Policy Research Working Paper Series

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705: What causes differences in achievement in Zimbabwe's secondary schools?

Levi Martin Nyagura and Abby Rubin Riddell

704: Costs and finance of higher education in Pakistan

Rosemary Bellew and Joseph DeStefano

703: The political economy of fiscal policy and inflation in developing countries: an empirical analysis

Sebastian Edwards and Guido Tabellini

702: Should price reform proceed gradually or in a"big bang?"

Sweder van Wijnbergen

701: Education and adjustment: a review of the literature

Andrew Noss

700: Trade liberalization and the transition to a market economy

Oleh Havrylyshyn and David Tarr

699: Regulation and deregulation in industrial countries: some lessons for LDCs

Ralph Bradburd and David R. Ross

698: Tax policy options to promote private capital formation in Pakistan

Andrew Feltenstein and Anwar Shah

697: Volatility reversal from interest rates to the real exchange rate: financial liberalization in Chile, 1975-82

Paul McNelis and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

696: Macroeconomics of public sector deficits: the case of Chile

Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and Jorge Marshall

695: Long term prospects in Eastern Europe: the role of external finance in an era of change

Ishac Diwan and Fernando Saldanha

694: Labor markets in an era of adjustment: an overview

Susan Horton, Ravi Kanbur and Dipak Mazumdar

693: Report on adjustment lending II: lessons forEastern Europe

Vittorio Corbo

692: Health financing in the poor countries: cost recovery or cost reduction?

Joseph Brunet-Jailly

691: Can debt-reduction policies restore investment and economic growth in highly indebted countries? A macroeconomic framework applied to Argentina

Jacques Morisset

690: The terms-of-trade effects from the elimination of state trading in Soviet - Hungarian trade

Gabor Oblath and David Tarr

689: Do tax policies stimulate investment in physical and research and development capital?

John Baffes and Anwar Shah

688: Macroeconomics of public sector deficits: the case of Zimbabwe

Felipe Morandé and Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel

687: Brazilian frozen concentrated orange juice: the folly of unfair trade cases

Carlos Alberto Primo Braga and Simao Davi Silber

686: Lending for learning: twenty years of World Bank support for basic education

Adriaan Verspoor

685: Children and intra-household inequality: a theoretical analysis

Ravi Kanbur

684: The value of intra-household survey data for age-based nutritional targeting

Lawrence Haddad and Ravi Kanbur

683: Vocational schooling, occupational matching, and labor market earnings in Israel

Shoshana Neuman and Adrian Ziderman

682: Intertemporal substitution, risk aversion, and private savings in Mexico

Patricio Arrau and Sweder van Wijnbergen

681: Political economy arguments for uniform tariffs

Arvind Panagariya and Dani Rodrik

680: On hunger and public action

Martin Ravallion

679: Poverty alleviation in Mexico

Santiago Levy

678: Economic growth: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature

David Renelt

677: On economic transformation in East - Central Europe: a historical and international perspective

Andres Solimano

676: Higher education in the Republic of Yemen: the University of Sana'a

Viswanathan Selvaratnam and Omporn L. Regel

675: Are buybacks back? Menu-driven debt-reduction schemes with heterogenous creditors

Ishac Diwan and Mark Spiegel

674: Distributional effects of adjustment policies: simulations for two archetypes economies

François Bourguignon, Jaime de Melo and Akiko Suwa

673: The macroeconomics of public sector deficits: the case of Pakistan

Nadeem U. Haque and Peter Montiel

672: The macroeconomics of public sector deficits: the case of Ghana

Roumeen Islam and Deborah L. Wetzel

671: Lessons from the heterodox stabilization programs

Miguel A. Kiguel and Nissan Liviatan

670: Inflation adjustments of financial statements: application of international accounting standard 29: financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies

Yaaqov Goldschmidt and Jacob Yaron

669: Are high real interest rates bad for world economic growth?

Nemat Shafik and Jalaleddin Jalali

668: Inflation tax and deficit financing in Egypt

Hinh Dinh and Marcelo Giugale

667: VERs under imperfect competition and foreign direct investment: a case study of the U.S. - Japan auto VER

Jaime de Melo and David Tarr

666: Agriculture and the transition to the market

Karen M. Brooks, Jose Luis Guasch, Avishay Braverman and Csaba Csaki

665: Microeconomic distortions: static losses and their effect on the efficiency of investment

Ramon Lopez

664: Should employee participation be part of privatization?

Barbara W. Lee

663: Bank holding companies: a better structure for conducting universal banking?

Samuel H. Talley

662: Trends in social indicators and social sector financing

Jacques van der Gaag, Elene Makonnen and Pierre Englebert

661: The Bretton Woods agencies and sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s: facing the tough questions

Richard E. Feinberg

660: The development of the Colombian cut flower industry

Jose Mendez

659: Inflation and growth in the transition from socialism: the case of Bulgaria

Andres Solimano

658: Cote d'Ivoire - Fiscal policy with fixed nominal exchange rates

Christophe Chamley and Hafez Ghanem

657: Distributional aspects of debt adjustment

Ishac Diwan and Thierry Verdier

656: Relative deprivation and migration: theory, evidence, and policy implications

Oded Stark and J. Edward Taylor

655: Interest rate policy in Egypt: its role in stabilization and adjustment

Mansoor Dailami and Hinh Dinh

654: Reflections on credit policy in developing countries: its effect on private investment

Mansoor Dailami and Marcelo Giugale

653: The effects of option hedging on the costs of domestic price stabilization schemes

Donald Larson and Jonathan Coleman

652: Demographic response to economic shock

Kenneth Hill

651: Taxation of financial assets in developing countries

Christophe Chamley

650: Administrative valuation of Soviet agricultural land: results using Lithuanian production data

Karen Brooks

649: An observation on the bias in clinic-based estimates of malnutrition rates

Margaret E. Grosh, Kristin Fox and Maria Jackson

648: Who paid the bill? Adjustment and poverty in Brazil, 1980-95

M. Louise Fox and Samuel A. Morley

647: Growth rates and aggregate welfare: an international comparison

Nanak Kakwani

646: The developmental effectiveness of aid to Africa

Tony Killick

645: Poverty, policy, and industrialization: lessons from the distant past

Ben Polak and Jeffrey Williamson

644: Trade and payments arrangements in post-CMEA Eastern and Central Europe

Constantine Michalopoulos and David Tarr

643: Regional integration among developing countries, revisited

Andras Inotai

642: How a change in Brazil's sugar policies would affect the world sugar market

Brent Borrell

641: Intertemporal substitution in consumption: evidence for some high- and middle-income countries

Karsten N. Pedersen

640: The impact of policy in African agriculture: an empirical investigation

William K. Jaeger

639: The high cost of protecting Uruguay's automotive industry

Wendy Takacs

638: Researching the trade - productivity link: new directions

James Tybout

637: Poverty in Poland: 1978-88

Branko Milanovic

636: Economic integration in Eastern Europe

Bela Balassa

635: Exchange rates and foreign tradein Korea

Bela Balassa

634: Trends in developing country exports, 1963-88

Bela Balassa

633: The macroeconomic effects of the public sector deficit: the case of Thailand

Virabongse Ramangkura and Bhanupongse Nidhiprabha

632: The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Argentina

Carlos Rodríguez

631: The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Morocco

Riccardo Faini

630: The spirit of capitalism and long-run growth

Heng-Fu Zou

629: An atheoretic evaluation of success in structural adjustment

Patrick Conway

628: The Indonesian family planning program: an economic perspective

Dov Chernichovsky, Henry Pardoko, David De Leeuw, Pudjo Rahardjo and Charles Lerman

627: The role of institutions in poverty reduction: a focus on the productive sectors

Sharon L. Holt

626: The macroeconomics of the public sector deficit: the case of Colombia

William Easterly

625: How trade and macroeconomic policies affect economic growth and capital accumulation in developing countries

Ramon Lopez

624: Choosing policy instruments for pollution control: a review

Gunnar Eskeland and Emmanuel Jimenez

623: World Bank-supported adjustment programs: country performance and effectiveness

Vittorio Corbo and Patricio Rojas

622: How factors in creditor countries affect secondary market prices for developing country debt

Sule Ozler and Harry Huizinga

621: Sensible debt buybacks for highly indebted countries

Enrica Detragiache

620: Have commercial banks ignored history?

Sule Ozler

619: Foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan Africa

Laurence Cockcroft and Roger C. Riddell

618: Poverty and development: the Human Development Report and the World Development Report, 1990

Ravi Kanbur

617: International poverty projections

Sudhir Anand and Ravi Kanbur

616: Optimal non-linear income taxation for the alleviation of income poverty

Ravi Kanbur, Michael Keen and Matti Toumala

615: Socialist economic growth and political investment cycles

Heng-Fu Zou

614: Accountability in public services: exit, voice and capture

Samuel Paul

613: Price - wage dynamics and the transmission of inflation in socialist economies: empirical models for Hungary and Poland

Simon Commander and Fabrizio Coricelli

612: Education and productivity in developing countries: an aggregate production function approach

Lawrence J. Lau, Dean Jamison and Frederic F. Louat

611: Tariff-based commodity price stabilization schemes in Venezuela

Jonathan R. Coleman and Donald Larson

610: Can preshipment inspection offset noncompetitive pricing of development countries'imports? The evidence from Madagascar

Alexander J. Yeats

609: A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions

Ross Levine and David Renelt

608: Cross-country studies of growth and policy: methodological, conceptual, and statistical problems

Ross Levine and David Renelt

607: Abolishing green rates: the effects on cereals, sugar, and oilseeds in West Germany

Donald Larson, Simon Glance, Brent Borrell, Merlinda Ingco and Jonathan Coleman

606: Adjustment policies and investment performance in developing countries: theory, country experiences, and policy implications

Luis Serven and Andres Solimano