: Monsoon babies: rainfall shocks and child nutrition in Nepal

Sailesh Tiwari, Hanan Jacoby and Emmanuel Skoufias

6394: Rain, agriculture, and tariffs

Paulo Bastos, Odd Rune Straume and Jaime A. Urrego

6393: Food price volatility and domestic stabilization policies in developing countries

Christophe Gouel

6392: Political economy aspects of fuel subsidies: a conceptual framework

Jon Strand

6391: Human capital, tangible wealth, and the intangible capital residual

Kirk Hamilton and Gang Liu

6390: Closing rural-urban MDG gaps in low-income countries: a general equilibrium perspective

Hans Lofgren

6389: Demand versus returns ? pro-poor targeting of business grants and vocational skills training

Karen Macours, Patrick Premand and Renos Vakis

6388: European bank deleveraging and global credit conditions: implications of a multi-year process on long-term finance and beyond

Erik Feyen and Ines Gonzalez del Mazo

6387: The energy transition of the transition economies: an empirical analysis

Fan Zhang

6386: The effect of capital flows composition on output volatility

Pablo Federico, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

6385: Setting reasonable performance targets for public service delivery

John Newman and João Pedro Azevedo

6384: Fifteen years of inequality in Latin America: how have labor markets helped ?

João Pedro Azevedo, Maria Eugenia Davalos, Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina, Bernardo Atuesta and R. Castañeda

6383: Impact evaluation of free-of-charge CFL bulb distribution in Ethiopia

Peter Costolanski, Raihan Elahi, Atsushi Iimi and Rahul Kitchlu

6382: SME registration evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh

Giacomo De Giorgi and Aminur Rahman

6381: Caught in a productivity trap: a distributional perspective on gender differences in Malawian agriculture

Talip Kilic, Amparo Palacios-Lopez and Markus Goldstein

6380: Social spending, taxes and income redistribution in Uruguay

Marisa Bucheli, Nora Lustig, Maximo Rossi and Florencia Amábile

6379: Credit rating agencies in emerging democracies: Guardians of fiscal discipline ?

Marek Hanusch and Paul Vaaler

6378: How different are safeguards from antidumping ? evidence from us trade policies toward steel

Chad Bown

6377: American politics, the presidency of the World Bank, and development policy

Kathryn C. Lavelle

6376: How fit are feed-in tariff policies ? evidence from the European wind market

Fan Zhang

6375: Demand growth versus market share gains: decomposing world manufacturing import growth

M. Ataman Aksoy and Francis Ng

6374: Urbanization and (in)formalization

Ejaz Ghani and Ravi Kanbur

6373: Weight calculations for panel surveys with sub-sampling and split-off tracking

Kristen Himelein

6372: What does variation in survey design reveal about the nature of measurement errors in household consumption ?

John Gibson, Kathleen Beegle, Joachim De Weerdt and Jed Friedman

6371: Violent conflict and gender inequality: an overview

Mayra Buvinic, Monica Das Gupta, Ursula Casabonne and Philip Verwimp

6370: Gender and agriculture: inefficiencies, segregation, and low productivity traps

Andre Croppenstedt, Markus Goldstein and Nina Rosas

6369: Does gender inequality hinder development and economic growth ? evidence and policy implications

Oriana Bandiera and Ashwini Natraj

6368: Using administrative data to evaluate municipal reforms: an evaluation of the impact of Minas Facil Expresso

Miriam Bruhn and David McKenzie

6367: The income lever and the allocation of aid

Lidia Ceriani and Paolo Verme

6366: Poverty, inequality, and the local natural resource curse

Norman Loayza, Alfredo Mier y Teran and Jamele Rigolini

6365: External shocks, fiscal policy and income distribution: alternative scenarios for Moldova

Jouko Kinnunen, Hans Lofgren, Victor Sulla and Dino Merotto

6364: Using provider performance incentives to increase HIV testing and counseling services in Rwanda

Damien de Walque, Paul Gertler, Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio, Ada Kwan, Christel Vermeersch, Jean de Dieu Bizimana, Agnes Binagwaho and Jeanine Condo

6363: Does a wife's bargaining power provide more micronutrients to females: evidence from rural Bangladesh

Aminur Rahman

6362: Mass media and public policy: global evidence from agricultural policies

Alessandro Olper and Johan Swinnen

6361: The unfairness of (poverty) targets

Melanie Allwine, Jamele Rigolini and Luis Lopez-Calva

6360: Impact evaluation of a large-scale rural sanitation project in Indonesia

Lisa Cameron, Manisha Shah and Susan Olivia

6359: How reliable and consistent are subjective measures of welfare in Europe and Central Asia ? evidence from the second life in transition survey

Alexandru Cojocaru and Mame Fatou Diagne

6358: Equilibrium credit: the reference point for macroprudential supervisors

Daniel Buncic and Martin Melecký

6357: Preferential market access design: evidence and lessons from African apparel exports to the us and the EU

Jaime de Melo and Alberto Portugal-Perez

6356: Small states -- performance in public debt management

Abha Prasad, Malvina Pollock and Ying Li

6355: Vietnam's evolving poverty map: patterns and implications for policy

Peter Lanjouw, Marleen Marra and Cuong Nguyen

6354: Productivity, innovation and growth in Sri Lanka: an empirical investigation

Mark A. Dutz and Stephen D. O'Connell

6353: Making performance budgeting reform work: a case study of Korea

Nowook Park and Jae-Young Choi

6352: Government connections and financial constraints: evidence from a large representative sample of Chinese firms

Robert Cull, Wei Li, Bo Sun and Lixin Xu

6351: How much international variation in child height can sanitation explain ?

Dean Spears

6350: Notes on financial system development and political intervention

Song. Fenghua and Anjan Thakor

6349: Service sector reform and manufacturing productivity: evidence from Indonesia

Victor Duggan, Sjamsu Rahardja and Gonzalo Varela

6348: Gender equality and economic growth in Brazil: a long-run analysis

Pierre-Richard Agénor and Otaviano Canuto

6347: Integrating gravity: the role of scale invariance in gravity models of spatial interactions and trade

Jean-François Arvis

6346: Is foreign aid fungible ? evidence from the education and health sectors

Nicolas Van de Sijpe

6345: Children's health opportunities and project evaluation: Mexico's Oportunidades program

Dirk Van de gaer, Joost Vandenbossche and Jose Luis Figueroa

6344: Decomposing the labor market earnings inequality: the public and private sectors in Vietnam, 1993-2006

Clément Imbert

6343: How subjective beliefs about HIV infection affect life-cycle fertility: evidence from rural Malawi

Gil Shapira

6342: Achieving medium term expenditure framework reform: a case study of Korea

Jae-Young Choi and Nowook Park

6341: Determinants of export growth at the extensive and intensive margins: evidence from product and firm-level data for Pakistan

Jose Guilherme Reis and Daria Taglioni

6340: Cash transfers and child schooling: evidence from a randomized evaluation of the role of conditionality

Richard Akresh, Damien de Walque and Harounan Kazianga