Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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1869: Risk reduction and public spending

Shantayanan Devarajan and Jeffrey Hammer

1868: Government support to private infrastructure projects in emerging markets

Mansoor Dailami and Michael Klein

1867: Gender disparity in South Asia: comparisons between and within countries

Deon Filmer, Elizabeth King and Lant Pritchett

1866: Circumstance and choice: the role of initial conditions and policies in transition economies

Martha de Melo, Cevdet Denizer, Alan Gelb and Stoyan Tenev

1865: Pension reform in Latin America: quick fixes or sustainable reform?

Sri-Ram Aiyer

1864: Child mortality and public spending on health: how much does money matter?

Deon Filmer and Lant Pritchett

1863: Are the poor less well-insured? Evidence on vulnerability to income risk in rural China

Jyotsna Jalan and Martin Ravallion

1862: Spatial poverty traps?

Jyotsna Jalan and Martin Ravallion

1861: Infrastructure project finance and capital flows: a new perspective

Mansoor Dailami and Danny Leipziger

1860: The health effects of air pollution in Delhi, India

Maureen Cropper, Nathalie Simon, Anna Alberini and P. K. Sharma

1859: Lessons from Sao Paulo's Metropolitan Busway Concessions Program

Jorge Rebelo and Pedro Benvenuto

1858: Banking on the poor? Branch placement and nonfarm rural development in Bangladesh

Martin Ravallion and Quentin Wodon

1857: Leasing to support small businesses and microenterprises

Joselito Gallardo

1856: Surviving success: policy reform and the future of industrial pollution in China

Susmita Dasgupta, Hua Wang and David Wheeler

1855: Stabilization, adjustment, and growth prospects in transition economies

Cevdet Denizer

1854: Regulatory tradeoffs in designing concession contracts for infrastructure networks

Claude Crampes and Antonio Estache

1853: Pension reform and private pension funds in Peru and Colombia

Monika Queisser

1852: Leading indicators of currency crises

Graciela Kaminsky, Saul Lizondo and Carmen Reinhart

1851: Transportation infrastructure investments and regional trade liberalization

Eric Bond

1850: Determinants of intra-industry trade between East and West Europe

Chonira Aturupane, Simeon Djankov and Bernard Hoekman

1849: Regional integration and factor income taxation

Valeria De Bonis

1848: Regional integration and commodity tax harmonization

Valeria De Bonis

1847: Outsiders and regional trade agreements among small countries: the case of regional markets

Anju Gupta and Maurice Schiff

1846: Africa's role in multilateral trade negotiations

Zhen Kun Wang and L. Winters

1845: Employment, labor markets, and poverty in Ghana

R. Sudharshan Canagarajah and Dipak Mazumdar

1844: Child labor and schooling in Ghana

R. Sudharshan Canagarajah and Harold Coulombe

1843: Externalities and bailouts: hard and soft budget constraints in intergovernmental fiscal relations

David Wildasin

1842: Motorization and the provision of roads in countries and cities

Gregory K. Ingram and Zhi Liu

1841: Patterns of metropolitan development: what have we learned?

Gregory K. Ingram

1840: Efficient public sector downsizing

Martin Rama

1839: The effects of financial liberalization and new bank entry on market structure and competition in Turkey

Cevdet Denizer

1838: The limits and merits of participation

Paulo Vieira da Cunha and Maria Valeria Junho Pena

1837: How Estonia's economic transition affected employment and wages (1989-95)

Rivo Noorkoiv, Peter Orazem, Allan Puur and Milan Vodopivec

1836: Health and labor productivity: the economic impact of onchocercal skin disease

Aehyung Kim, Ajay Tandon and Asrat Hailu

1835: Cost-benefit analysis of the Global Dracunculiasis Eradication Campaign (GDEC)

Aehyung Kim, Ajay Tandon and Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben

1834: The comparative advantage of government: a review

Pedro Belli

1833: Cost recovery and pricing of payment services

David B. Humphrey, Robert H. Keppler and Fernando Montes-Negret

1832: Pension reform in Bolivia: innovative solutions to common problems

Hermann von Gersdorff

1831: How trade patterns and technology flows affect productivity growth

Wolfgang Keller

1830: Private ownership and corporate performance: some lessons from transition economies

Roman Frydman, Cheryl W. Gray, Marek Hessel and Andrzej Rapaczynski

1829: Economic reform and progress in Latin America and the Caribbean

Norman Loayza and Luisa Palacios

1828: The determinants of banking crises: evidence from industrial and developing countries

Asli Demirguc-Kunt and Enrica Detragiache

1827: The determinants of agricultural production: a cross-country analysis

Yair Mundlak, Donald Larson and Rita Butzer

1826: Standards and conformity assessment as nontariff barriers to trade

Sherry M. Stephenson

1825: Current accounts in debtor and creditor countries

Aart Kraay and Jaume Ventura

1824: Winners and losers from utility privatization in Argentina: lessons from a general equilibrium model

Omar Chisari, Antonio Estache and Carlos Romero

1823: Antidumping in law and practice

Raj Krishna

1822: Intergovernmental fiscal transfer in nine countries: lessons for developingcountries

Jun Ma

1821: The"IPO-Plus": a new approach to privatization

Itzhak Goldberg, Gregory Jedrzejczak and Michael Fuchs

1820: Private pension funds in Argentina's newintegrated pension system

Dimitri Vittas

1819: The Argentine pension reform and its relevance for Eastern Europe

Dimitri Vittas

1818: What affects the Russian regional governments'propensity to subsidize?

Lev Freinkman and Michael Haney

1817: Should core labor standards be imposed through international trade policy?

Keith Maskus

1816: Returns to regionalism: an evaluation of nontraditional gains from regional trade agreements

Raquel Fernandez

1815: Unfair trade? Empirical evidence in world commodity markets over te past 25 years

Jacques Morisset

1814: Making education in China equitable and efficient

Shaikh I. Hossain

1813: Tackling health transition in China

Shaikh I. Hossain

1812: Managing guarantee programs in support of infrastructure investment

Michael Klein

1811: Agricultural development: issues, evidence, and consequences

Yair Mundlak, Donald Larson and Al Crego

1810: Inspections and emissions in India: puzzling survey evidence about industrial pollution

Sheoli Pargal, Muthukumara Mani and Mainul Huq

1809: Institutions in transition: reliability of rules and economic performance in former Socialist countries

Aymo Brunetti, Gregory Kisunko and Beatrice Weder di Mauro

1808: Economic transition and the distributions of income and wealth

Francisco Ferreira

1807: The ghost of financing gap: how the Harrod-Domar growth model still haunts development economics

William Easterly

1806: An international statistical survey of government employment and wages

Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, Giulio de Tommaso and Mukh

1805: Regional economic integration and agricultural trade

Junichi Goto

1804: Financial sector adjustment lending: a mid-course analysis

Robert Cull

1803: Field adjustments in transition economies: social transfers and the efficiency of public spending - a comparison with OECD countries

Barbara Fakin and Alain de Crombrugghe

1802: Are there synergies between World Bank partial credit guarantees and private lending?

Harry Huizinga

1801: Regional integration as diplomacy

Maurice Schiff and L. Winters

1800: Single-equation estimation of the equilibrium real exchange rate

John Baffes, Ibrahim A. Elbadawi and Stephen O'Connell

1799: More for the poor is less for the poor: the politics of targeting

Jonah Gelbach and Lant Pritchett

1798: Poor areas, or only poor people?

Martin Ravallion and Quentin Wodon

1797: Formal and informal regulation of industrial pollution: comparative evidence from Indonesia and the United States

Sheoli Pargal, Hemamala Hettige, Manjula Singh and David Wheeler

1796: Cents and sociability: household income and social capital in rural Tanzania

Deepa Narayan and Lant Pritchett

1795: What educational production functions really show: a positive theory of education spending

Lant Pritchett and Deon Filmer

1794: Ownership structure, corporate governance, and corporate performance: the case of Chinese stock companies

Xiaonian Xu and Yan Wang

1793: Wage and pension pressure on the Polish budget

Alain de Crombrugghe

1792: Tradeoffs from hedging oil pricerisk in Ecuador

Sudhakar Satyanarayan and Eduardo Somensatto

1791: Toward better regulation of private pension funds

Hemant Shah

1790: Interpreting the coefficient of schooling in the human capital earnings function

Barry Chiswick

1789: Competition law in Bulgaria after central planning

Bernard Hoekman and Simeon Djankov

1788: An economic analysis of woodfuel management in the Sahel: the case of Chad

Kenneth M. Chomitz and Charles Griffiths

1787: Trading arrangements and industrial development

Diego Puga and Anthony Venables

1786: The economics of customs unions in the Commonwealth of Independent States

Constantine Michalopoulos and David Tarr

1785: The causes of government and the consequences for growth and well-being

Simon Commander, Hamid R. Davoodi and Une J. Lee

1784: Analyzing the sustainability of fiscal deficitsin developing countries

John Cuddington

1783: Trade policy options for Chile: a quantitative evaluation

Glenn Harrison, Thomas Rutherford and David Tarr

1782: Regional integration and the prices of imports: an empirical investigation

L. Winters and Won Chang

1781: Technology accumulation and diffusion: is there a regional dimension?

Pier Carlo Padoan

1780: High-level rent-seeking and corruption in African regimes: theory and cases

Jacqueline Coolidge and Susan Rose-Ackerman

1779: Water allocation mechanisms: principles and examples

Ariel Dinar, Mark Rosegrant and Ruth Meinzen-Dick

1778: How government policies affect the relationship between Polish and world wheat prices

Szczepan Figiel, Tom Scott and Panos Varangis

1777: Aid, policies, and growth

Craig Burnside and David Dollar

1776: From prices to incomes: agricultural subsidization without protection?

John Baffes and Jacob Meerman

1775: Can high-inequality developing countries escape absolute poverty?

Martin Ravallion

1774: The demand for base money and the sustainability of public debt

Valeriano F. Garcia

1773: The costs and benefits of regulation: implications for developing countries

J. Luis Guasch and Robert Hahn

1772: What drives deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon? Evidence from satellite and socioeconomic data

Alexander Pfaff

1771: Government employment and pay: a global and regional perspective

Salvatore Schiavo-Campo, Giulio de Tommaso and Amitabha Mukherjee

1770: Poverty and social transfers in Hungary

Christiaan N. Grootaert