Policy Research Working Paper Series

From The World Bank
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2545: Financing the future: infrastructure needs in Latin America, 2000-05

Marianne Fay

2544: The uniqueness of short-term collateralization

Leora Klapper

2543: When do special interests run rampant ? disentangling the role in banking crises of elections, incomplete information, and checks and balances

Philip Keefer

2542: Checks and balances, private information, and the credibility of monetary commitments

Philip Keefer and David Stasavage

2541: Household schooling decisions in rural Pakistan

Yasuyuki Sawada and Michael Lokshin

2540: Recapitalizing banking systems: implications for incentives and fiscal and monetary policy

Patrick Honohan

2539: Disorganization or self-organization: the emergence of business associations in a transition economy

Francesca Recanatini and Randi Ryterman

2538: Designing natural gas distribution concessions in a megacity: tradeoffs beetween scale economies and information disclosure in Mexico City

Juan Rosellon and Jonathan Halpern

2537: Regulatory reform in Mexico's natural gas industry: liberalization in the context of a dominant upstream incumbent

Juan Rosellon

2536: Malaysian capital controls

Ron Hood

2535: Trade policy reform in the East Asian transition economies

Will Martin

2534: Indigenous ethnicity and entrepreneurial success in Africa: some evidence from Ethiopia

Taye Mengistae

2533: How much war will we see? Estimating the incidence of civil war in 161 countries

Ibrahim Elbadawi and Nicholas Sambanis

2532: Market presence, contestability, and the terms-of-trade effects of regional integration

Maurice Schiff and Won Chang

2531: Growth implosions, debt explosions, and my Aunt Marilyn: do growth slowdowns cause public debt crises?

William Easterly

2530: The role of nongovernmental organizations in primary education - a study of six NGOs in India

Shanti Jagannathan

2529: Mutual fund investment in emerging markets - an overview

Graciela Kaminsky, Richard Lyons and Sergio Schmukler

2528: Poverty and public celebrations in rural India

Vijayendra Rao

2527: Is inequality bad for business: a non-linear microeconomic model of wealth effects on self-employment

Alice Mesnard and Martin Ravallion

2526: Linking participatory poverty assessments to policy and policymaking - experience from Vietnam

Carrie Turk

2525: Measuring education inequality - Gini coefficients of education

Vinod Thomas, Yan Wang and Xibo Fan

2524: Racing to the bottom: foreign investment and air pollution in developing countries

David Wheeler

2523: Can duty-drawbacks have a protectionist bias? Evidence from MERCOSUR

Cadot, Olivier* de Melo, Jaime*Olarreaga, Marcelo

2522: Trade in international maritime services: how much does policy matter?

Carsten Fink, Aaditya Mattoo and Ileana Neagu Constantinescu

2521: Labor market"rigidity"and the success of economic reforms across more than one hundred countries

Alvaro Forteza and Martin Rama

2520: Wage effects of unions and industrial councils in South Africa

Kristin Butcher and Cecilia Elena Rouse

2519: Is investment in Africa too low or too high: macro and micro evidence

Shantayanan Devarajan, William R. Easterley and Howard Pack

2518: Can reforming global institutions help developing countries share more in the benefits from globalization?

Andres Solimano

2517: The effect of International Monetary Fund and World Bank programs on poverty

William Easterly

2516: Does decentralization increase responsiveness to local needs? - evidence from Bolivia

Jean-Paul Faguet

2515: Firm-level survey provides data on Asia's corporate crisis and recovery

Mary Hallward-Driemeier

2514: Intersectoral dynamics and economic growth in Ecuador

Norbert Fiess and Dorte Verner

2513: Do state holding companies facilitate private participation in the water sector? evidence from Cote d'Ivoire, the Gambia, Guinea, and Senegal

Michel Kerf

2512: Quantifying the impact of technical barriers to trade: a framework for analysis

Keith Maskus, John Wilson and Tsunehiro Otsuki

2511: Monetary policy under flexible exchange rates - an introduction to inflation targeting

Pierre-Richard Agénor

2510: Environmental protection and optimal taxation

Gunnar Eskeland

2509: How tax policy and incentives affect foreign direct investment - a review

Jacques Morrisset and Neda Pirnia

2508: Sources of financial assistance for households suffering an adult death in Kagera, Tanzania

Mattias Lundberg, A. Over and Phare Mujinja

2507: Public expenditures and environmental protection: when is the cost of funds irrelevant?

Gunnar Eskeland

2506: Ethnicity and wage determination in Ghana

Barr and Abena Oduro

2505: Family altruism and incentives

Roberta Gatti

2504: Social capital and the quality of Government: evidence from the U.S. States

Stephen Knack

2503: Proposed strategy for a regional exchange rate arrangement in post-crisis East Asia

Masahiro Kawai and Shinji Takagi

2502: Implications of the currency crisis for exchange rate arrangements in emerging East Asia

Masahiro Kawai and Shigeru Akiyama

2501: Anti-corruption policies and programs: a framework for evaluation

Jeff Huther and Anwar Shah

2500: Investigating corruption

Canice Prendergast

2499: The treatment of non-essential inputs in a Cobb-Douglas technology: an application to Mexican rural household-level data

Isidro Soloaga

2498: Sustaining economic welfare: estimating changes in per capita wealth

Kirk Hamilton

2497: State policies and women's autonomy in China, India, and the Republic of Korea, 1950-2000: lessons from contrasting experiences

Monica Das Gupta, Sunhwa Lee, Patricia Uberoi, Danning Wang, Lihong Wang and Xiaodan Zhang

2496: Perspectives on the sources of heterogeneity in Indian industry

Somik Lall and G. Chris Rodrigo

2495: The Australian annuity market

David Knox

2494: The relevance of index funds for pension investment in equities

Ajay Shah and Kshama Fernandes

2493: Annuity markets in comparative perspective: do consumers get their money's wotrth?

Estelle James and Dimitri Vittas

2492: Health insurance reform in four Latin American countries: theory and practice

William Jack

2491: Labor demand andtrade reform in Latin America

Pablo Fajnzylber and William Maloney

2490: Contractual savings, stock, and asset markets

Gregorio Impavido and Alberto R. Musalem

2489: Banking crises and exchange rate regimes - Is there a link?

Ilker Domac and Martinez-Peria, Maria Soledad

2488: Revisiting the link between poverty and child labor - the Ghanaian experience

Niels-Hugo Blunch and Dorte Verner

2487: Finance and macroeconomic volatility

Cevdet Denizer, Murat Iyigun and Ann Owen

2486: Who must pay bribes and how much? Evidence from a cross-section of firms

Jakob Svensson

2485: Are corruption and taxation really harmful to growth? - firm-level evidence

Raymond Fisman and Jakob Svensson

2484: Banking crises in transition economies: fiscal costs and related issues

Helena Tang, Edda Zoli and Irina Klytchnikova

2483: The credit crunch in East Asia: what can bank excess liquid assets tell us ?

Pierre-Richard Agénor, Joshua Aizenman and Alexander Hoffmaister

2482: Can institutions resolve ethnic conflict ?

William Easterly

2481: Foreign direct investment in Africa: policies also matter

Jacques Morisset

2480: Productivity growth and resource degradation in Pakistan's Punjab - a decomposition analysis

Mubarik Ali and Derek Byerlee

2479: Estimating the effects of corruption - implications for Bangladesh

Aminur Rahman, Gregory Kisunko and Kapil Kapoor

2478: Institutions, politics, and contracts: the attempt to privatize the water and sanitation utility of Lima, Peru

Lorena Alcázar, Lixin Xu and Ana Maria Zuluaga

2477: Picking the poor: indicators for geographic targeting in Peru

Norbert Schady

2476: Measuring banking efficiency in the pre- and post-liberalization environment: evidence from the Turkish banking system

Cevdet Denizer, Mustafa Dinc and Murat Tarimcilar

2475: Industrial growth and the quality of institutions: what do (transition) economies have to gain from the Rule of Law?

David Grigorian and Albert Martinez

2474: Exports and information spillovers

Alessandro Nicita and Marcelo Olarreaga

2473: Banking risks around the world - the implicit safety net subsidy approach

Luc Laeven

2472: Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan - a tale of two transition paths

Asad Alam and Arup Banerji

2471: Validating operational food insecurity indicators against a dynamic benchmark: evidence from Mali

Luc Christiaensen, Richard N. Boisvert and John Hoddinott

2470: Are larger countries really more corrupt?

Stephen Knack and Omar Azfar

2469: Risk shifting and long-term contracts: evidence from the Ras Gas Project

Mansoor Dailami and Robert Hauswald

2468: Pricing, subsidies, and the poor: demand for improved water services in Central America

Ian Walker, Fidel Ordonez, Pedro Serrano and Jonathan Halpern

2467: Does financial liberalization relax financing constraints on firms ?

Luc Laeven

2466: El Nino or El Peso? Crisis, poverty, and income distribution in the Philippines

Gaurav Datt and Hans Hoogeveen

2465: Reforming tax expenditure programs in Poland

Carlos B. Cavalcanti and Zhicheng Li

2464: The decumulation (payout) phase of defined contribution pillars - policy issues in the provision of annuities and other benefits

Estelle James and Dimitri Vittas

2463: Personal pension plans and stock market volatility

Max Alier and Dimitri Vittas

2462: Foreign entry in Turkey's banking sector, 1980-97

Cevdet Denizer

2461: Vertical price control and parallel imports - theory and evidence

Keith Maskus and Yongmin Chen

2460: Labor redundancy, retraining, and outplacement during privatization: the experience of Brazil's Federal Railway

Antonio Estache, Jose Antonio Schmitt de Azevedo and Evelyn Sydenstricker

2459: Short-lived shocks with long-lived impacts? - household income dynamics in a transition economy

Michael Lokshin and Martin Ravallion

2458: Choosing rural road investments to help reduce poverty

Dominique van de Walle

2457: Urban and regional dynamics in Poland

Uwe Deichmann and J. Vernon Henderson

2456: Geography and development

J. Vernon Henderson, Zmarak Shalizi and Anthony Venables

2455: The effects on growth of commodity price uncertainty and shocks

Jan Dehn

2454: Political cycles in a developing economy - effect of elections in Indian States

Stuti Khemani

2453: Designing financial safety nets to fit country circumstances

Edward Kane

2452: Trends in private sector development in World Bank education projects

Shobhana Sosale

2451: Can there be growth with equity: an initial assessment of land reform in South Africa

Klaus Deininger and Julian May

2450: Which firms do foreigners buy: evidence from the Republic of Korea

Caroline Freund and Simeon Djankov

2449: Pricing irrigation water: a literature survey

Robert Johansson

2448: On"good"politicians and"bad"policies - social cohesion, institutions, and growth

Jo Ritzen, William Easterly and Michael Woolcock

2447: Attrition in longitudinal household survey data - some tests for three developing-country samples

Harold Alderman, Jere Behrman, Hans-Peter Kohler, John Maluccio and Susan Cotts Watkins

2446: Forecasting the demand for privatized transport - What economic regulators should know, and why

Lourdes Trujillo, Emile Quinet and Antonio Estache