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2008, volume 456, articles 7224

Snowball prevention questioned pp. E7-E7

Paul F. Hoffman, John W. Crowley, David T. Johnston, David S. Jones and Daniel P. Schrag

Carbon cycling and snowball Earth pp. E8-E8

Yves Goddéris and Yannick Donnadieu

Peltier & Liu reply pp. E9-E10

W. R. Peltier and Yonggang Liu

News 2008 pp. 844-845

Ashley Yeager

Climate talks defer major challenges pp. 846-847

Jeff Tollefson

Europe agrees emissions deal pp. 847-847

Quirin Schiermeier

Nobel physicist to run energy agency pp. 849-850

Eric Hand

Imaging advances provide immune-cell breakthroughs pp. 850-850

Erika Check Hayden

Salary for CIRM head despite deficit pp. 851-851

Erika Check Hayden

2008 Gallery: Images of the year pp. 854-859

Emma Marris

News 2008: Prizewinners of the year pp. 860-861

Ashley Yeager

Newsmaker of the year: The machine maker pp. 862-868

Geoff Brumfiel

You're the best man for this job, son. What a coincidence! pp. 870-870

Albert Ruggi

Online archives are revealing uncensored history of science pp. 870-870

William Burns

Finding of unusual soil on Mars could stem from tools used pp. 870-870

Alberto G. Fairén

Three rules for technological fixes pp. 871-872

Daniel Sarewitz and Richard Nelson

A wonderful life by leaps and bounds pp. 873-874

Steve Jones

Does genius breed success? pp. 874-874

Michael Bond

The science communicator pp. 875-875

Zaheer Baber

Looking at the face of the Earth pp. 876-876

Martin Kemp

Migration: An engine for social change pp. 877-877

Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd

Spliceosome meets telomerase pp. 879-880

Sophie Bonnal and Juan Valcárcel

Don't look now pp. 880-881

Alexei Ourjoumtsev

Tips from the tip of the iceberg pp. 881-883

Fred W. Turek

Catalyst takes control to heart pp. 883-885

Steven T. Diver

How to lose a tail pp. 885-886

Mary Ann Osley

The eternal triangle pp. 886-887

Mark Harris

Greasy proteins of the neuron pp. 887-888

Maurine E. Linder

Nitrous oxide in flux pp. 888-889

Sharon A. Billings

Sensing voltage across lipid membranes pp. 891-897

Kenton J. Swartz

Geometric frustration in buckled colloidal monolayers pp. 898-903

Yilong Han, Yair Shokef, Ahmed M. Alsayed, Peter Yunker, Tom C. Lubensky and Arjun G. Yodh

Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation pp. 904-909

Rujun Kang, Junmei Wan, Pamela Arstikaitis, Hideto Takahashi, Kun Huang, Aaron O. Bailey, James X. Thompson, Amy F. Roth, Renaldo C. Drisdel, Ryan Mastro, William N. Green, John R. Yates, Nicholas G. Davis and Alaa El-Husseini

Spliceosomal cleavage generates the 3′ end of telomerase RNA pp. 910-914

Jessica A. Box, Jeremy T. Bunch, Wen Tang and Peter Baumann

SUMOylation regulates Rad18-mediated template switch pp. 915-920

Dana Branzei, Fabio Vanoli and Marco Foiani

Structure of an argonaute silencing complex with a seed-containing guide DNA and target RNA duplex pp. 921-926

Yanli Wang, Stefan Juranek, Haitao Li, Gang Sheng, Thomas Tuschl and Dinshaw J. Patel

A gravitationally lensed water maser in the early Universe pp. 927-929

C. M. Violette Impellizzeri, John P. McKean, Paola Castangia, Alan L. Roy, Christian Henkel, Andreas Brunthaler and Olaf Wucknitz

Unconventional superconductivity in Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 from inelastic neutron scattering pp. 930-932

A. D. Christianson, E. A. Goremychkin, R. Osborn, Stephanie Rosenkranz, M. D. Lumsden, C. D. Malliakas, I. S. Todorov, H. Claus, D. Y. Chung, M. G. Kanatzidis, R. I. Bewley and T. Guidi

Highly efficient molybdenum-based catalysts for enantioselective alkene metathesis pp. 933-937

Steven J. Malcolmson, Simon J. Meek, Elizabeth S. Sattely, Richard R. Schrock and Amir H. Hoveyda

How supercontinents and superoceans affect seafloor roughness pp. 938-941

Joanne M. Whittaker, R. Dietmar Müller, Walter R. Roest, Paul Wessel and Walter H. F. Smith

Parallel adaptations to high temperatures in the Archaean eon pp. 942-945

Bastien Boussau, Samuel Blanquart, Anamaria Necsulea, Nicolas Lartillot and Manolo Gouy

Successful range-expanding plants experience less above-ground and below-ground enemy impact pp. 946-948

Tim Engelkes, Elly Morriën, Koen J. F. Verhoeven, T. Martijn Bezemer, Arjen Biere, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Lauren M. McIntyre, Wil L. M. Tamis and Wim H. van der Putten

Low conservation of gene content in the Drosophila Y chromosome pp. 949-951

Leonardo B. Koerich, Xiaoyun Wang, Andrew G. Clark and Antonio Bernardo Carvalho

Experience with moving visual stimuli drives the early development of cortical direction selectivity pp. 952-956

Ye Li, Stephen D. Van Hooser, Mark Mazurek, Leonard E. White and David Fitzpatrick

Contact inhibition of locomotion in vivo controls neural crest directional migration pp. 957-961

Carlos Carmona-Fontaine, Helen K. Matthews, Sei Kuriyama, Mauricio Moreno, Graham A. Dunn, Maddy Parsons, Claudio D. Stern and Roberto Mayor

Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions pp. 962-966

Pankaj Dhonukshe, Hirokazu Tanaka, Tatsuaki Goh, Kazuo Ebine, Ari Pekka Mähönen, Kalika Prasad, Ikram Blilou, Niko Geldner, Jian Xu, Tomohiro Uemura, Joanne Chory, Takashi Ueda, Akihiko Nakano, Ben Scheres and Jiří Friml

G protein Gαi functions immediately downstream of Smoothened in Hedgehog signalling pp. 967-970

Stacey K. Ogden, Dennis Liang Fei, Neal S. Schilling, Yashi F. Ahmed, John Hwa and David J. Robbins

Suppression of Myc oncogenic activity by ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency pp. 971-975

Maria Barna, Aya Pusic, Ornella Zollo, Maria Costa, Nadya Kondrashov, Eduardo Rego, Pulivarthi H. Rao and Davide Ruggero

A structural explanation for the binding of endocytic dileucine motifs by the AP2 complex pp. 976-979

Bernard T. Kelly, Airlie J. McCoy, Kira Späte, Sharon E. Miller, Philip R. Evans, Stefan Höning and David J. Owen

MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts pp. 980-984

Thomas Thum, Carina Gross, Jan Fiedler, Thomas Fischer, Stephan Kissler, Markus Bussen, Paolo Galuppo, Steffen Just, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Stefan Frantz, Mirco Castoldi, Jürgen Soutschek, Victor Koteliansky, Andreas Rosenwald, M. Albert Basson, Jonathan D. Licht, John T. R. Pena, Sara H. Rouhanifard, Martina U. Muckenthaler, Thomas Tuschl, Gail R. Martin, Johann Bauersachs and Stefan Engelhardt

X-ray structure of NS1 from a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus pp. 985-988

Zachary A. Bornholdt and B. V. Venkataram Prasad

Structural recognition and functional activation of FcγR by innate pentraxins pp. 989-992

Jinghua Lu, Lorraine L. Marnell, Kristopher D. Marjon, Carolyn Mold, Terry W. Du Clos and Peter D. Sun

Endonucleolytic RNA cleavage by a eukaryotic exosome pp. 993-996

Alice Lebreton, Rafal Tomecki, Andrzej Dziembowski and Bertrand Séraphin

Nuclear receptor corepressor and histone deacetylase 3 govern circadian metabolic physiology pp. 997-1000

Theresa Alenghat, Katherine Meyers, Shannon E. Mullican, Kirstin Leitner, Adetoun Adeniji-Adele, Jacqueline Avila, Maja Bućan, Rexford S. Ahima, Klaus H. Kaestner and Mitchell A. Lazar

Conformational changes in an ultrafast light-driven enzyme determine catalytic activity pp. 1001-1004

Olga A. Sytina, Derren J. Heyes, C. Neil Hunter, Maxime T. Alexandre, Ivo H. M. van Stokkum, Rienk van Grondelle and Marie Louise Groot

Visa quotas could soon be relaxed in the United States and Europe. But will the economic downturn mitigate the potentially positive effects? pp. 1005-1005

Paul Smaglik

Harnessing the brane-deer pp. 1007-1008

Robert Billing

2008, volume 456, articles 7223

FCA does not bind abscisic acid pp. E5-E6

Joanna M. Risk, Richard C. Macknight and Catherine L. Day

Journal club pp. 679-679

Eric D. Tytell

France cracks down on Iranian scientists pp. 680-681

Declan Butler

Feathers fly over Hawaiian bird pp. 682-683

Rex Dalton

Rule change for human grants sparks spat at NIH pp. 683-683

Meredith Wadman

Plant hormone study pulled pp. 683-683

Emma Marris

India creates funding council for basic science pp. 685-685

K. S. Jayaraman

Patent pledge to Indian universities pp. 685-686

T. V. Padma

UN suspends leading carbon-offset firm pp. 686-687

Quirin Schiermeier

Kansas wins race to host biodefence research centre pp. 687-687

Rex Dalton

Mars exploration: Phoenix: a race against time pp. 690-695

Eric Hand

Cell biology: Stretching the imagination pp. 696-699

Claire Ainsworth

Bovine TB: don't get rid of the cat because the mice have gone pp. 700-700

Noel H. Smith and Richard Clifton-Hadley

Bovine TB: stopping disease control would block all live exports pp. 700-700

Stephen V. Gordon

Right environment can enhance 'innate' entrepreneurial skills pp. 700-700

Hermann Hauser

The food crisis isn't over pp. 701-701

Joachim von Braun

Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy pp. 702-705

Henry Greely, Barbara Sahakian, John Harris, Ronald C. Kessler, Michael Gazzaniga, Philip Campbell and Martha J. Farah

Entangled quantum histories pp. 706-707

Don Howard

Back to the roots of crop farming pp. 707-708

Tobias Plieninger

Early days of science broadcasting pp. 708-708

Tim Boon

Trading Bronze Age technology pp. 709-709

Josie Glausiusz

Q&A: Helium walks into a bar pp. 709-709

Nick Thomas

How to beat an alcohol problem pp. 711-712

Karl B. Hansen

Metabolism of the deep pp. 712-713

Christa Schleper

Quest for a habitable world pp. 714-715

Drake Deming

Brain power pp. 715-716

Catherine N. Hall and David Attwell

Deformation of the ultra-strong pp. 716-717

Subra Suresh and Ju Li

Martin Lindauer (1918–2008) pp. 718-718

Thomas D. Seeley

Quantitative genetics pp. 719-719

Chris Gunter

Next-generation genetics in plants pp. 720-723

Magnus Nordborg and Detlef Weigel

Applying mouse complex-trait resources to behavioural genetics pp. 724-727

Jonathan Flint and Richard Mott

Progress and challenges in genome-wide association studies in humans pp. 728-731

Peter Donnelly

Reverse engineering the genotype–phenotype map with natural genetic variation pp. 738-744

Matthew V. Rockman

Brain metabolism dictates the polarity of astrocyte control over arterioles pp. 745-749

Grant R. J. Gordon, Hyun B. Choi, Ravi L. Rungta, Graham C. R. Ellis-Davies and Brian A. MacVicar

Antigenic variation in Giardia lamblia is regulated by RNA interference pp. 750-754

César G. Prucca, Ileana Slavin, Rodrigo Quiroga, Eliana V. Elías, Fernando D. Rivero, Alicia Saura, Pedro G. Carranza and Hugo D. Luján

Negative feedback that improves information transmission in yeast signalling pp. 755-761

Richard C. Yu, C. Gustavo Pesce, Alejandro Colman-Lerner, Larry Lok, David Pincus, Eduard Serra, Mark Holl, Kirsten Benjamin, Andrew Gordon and Roger Brent

The replisome uses mRNA as a primer after colliding with RNA polymerase pp. 762-766

Richard T. Pomerantz and Mike O’Donnell

Strong water absorption in the dayside emission spectrum of the planet HD 189733b pp. 767-769

Carl J. Grillmair, Adam Burrows, David Charbonneau, Lee Armus, John Stauffer, Victoria Meadows, Jeffrey van Cleve, Kaspar von Braun and Deborah Levine

Strong ocean tidal flow and heating on moons of the outer planets pp. 770-772

Robert H. Tyler

A solid-state light–matter interface at the single-photon level pp. 773-777

Hugues de Riedmatten, Mikael Afzelius, Matthias U. Staudt, Christoph Simon and Nicolas Gisin

Enantiodivergent conversion of chiral secondary alcohols into tertiary alcohols pp. 778-782

Jake L. Stymiest, Viktor Bagutski, Rosalind M. French and Varinder K. Aggarwal

Strain accommodation by slow slip and dyking in a youthful continental rift, East Africa pp. 783-787

Eric Calais, Nicolas d’Oreye, Julie Albaric, Anne Deschamps, Damien Delvaux, Jacques Déverchère, Cynthia Ebinger, Richard W. Ferdinand, François Kervyn, Athanas S. Macheyeki, Anneleen Oyen, Julie Perrot, Elifuraha Saria, Benoît Smets, D. Sarah Stamps and Christelle Wauthier

Major gradients in putatively nitrifying and non-nitrifying Archaea in the deep North Atlantic pp. 788-791

Hélène Agogué, Maaike Brink, Julie Dinasquet and Gerhard J. Herndl

Strong effect of dispersal network structure on ecological dynamics pp. 792-794

Matthew D. Holland and Alan Hastings

Coordinate control of synaptic-layer specificity and rhodopsins in photoreceptor neurons pp. 795-799

Marta Morey, Susan K. Yee, Tory Herman, Aljoscha Nern, Enrique Blanco and S. Lawrence Zipursky

Temporal identity in axonal target layer recognition pp. 800-803

Milan Petrovic and Thomas Hummel

Generation of a prostate from a single adult stem cell pp. 804-808

Kevin G. Leong, Bu-Er Wang, Leisa Johnson and Wei-Qiang Gao

A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation pp. 809-813

Joshua I. Greenberg, David J. Shields, Samuel G. Barillas, Lisette M. Acevedo, Eric Murphy, Jianhua Huang, Lea Scheppke, Christian Stockmann, Randall S. Johnson, Niren Angle and David A. Cheresh

Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor in myeloid cells accelerates tumorigenesis pp. 814-818

Christian Stockmann, Andrew Doedens, Alexander Weidemann, Na Zhang, Norihiko Takeda, Joshua I. Greenberg, David A. Cheresh and Randall S. Johnson

DNA double-strand breaks activate a multi-functional genetic program in developing lymphocytes pp. 819-823

Andrea L. Bredemeyer, Beth A. Helmink, Cynthia L. Innes, Boris Calderon, Lisa M. McGinnis, Grace K. Mahowald, Eric J. Gapud, Laura M. Walker, Jennifer B. Collins, Brian K. Weaver, Laura Mandik-Nayak, Robert D. Schreiber, Paul M. Allen, Michael J. May, Richard S. Paules, Craig H. Bassing and Barry P. Sleckman

Erratum: Sex determination involves synergistic action of SRY and SF1 on a specific Sox9 enhancer pp. 824-824

Ryohei Sekido and Robin Lovell-Badge

Correction: The RNA-binding protein FCA is an abscisic acid receptor pp. 824-824

Fawzi A. Razem, Ashraf El-Kereamy, Suzanne R. Abrams and Robert D. Hill

New ways to see a smaller world pp. 825-826

Nathan Blow

Finding the passion pp. 831-831

Gene Russo

Old fuels, new wealth pp. 832-834

Emma Marris

2008, volume 456, articles 7222

Pleiotropic scaling and QTL data pp. E3-E3

Joachim Hermisson and Alistair P. McGregor

Wagner et al. reply pp. E4-E4

Günter P. Wagner, Jane P. Kenney-Hunt, Mihaela Pavlicev, Joel R. Peck, David Waxman and James M. Cheverud

Journal club pp. 549-549

John Greally

Slow shipping hobbles Chinese science pp. 550-551

David Cyranoski

European funding plan 'unviable' pp. 551-551

Natasha Gilbert

Melanoma in mice casts doubt on scarcity of cancer stem cells pp. 553-553

Monya Baker

Can triniobium tin shrink accelerators? pp. 555-555

Eric Hand

Europe to pay royalties for cancer gene pp. 556-556

Alison Abbott

Austrian ethics watchdog launched pp. 557-557

Alison Abbott

The Sputnik fable pp. 561-561

David Goldston

Agronomy: Five crop researchers who could change the world pp. 563-568

Emma Marris

Switch to ecological engineering would aid independence pp. 570-570

Josef Settele, Jacobus Biesmeijer and Riccardo Bommarco

Offering unproven genetic tests to the public is irresponsible pp. 570-570

J. R. M. Oliveira

Speaking up for economic-sciences modelling pp. 570-570

Jesper Stage

Make secondary education universal pp. 572-573

Joel E. Cohen

Preparing for pandemics pp. 574-574

Michael Sargent

Conspiracy at the bench pp. 575-576

Henry Gee

Crimes in the name of research pp. 575-575

Benno Müller-Hill

Q&A: Electronic music comes of age pp. 576-576

Daniel Cressey

Hidden treasures: The Jagiellonian Museum, Kraków pp. 577-577

Alison Abbott

Generosity: A winner's advice pp. 579-579

Martin A. Nowak

Here, there, everywhere? pp. 581-582

Connie J. Eaves

Clear leap for superconductors pp. 582-583

Darrell G. Schlom and Charles H. Ahn

Makeshift sperm production pp. 583-585

Allan C. Spradling

Welcome to the fold pp. 586-587

Paul M. Wassarman

Echo from an ancient supernova pp. 587-589

Andrea Pastorello and Ferdinando Patat

The social side of wild yeast pp. 589-590

David C. Queller

Along memory lane pp. 590-591

Yukiko Goda

Efficient tumour formation by single human melanoma cells pp. 593-598

Elsa Quintana, Mark Shackleton, Michael S. Sabel, Douglas R. Fullen, Timothy M. Johnson and Sean J. Morrison

Centrosome misorientation reduces stem cell division during ageing pp. 599-604

Jun Cheng, Nezaket Türkel, Nahid Hemati, Margaret T. Fuller, Alan J. Hunt and Yukiko M. Yamashita

Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria pp. 605-610

Olga Martins de Brito and Luca Scorrano

Ktu/PF13 is required for cytoplasmic pre-assembly of axonemal dyneins pp. 611-616

Heymut Omran, Daisuke Kobayashi, Heike Olbrich, Tatsuya Tsukahara, Niki T. Loges, Haruo Hagiwara, Qi Zhang, Gerard Leblond, Eileen O’Toole, Chikako Hara, Hideaki Mizuno, Hiroyuki Kawano, Manfred Fliegauf, Toshiki Yagi, Sumito Koshida, Atsushi Miyawaki, Hanswalter Zentgraf, Horst Seithe, Richard Reinhardt, Yoshinori Watanabe, Ritsu Kamiya, David R. Mitchell and Hiroyuki Takeda

Tycho Brahe’s 1572 supernova as a standard type Ia as revealed by its light-echo spectrum pp. 617-619

Oliver Krause, Masaomi Tanaka, Tomonori Usuda, Takashi Hattori, Miwa Goto, Stephan Birkmann and Ken’ichi Nomoto

Atmospheric structure and dynamics as the cause of ultraviolet markings in the clouds of Venus pp. 620-623

Dmitry V. Titov, Fredric W. Taylor, Håkan Svedhem, Nikolay I. Ignatiev, Wojciech J. Markiewicz, Giuseppe Piccioni and Pierre Drossart

Electric field control of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface ground state pp. 624-627

A. D. Caviglia, S. Gariglio, N. Reyren, D. Jaccard, T. Schneider, M. Gabay, S. Thiel, G. Hammerl, J. Mannhart and J.-M. Triscone

Large tundra methane burst during onset of freezing pp. 628-630

Mikhail Mastepanov, Charlotte Sigsgaard, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Sander Houweling, Lena Ström, Mikkel P. Tamstorf and Torben R. Christensen

Partial rupture of a locked patch of the Sumatra megathrust during the 2007 earthquake sequence pp. 631-635

A. Ozgun Konca, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Anthony Sladen, Aron J. Meltzner, Kerry Sieh, Peng Fang, Zhenhong Li, John Galetzka, Jeff Genrich, Mohamed Chlieh, Danny H. Natawidjaja, Yehuda Bock, Eric J. Fielding, Chen Ji and Don V. Helmberger

The pectoral fin of Panderichthys and the origin of digits pp. 636-638

Catherine A. Boisvert, Elga Mark-Kurik and Per E. Ahlberg

Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons pp. 639-642

Chet T. Moritz, Steve I. Perlmutter and Eberhard E. Fetz

Sox18 induces development of the lymphatic vasculature in mice pp. 643-647

Mathias François, Andrea Caprini, Brett Hosking, Fabrizio Orsenigo, Dagmar Wilhelm, Catherine Browne, Karri Paavonen, Tara Karnezis, Ramin Shayan, Meredith Downes, Tara Davidson, Desmond Tutt, Kathryn S. E. Cheah, Steven A. Stacker, George E. O. Muscat, Marc G. Achen, Elisabetta Dejana and Peter Koopman

Incorporation of a non-human glycan mediates human susceptibility to a bacterial toxin pp. 648-652

Emma Byres, Adrienne W. Paton, James C. Paton, Jonas C. Löfling, David F. Smith, Matthew C. J. Wilce, Ursula M. Talbot, Damien C. Chong, Hai Yu, Shengshu Huang, Xi Chen, Nissi M. Varki, Ajit Varki, Jamie Rossjohn and Travis Beddoe

Crystal structure of the ZP-N domain of ZP3 reveals the core fold of animal egg coats pp. 653-657

Magnus Monné, Ling Han, Thomas Schwend, Sofia Burendahl and Luca Jovine

The ectodomain of Toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a functional receptor pp. 658-662

Sarah E. Ewald, Bettina L. Lee, Laura Lau, Katherine E. Wickliffe, Guo-Ping Shi, Harold A. Chapman and Gregory M. Barton

Regulation of ERBB2 by oestrogen receptor–PAX2 determines response to tamoxifen pp. 663-666

Antoni Hurtado, Kelly A. Holmes, Timothy R. Geistlinger, Iain R. Hutcheson, Robert I. Nicholson, Myles Brown, Jie Jiang, William J. Howat, Simak Ali and Jason S. Carroll

Role for perinuclear chromosome tethering in maintenance of genome stability pp. 667-670

Karim Mekhail, Jan Seebacher, Steven P. Gygi and Danesh Moazed

A disclaimer for graduate school pp. 671-671

Gene Russo

Exequiel Ezcurra, director, University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States, Riverside, California pp. 672-672

Virginia Gewin

Just cure it pp. 672-672

Virginia Gewin

All work and no play pp. 672-672

Aliza le Roux

Kidroid pp. 674-674

Shane Clark

2008, volume 456, articles 7221

Journal club pp. 425-425

William B. McKinnon

Beamline bonanza for Japanese researchers pp. 426-427

David Cyranoski

Obama's win refreshes key climate talks pp. 428-429

Jeff Tollefson

Acoustic sensors for rare porpoise pp. 431-431

Rex Dalton

Self-publishing editor set to retire pp. 432-432

Quirin Schiermeier

Mice share yeast's ageing system pp. 433-433

Heidi Ledford

Car industry: Charging up the future pp. 436-440

Jeff Tollefson

Argentina: The come back pp. 441-442

Rex Dalton

What other treasures could be hidden in conference papers? pp. 443-443

Min-Liang Wong

Public opinion and the ethics of primate brain research pp. 443-443

Ulrike Gross German

Marker metabolites can be therapeutic targets as well pp. 443-443

Adrian K. Arakaki, Jeffrey Skolnick and John F. McDonald

Science, dogmas and the state pp. 444-445

Elena Cattaneo

A blogging professor in print pp. 445-445

Peggy Kolm

Imprisoned by intelligence pp. 446-447

Jennifer Rohn

In Retrospect: Fernel's Physiologia pp. 447-447

G. Rickey Welch

Rothko's methods revealed pp. 447-447

Jane Qiu

Mass by numbers pp. 449-450

Frank Wilczek

Turtle origins out to sea pp. 450-451

Robert R. Reisz and Jason J. Head

Short cuts to complexity pp. 452-453

André B. Charette

The Bloom's complex mousetrap pp. 453-454

Robert M. Brosh

A terahertz nanoscope pp. 454-455

Paul Planken

Gibberellins close the lid pp. 455-456

Peter Hedden

On the evolution of minerals pp. 456-458

Minik T. Rosing

Nanomechanics gets the shakes pp. 458-458

Tobias J. Kippenberg

Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1 pp. 459-463

Kohji Murase, Yoshinori Hirano, Tai-ping Sun and Toshio Hakoshima

HITS-CLIP yields genome-wide insights into brain alternative RNA processing pp. 464-469

Donny D. Licatalosi, Aldo Mele, John J. Fak, Jernej Ule, Melis Kayikci, Sung Wook Chi, Tyson A. Clark, Anthony C. Schweitzer, John E. Blume, Xuning Wang, Jennifer C. Darnell and Robert B. Darnell

Alternative isoform regulation in human tissue transcriptomes pp. 470-476

Eric T. Wang, Rickard Sandberg, Shujun Luo, Irina Khrebtukova, Lu Zhang, Christine Mayr, Stephen F. Kingsmore, Gary P. Schroth and Christopher B. Burge

Water vapour jets inside the plume of gas leaving Enceladus pp. 477-479

C. J. Hansen, L. W. Esposito, A. I. F. Stewart, B. Meinke, B. Wallis, J. E. Colwell, A. R. Hendrix, K. Larsen, W. Pryor and F. Tian

Harnessing optical forces in integrated photonic circuits pp. 480-484

Mo Li, W. H. P. Pernice, C. Xiong, T. Baehr-Jones, M. Hochberg and H. X. Tang

Total synthesis of bryostatin 16 using atom-economical and chemoselective approaches pp. 485-488

Barry M. Trost and Guangbin Dong

Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation pp. 489-492

A. Biastoch, C. W. Böning and J. R. E. Lutjeharms

Low heat flow inferred from >4 Gyr zircons suggests Hadean plate boundary interactions pp. 493-496

Michelle Hopkins, T. Mark Harrison and Craig E. Manning

An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China pp. 497-501

Chun Li, Xiao-Chun Wu, Olivier Rieppel, Li-Ting Wang and Li-Jun Zhao

Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells pp. 502-506

Alessandra Sacco, Regis Doyonnas, Peggy Kraft, Stefan Vitorovic and Helen M. Blau

Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis pp. 507-510

Djahida Bouskra, Christophe Brézillon, Marion Bérard, Catherine Werts, Rosa Varona, Ivo Gomperts Boneca and Gérard Eberl

Sarcolemma-localized nNOS is required to maintain activity after mild exercise pp. 511-515

Yvonne M. Kobayashi, Erik P. Rader, Robert W. Crawford, Nikhil K. Iyengar, Daniel R. Thedens, John A. Faulkner, Swapnesh V. Parikh, Robert M. Weiss, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, Steven A. Moore and Kevin P. Campbell

A fast, robust and tunable synthetic gene oscillator pp. 516-519

Jesse Stricker, Scott Cookson, Matthew R. Bennett, William H. Mather, Lev S. Tsimring and Jeff Hasty

Structural basis for gibberellin recognition by its receptor GID1 pp. 520-523

Asako Shimada, Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka, Toru Nakatsu, Masatoshi Nakajima, Youichi Naoe, Hiroko Ohmiya, Hiroaki Kato and Makoto Matsuoka

53BP1 promotes non-homologous end joining of telomeres by increasing chromatin mobility pp. 524-528

Nadya Dimitrova, Yi-Chun M. Chen, David L. Spector and Titia de Lange

53BP1 facilitates long-range DNA end-joining during V(D)J recombination pp. 529-533

Simone Difilippantonio, Eric Gapud, Nancy Wong, Ching-Yu Huang, Grace Mahowald, Hua Tang Chen, Michael J. Kruhlak, Elsa Callen, Ferenc Livak, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Barry P. Sleckman and André Nussenzweig

The role of HLA-DQ8 β57 polymorphism in the anti-gluten T-cell response in coeliac disease pp. 534-538

Zaruhi Hovhannisyan, Angela Weiss, Alexandra Martin, Martina Wiesner, Stig Tollefsen, Kenji Yoshida, Cezary Ciszewski, Shane A. Curran, Joseph A. Murray, Chella S. David, Ludvig M. Sollid, Frits Koning, Luc Teyton and Bana Jabri

Computer game offers academics a chance to play role of graduate student pp. 539-539

Paul Smaglik

Sea of Dreams pp. 540-541

Quirin Schiermeier

Erich Nigg, director of the Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland pp. 542-542

Virginia Gewin

Toyota motors ahead pp. 542-542

Karen Kaplan

Calm before the storm pp. 542-542

Jon Yearsley

From Mars with love pp. 544-544

Julian Tang

2008, volume 456, articles 7220

Journal club pp. 285-285

Jagadeesh Bayry

Nuclear renaissance plans hit by financial crisis pp. 286-287

Geoff Brumfiel

Web data predict flu pp. 287-288

Declan Butler

Gene testing of embryos needs guiding pp. 288-288

Erika Check Hayden

Electron 'bump' may confirm dark matter pp. 290-291

Geoff Brumfiel

Snapshot: Carbon stores pp. 290-290

Alexandra Witze

Middle East synchrotron on the lookout for funds pp. 291-291

Declan Butler

Satellite risks losing sight of Earth pp. 292-292

Ashley Yeager

Darwin 200: Beneath the surface pp. 300-303

Tanguy Chouard

Darwin 200: An eye for the eye pp. 304-309

Simon Ings

Darwin 200: Let's make a mammoth pp. 310-314

Henry Nicholls

Key discoveries often originate with lone researchers pp. 315-315

Shawn J. Green and Jon Brendsel

Significant confusion in scientists' grasp of statistics pp. 315-315

R. Allan Reese

Biocultural diversity should be a priority for conservation pp. 315-315

Christopher P. Dunn

Colonies that conquer pp. 320-321

Manfred Milinski

Darwin: heading to a town near you pp. 322-323

Joanne Baker

Birthdays to remember pp. 324-325

Janet Browne

Being human: Conflict: Altruism's midwife pp. 326-327

Samuel Bowles

A message from the dark side pp. 329-330

Yousaf M. Butt

Mammoth genomics pp. 330-331

Michael Hofreiter

Greenhouse-gas fingerprints pp. 331-333

Thomas F. Stocker and Adrian Schilt

Nuclear order out of chaos pp. 333-334

Tom Misteli

Why little swimmers take turns pp. 334-334

Tim Lincoln

Squaring up with polymers pp. 334-336

Anthony J. Ryan

Courier service for ammonia pp. 336-337

Mark A. Knepper

Enzyme knocked for a loop pp. 337-338

Ronald L. Mellgren

A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility pp. 339-343

Sophie Biver, Hendrica Belge, Soline Bourgeois, Pascale Van Vooren, Marta Nowik, Sophie Scohy, Pascal Houillier, Josiane Szpirer, Claude Szpirer, Carsten A. Wagner, Olivier Devuyst and Anna Maria Marini

Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis pp. 344-349

Sabine Conrad, Markus Renninger, Jörg Hennenlotter, Tina Wiesner, Lothar Just, Michael Bonin, Wilhelm Aicher, Hans-Jörg Bühring, Ulrich Mattheus, Andreas Mack, Hans-Joachim Wagner, Stephen Minger, Matthias Matzkies, Michael Reppel, Jürgen Hescheler, Karl-Dietrich Sievert, Arnulf Stenzl and Thomas Skutella

Structure of the intact PPAR-γ–RXR-α nuclear receptor complex on DNA pp. 350-356

Vikas Chandra, Pengxiang Huang, Yoshitomo Hamuro, Srilatha Raghuram, Yongjun Wang, Thomas P. Burris and Fraydoon Rastinejad

Identification of Holliday junction resolvases from humans and yeast pp. 357-361

Stephen C. Y. Ip, Ulrich Rass, Miguel G. Blanco, Helen R. Flynn, J. Mark Skehel and Stephen C. West

An excess of cosmic ray electrons at energies of 300–800 GeV pp. 362-365

J. Chang, J. H. Adams, H. S. Ahn, G. L. Bashindzhagyan, M. Christl, O. Ganel, T. G. Guzik, J. Isbert, K. C. Kim, E. N. Kuznetsov, M. I. Panasyuk, A. D. Panov, W. K. H. Schmidt, E. S. Seo, N. V. Sokolskaya, J. W. Watts, J. P. Wefel, J. Wu and V. I. Zatsepin

Isotropic quantum scattering and unconventional superconductivity pp. 366-368

T. Park, V. A. Sidorov, F. Ronning, J.-X. Zhu, Y. Tokiwa, H. Lee, E. D. Bauer, R. Movshovich, J. L. Sarrao and J. D. Thompson

Twinning superlattices in indium phosphide nanowires pp. 369-372

Rienk E. Algra, Marcel A. Verheijen, Magnus T. Borgström, Lou-Fé Feiner, George Immink, Willem J. P. van Enckevort, Elias Vlieg and Erik P. A. M. Bakkers

Glacial greenhouse-gas fluctuations controlled by ocean circulation changes pp. 373-376

Andreas Schmittner and Eric D. Galbraith

Long-period earthquakes and co-eruptive dome inflation seen with particle image velocimetry pp. 377-381

Jeffrey B. Johnson, Jonathan M. Lees, Alexander Gerst, Dork Sahagian and Nick Varley

Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus pp. 382-386

Andreas Hejnol and Mark Q. Martindale

Sequencing the nuclear genome of the extinct woolly mammoth pp. 387-390

Webb Miller, Daniela I. Drautz, Aakrosh Ratan, Barbara Pusey, Ji Qi, Arthur M. Lesk, Lynn P. Tomsho, Michael D. Packard, Fangqing Zhao, Andrei Sher, Alexei Tikhonov, Brian Raney, Nick Patterson, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Eric S. Lander, James R. Knight, Gerard P. Irzyk, Karin M. Fredrikson, Timothy T. Harkins, Sharon Sheridan, Tom Pringle and Stephan C. Schuster

Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus pp. 391-394

Kerry McAlonan, James Cavanaugh and Robert H. Wurtz

Mechanism of phototaxis in marine zooplankton pp. 395-399

Gáspár Jékely, Julien Colombelli, Harald Hausen, Keren Guy, Ernst Stelzer, François Nédélec and Detlev Arendt

The zinc-finger protein Zelda is a key activator of the early zygotic genome in Drosophila pp. 400-403

Hsiao-Lan Liang, Chung-Yi Nien, Hsiao-Yun Liu, Mark M. Metzstein, Nikolai Kirov and Christine Rushlow

Concerted multi-pronged attack by calpastatin to occlude the catalytic cleft of heterodimeric calpains pp. 404-408

Tudor Moldoveanu, Kalle Gehring and Douglas R. Green

Calcium-bound structure of calpain and its mechanism of inhibition by calpastatin pp. 409-412

Rachel A. Hanna, Robert L. Campbell and Peter L. Davies

The ion pathway through the opened Na+,K+-ATPase pump pp. 413-416

Ayako Takeuchi, Nicolás Reyes, Pablo Artigas and David C. Gadsby

NIH tries to improve the odds for new investigators. But at what price? pp. 417-417

Gene Russo

William Brody, president, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California pp. 418-418

Eric Hand

Building up to an HIV vaccines pp. 418-418

Virginia Gewin

Imposter syndrome pp. 418-418

Zachary Lippman

Birthday surprises pp. 420-420

Erika Cule

2008, volume 456, articles 7219

Holmström et al. reply pp. E1-E2

M. Holmström, A. Ekenbäck, F. Selsis, T. Penz, H. Lammer and P. Wurz

The origin of hydrogen around HD 209458b pp. E1-E1

A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Vidal-Madjar and J.-M. Désert

Journal club pp. 145-145

Douglas Natelson

Climate first for Obama transition team pp. 146-147

Alexandra Witze

Modified genes spread to local maize pp. 149-149

Rex Dalton

China asks world to step up on climate pp. 151-151

Jane Qiu

Science in the meltdown pp. 155-159

M. Mitchell Waldrop

Neuroscience: The plaque plan pp. 161-164

Alison Abbott

Italy: 'draconian' new law galvanizes demonstrations pp. 166-166

Rete Nazionale Ricercatori Precari

Italy: restoring axed funds is not enough to cure all ills pp. 166-166

Ferdinando Boero

Peer-reviewed parrot studies speak for themselves, as he did pp. 166-166

Irene M. Pepperberg

The innovative brain pp. 168-169

Andrew Lawrence, Luke Clark, Jamie Nicole Labuzetta, Barbara Sahakian and Shai Vyakarnum

Meditating on consciousness pp. 170-171

Michael Bond

Seeing is behaving pp. 171-172

Warren Mansell

Change begins at home pp. 172-172

Josie Glausiusz

The two cultures of Wall Street pp. 173-174

J. Farmer

Mapping the cerebral globe pp. 174-174

Martin Kemp and Nathan Flis

Why do intelligent people live longer? pp. 175-176

Ian Deary

Light moulds plastic brains pp. 177-178

Stefan Thor

Home diagnostics to music pp. 178-179

Jeffrey S. Erickson and Frances S. Ligler

Genes in the glass house pp. 179-181

Ronald P. Kiene

Swift control of a single spin pp. 182-183

Keiichi Edamatsu

The voltage-sensor quartet pp. 183-185

J. R. Bankston and R. S. Kass

Watching catalysts at work pp. 185-186

Alexis T. Bell

Flexible peptide assembly pp. 186-187

Jan C. M. van Hest

Cool songs pp. 187-188

Chris M. Glaze and Todd Troyer

Using temperature to analyse temporal dynamics in the songbird motor pathway pp. 189-194

Michael A. Long and Michale S. Fee

Illumination controls differentiation of dopamine neurons regulating behaviour pp. 195-201

Davide Dulcis and Nicholas C. Spitzer

Deconstructing voltage sensor function and pharmacology in sodium channels pp. 202-208

Frank Bosmans, Marie-France Martin-Eauclaire and Kenton J. Swartz

Structure of the guide-strand-containing argonaute silencing complex pp. 209-213

Yanli Wang, Gang Sheng, Stefan Juranek, Thomas Tuschl and Dinshaw J. Patel

Complex structure within Saturn’s infrared aurora pp. 214-217

Tom Stallard, Steve Miller, Makenzie Lystrup, Nicholas Achilleos, Emma J. Bunce, Christopher S. Arridge, Michele K. Dougherty, Stan W. H. Cowley, Sarah V. Badman, Dean L. Talboys, Robert H. Brown, Kevin H. Baines, Bonnie J. Buratti, Roger N. Clark, Christophe Sotin, Phil D. Nicholson and Pierre Drossart

Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses pp. 218-221

David Press, Thaddeus D. Ladd, Bingyang Zhang and Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Nanoscale chemical imaging of a working catalyst by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy pp. 222-225

Emiel de Smit, Ingmar Swart, J. Fredrik Creemer, Gerard H. Hoveling, Mary K. Gilles, Tolek Tyliszczak, Patricia J. Kooyman, Henny W. Zandbergen, Cynthia Morin, Bert M. Weckhuysen and Frank M. F. de Groot

Transient nature of late Pleistocene climate variability pp. 226-230

Thomas J. Crowley and William T. Hyde

Radiative conductivity in the Earth’s lower mantle pp. 231-234

Alexander F. Goncharov, Benjamin D. Haugen, Viktor V. Struzhkin, Pierre Beck and Steven D. Jacobsen

The interaction between predation and competition pp. 235-238

Peter Chesson and Jessica J. Kuang

The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes pp. 239-244

Chris Bowler, Andrew E. Allen, Jonathan H. Badger, Jane Grimwood, Kamel Jabbari, Alan Kuo, Uma Maheswari, Cindy Martens, Florian Maumus, Robert P. Otillar, Edda Rayko, Asaf Salamov, Klaas Vandepoele, Bank Beszteri, Ansgar Gruber, Marc Heijde, Michael Katinka, Thomas Mock, Klaus Valentin, Fréderic Verret, John A. Berges, Colin Brownlee, Jean-Paul Cadoret, Anthony Chiovitti, Chang Jae Choi, Sacha Coesel, Alessandra De Martino, J. Chris Detter, Colleen Durkin, Angela Falciatore, Jérome Fournet, Miyoshi Haruta, Marie J. J. Huysman, Bethany D. Jenkins, Katerina Jiroutova, Richard E. Jorgensen, Yolaine Joubert, Aaron Kaplan, Nils Kröger, Peter G. Kroth, Julie La Roche, Erica Lindquist, Markus Lommer, Véronique Martin–Jézéquel, Pascal J. Lopez, Susan Lucas, Manuela Mangogna, Karen McGinnis, Linda K. Medlin, Anton Montsant, Marie-Pierre Oudot–Le Secq, Carolyn Napoli, Miroslav Obornik, Micaela Schnitzler Parker, Jean-Louis Petit, Betina M. Porcel, Nicole Poulsen, Matthew Robison, Leszek Rychlewski, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Jeremy Schmutz, Harris Shapiro, Magali Siaut, Michele Stanley, Michael R. Sussman, Alison R. Taylor, Assaf Vardi, Peter von Dassow, Wim Vyverman, Anusuya Willis, Lucjan S. Wyrwicz, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Jean Weissenbach, E. Virginia Armbrust, Beverley R. Green, Yves Van de Peer and Igor V. Grigoriev

Associative learning of social value pp. 245-249

Timothy E. J. Behrens, Laurence T. Hunt, Mark W. Woolrich and Matthew F. S. Rushworth

Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian ocular surface pp. 250-254

François Majo, Ariane Rochat, Michael Nicolas, Georges Abou Jaoudé and Yann Barrandon

Stereocilin-deficient mice reveal the origin of cochlear waveform distortions pp. 255-258

Elisabeth Verpy, Dominique Weil, Michel Leibovici, Richard J. Goodyear, Ghislaine Hamard, Carine Houdon, Gaelle M. Lefèvre, Jean-Pierre Hardelin, Guy P. Richardson, Paul Avan and Christine Petit

A key role for autophagy and the autophagy gene Atg16l1 in mouse and human intestinal Paneth cells pp. 259-263

Ken Cadwell, John Y. Liu, Sarah L. Brown, Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Joy Loh, Jochen K. Lennerz, Chieko Kishi, Wumesh Kc, Javier A. Carrero, Steven Hunt, Christian D. Stone, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Ramnik J. Xavier, Barry P. Sleckman, Ellen Li, Noboru Mizushima, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck and Herbert W. Virgin Iv

Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1β production pp. 264-268

Tatsuya Saitoh, Naonobu Fujita, Myoung Ho Jang, Satoshi Uematsu, Bo-Gie Yang, Takashi Satoh, Hiroko Omori, Takeshi Noda, Naoki Yamamoto, Masaaki Komatsu, Keiji Tanaka, Taro Kawai, Tohru Tsujimura, Osamu Takeuchi, Tamotsu Yoshimori and Shizuo Akira

A fasting inducible switch modulates gluconeogenesis via activator/coactivator exchange pp. 269-273

Yi Liu, Renaud Dentin, Danica Chen, Susan Hedrick, Kim Ravnskjaer, Simon Schenk, Jill Milne, David J. Meyers, Phil Cole, John Yates, Jerrold Olefsky, Leonard Guarente and Marc Montminy

Erratum: The delayed rise of present-day mammals pp. 274-274

Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds, Marcel Cardillo, Kate E. Jones, Ross D. E. MacPhee, Robin M. D. Beck, Richard Grenyer, Samantha A. Price, Rutger A. Vos, John L. Gittleman and Andy Purvis

Erratum: STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling pp. 274-274

Hiroki Ishikawa and Glen N. Barber

Erratum: A role for clonal inactivation in T cell tolerance to Mls-1a pp. 274-274

Marcia A. Blackman, Hans-Gerhard Burgert, David L. Woodland, Ed Palmer, John W. Kappler and Philippa Marrack

Erratum: Structural basis for specific cleavage of Lys 63-linked polyubiquitin chains pp. 274-274

Yusuke Sato, Azusa Yoshikawa, Atsushi Yamagata, Hisatoshi Mimura, Masami Yamashita, Kayoko Ookata, Osamu Nureki, Kazuhiro Iwai, Masayuki Komada and Shuya Fukai

Genes mirror geography within Europe pp. 274-274

John Novembre, Toby Johnson, Katarzyna Bryc, Zoltán Kutalik, Adam R. Boyko, Adam Auton, Amit Indap, Karen S. King, Sven Bergmann, Matthew R. Nelson, Matthew Stephens and Carlos D. Bustamante

Government funds are increasingly scarce. But investing in research could not only generate jobs but help reverse the economic downturn pp. 275-275

Gene Russo

Brain work pp. 276-277

Virginia Gewin

Quantum erat demonstrandum pp. 280-280

C. N. Simms

2008, volume 456, articles 7218

Journal club pp. 5-5

Shanan Peters

Phoenix fades away pp. 8-9

Eric Hand

How to get the most from a gene test pp. 11-11

Erika Check Hayden

Genomics takes hold in Asia pp. 12-12

David Cyranoski

Legally binding green targets for UK pp. 13-13

Natasha Gilbert

America's new leadership pp. 16-16

David Goldston

Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability pp. 18-21

Brendan Maher

Personal genomes: Standard and pores pp. 23-25

Katharine Sanderson

Personal genomes: A disruptive personality, disrupted pp. 26-28

Bryn Nelson

Research rewards are worth the effort for multitasking mothers pp. 29-29

Tracey L. Rogers

What is nature, if it's more than just a place without people? pp. 29-29

Fern Wickson

Progress being made on standards for use in data sharing pp. 29-29

Douglas Bruce Kell

One-year practical course proves a launch pad for PhDs pp. 29-30

David Andrew Green

Will waste-energy plant be a waste of money? pp. 30-30

Gene Bazan

Joining a trade union is best way to defend postdoc interests pp. 30-30

Oliver de Peyer

Detectors could spot plagiarism in research proposals pp. 30-30

Victor Maojo, Miguel García-Remesal and Jose Crespo

When consent gets in the way pp. 32-33

Patrick Taylor

Misdirected precaution pp. 34-35

Barbara Prainsack, Jenny Reardon, Richard Hindmarsh, Herbert Gottweis, Ursula Naue and Jeantine E. Lunshof

Insects of war, terror and torture pp. 36-37

Kenneth J. Linthicum

Tapping out a message pp. 37-38

Redouan Bshary

History out of the ether pp. 38-38

John Carmody

Q&A: Opera for the end of the world pp. 39-39

Jascha Hoffman

Language: a social history of words pp. 40-41

Eörs Szathmáry and Szabolcs Számadó

Case of the absent lemmings pp. 43-44

Tim Coulson and Aurelio Malo

An illuminating dark halo pp. 44-45

Stéphane Colombi

Enzymes under the nanoscope pp. 45-47

Anthony J. Kirby and Florian Hollfelder

Climate's astronomical sensors pp. 47-48

Michel Crucifix

Metamaterial Persian carpets pp. 49-49

Ana Lopes

Individual genomes diversify pp. 49-51

Samuel Levy and Robert L. Strausberg

George Emil Palade (1912–2008) pp. 52-52

Günter Blobel

Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator chemistry pp. 53-59

David R. Bentley, Shankar Balasubramanian, Harold P. Swerdlow, Geoffrey P. Smith, John Milton, Clive G. Brown, Kevin P. Hall, Dirk J. Evers, Colin L. Barnes, Helen R. Bignell, Jonathan M. Boutell, Jason Bryant, Richard J. Carter, R. Keira Cheetham, Anthony J. Cox, Darren J. Ellis, Michael R. Flatbush, Niall A. Gormley, Sean J. Humphray, Leslie J. Irving, Mirian S. Karbelashvili, Scott M. Kirk, Heng Li, Xiaohai Liu, Klaus S. Maisinger, Lisa J. Murray, Bojan Obradovic, Tobias Ost, Michael L. Parkinson, Mark R. Pratt, Isabelle M. J. Rasolonjatovo, Mark T. Reed, Roberto Rigatti, Chiara Rodighiero, Mark T. Ross, Andrea Sabot, Subramanian V. Sankar, Aylwyn Scally, Gary P. Schroth, Mark E. Smith, Vincent P. Smith, Anastassia Spiridou, Peta E. Torrance, Svilen S. Tzonev, Eric H. Vermaas, Klaudia Walter, Xiaolin Wu, Lu Zhang, Mohammed D. Alam, Carole Anastasi, Ify C. Aniebo, David M. D. Bailey, Iain R. Bancarz, Saibal Banerjee, Selena G. Barbour, Primo A. Baybayan, Vincent A. Benoit, Kevin F. Benson, Claire Bevis, Phillip J. Black, Asha Boodhun, Joe S. Brennan, John A. Bridgham, Rob C. Brown, Andrew A. Brown, Dale H. Buermann, Abass A. Bundu, James C. Burrows, Nigel P. Carter, Nestor Castillo, Maria Chiara E. Catenazzi, Simon Chang, R. Neil Cooley, Natasha R. Crake, Olubunmi O. Dada, Konstantinos D. Diakoumakos, Belen Dominguez-Fernandez, David J. Earnshaw, Ugonna C. Egbujor, David W. Elmore, Sergey S. Etchin, Mark R. Ewan, Milan Fedurco, Louise J. Fraser, Karin V. Fuentes Fajardo, W. Scott Furey, David George, Kimberley J. Gietzen, Colin P. Goddard, George S. Golda, Philip A. Granieri, David E. Green, David L. Gustafson, Nancy F. Hansen, Kevin Harnish, Christian D. Haudenschild, Narinder I. Heyer, Matthew M. Hims, Johnny T. Ho, Adrian M. Horgan, Katya Hoschler, Steve Hurwitz, Denis V. Ivanov, Maria Q. Johnson, Terena James, T. A. Huw Jones, Gyoung-Dong Kang, Tzvetana H. Kerelska, Alan D. Kersey, Irina Khrebtukova, Alex P. Kindwall, Zoya Kingsbury, Paula I. Kokko-Gonzales, Anil Kumar, Marc A. Laurent, Cynthia T. Lawley, Sarah E. Lee, Xavier Lee, Arnold K. Liao, Jennifer A. Loch, Mitch Lok, Shujun Luo, Radhika M. Mammen, John W. Martin, Patrick G. McCauley, Paul McNitt, Parul Mehta, Keith W. Moon, Joe W. Mullens, Taksina Newington, Zemin Ning, Bee Ling Ng, Sonia M. Novo, Michael J. O’Neill, Mark A. Osborne, Andrew Osnowski, Omead Ostadan, Lambros L. Paraschos, Lea Pickering, Andrew C. Pike, Alger C. Pike, D. Chris Pinkard, Daniel P. Pliskin, Joe Podhasky, Victor J. Quijano, Come Raczy, Vicki H. Rae, Stephen R. Rawlings, Ana Chiva Rodriguez, Phyllida M. Roe, John Rogers, Maria C. Rogert Bacigalupo, Nikolai Romanov, Anthony Romieu, Rithy K. Roth, Natalie J. Rourke, Silke T. Ruediger, Eli Rusman, Raquel M. Sanches-Kuiper, Martin R. Schenker, Josefina M. Seoane, Richard J. Shaw, Mitch K. Shiver, Steven W. Short, Ning L. Sizto, Johannes P. Sluis, Melanie A. Smith, Jean Ernest Sohna Sohna, Eric J. Spence, Kim Stevens, Neil Sutton, Lukasz Szajkowski, Carolyn L. Tregidgo, Gerardo Turcatti, Stephanie vandeVondele, Yuli Verhovsky, Selene M. Virk, Suzanne Wakelin, Gregory C. Walcott, Jingwen Wang, Graham J. Worsley, Juying Yan, Ling Yau, Mike Zuerlein, Jane Rogers, James C. Mullikin, Matthew E. Hurles, Nick J. McCooke, John S. West, Frank L. Oaks, Peter L. Lundberg, David Klenerman, Richard Durbin and Anthony J. Smith

The diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual pp. 60-65

Jun Wang, Wei Wang, Ruiqiang Li, Yingrui Li, Geng Tian, Laurie Goodman, Wei Fan, Junqing Zhang, Jun Li, Juanbin Zhang, Yiran Guo, Binxiao Feng, Heng Li, Yao Lu, Xiaodong Fang, Huiqing Liang, Zhenglin Du, Dong Li, Yiqing Zhao, Yujie Hu, Zhenzhen Yang, Hancheng Zheng, Ines Hellmann, Michael Inouye, John Pool, Xin Yi, Jing Zhao, Jinjie Duan, Yan Zhou, Junjie Qin, Lijia Ma, Guoqing Li, Zhentao Yang, Guojie Zhang, Bin Yang, Chang Yu, Fang Liang, Wenjie Li, Shaochuan Li, Dawei Li, Peixiang Ni, Jue Ruan, Qibin Li, Hongmei Zhu, Dongyuan Liu, Zhike Lu, Ning Li, Guangwu Guo, Jianguo Zhang, Jia Ye, Lin Fang, Qin Hao, Quan Chen, Yu Liang, Yeyang Su, A. San, Cuo Ping, Shuang Yang, Fang Chen, Li Li, Ke Zhou, Hongkun Zheng, Yuanyuan Ren, Ling Yang, Yang Gao, Guohua Yang, Zhuo Li, Xiaoli Feng, Karsten Kristiansen, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Rasmus Nielsen, Richard Durbin, Lars Bolund, Xiuqing Zhang, Songgang Li, Huanming Yang and Jian Wang

DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome pp. 66-72

Timothy J. Ley, Elaine R. Mardis, Li Ding, Bob Fulton, Michael D. McLellan, Ken Chen, David Dooling, Brian H. Dunford-Shore, Sean McGrath, Matthew Hickenbotham, Lisa Cook, Rachel Abbott, David E. Larson, Dan C. Koboldt, Craig Pohl, Scott Smith, Amy Hawkins, Scott Abbott, Devin Locke, LaDeana W. Hillier, Tracie Miner, Lucinda Fulton, Vincent Magrini, Todd Wylie, Jarret Glasscock, Joshua Conyers, Nathan Sander, Xiaoqi Shi, John R. Osborne, Patrick Minx, David Gordon, Asif Chinwalla, Yu Zhao, Rhonda E. Ries, Jacqueline E. Payton, Peter Westervelt, Michael H. Tomasson, Mark Watson, Jack Baty, Jennifer Ivanovich, Sharon Heath, William D. Shannon, Rakesh Nagarajan, Matthew J. Walter, Daniel C. Link, Timothy A. Graubert, John F. DiPersio and Richard K. Wilson

Prospects for detecting supersymmetric dark matter in the Galactic halo pp. 73-76

V. Springel, S. D. M. White, C. S. Frenk, J. F. Navarro, A. Jenkins, M. Vogelsberger, J. Wang, A. Ludlow and A. Helmi

Emergence of preformed Cooper pairs from the doped Mott insulating state in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ pp. 77-80

H.-B. Yang, J. D. Rameau, P. D. Johnson, T. Valla, A. Tsvelik and G. D. Gu

Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope pp. 81-84

Mark A. Foster, Reza Salem, David F. Geraghty, Amy C. Turner-Foster, Michal Lipson and Alexander L. Gaeta

Atlantic overturning responses to Late Pleistocene climate forcings pp. 85-88

Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Maureen E. Raymo and William B. Curry

The Earth’s missing lead may not be in the core pp. 89-92

M. Lagos, C. Ballhaus, C. Münker, C. Wohlgemuth–Ueberwasser, J. Berndt and Dmitry V. Kuzmin

Linking climate change to lemming cycles pp. 93-97

Kyrre L. Kausrud, Atle Mysterud, Harald Steen, Jon Olav Vik, Eivind Østbye, Bernard Cazelles, Erik Framstad, Anne Maria Eikeset, Ivar Mysterud, Torstein Solhøy and Nils Chr. Stenseth

Genes mirror geography within Europe pp. 98-101

John Novembre, Toby Johnson, Katarzyna Bryc, Zoltán Kutalik, Adam R. Boyko, Adam Auton, Amit Indap, Karen S. King, Sven Bergmann, Matthew R. Nelson, Matthew Stephens and Carlos D. Bustamante

Entrained rhythmic activities of neuronal ensembles as perceptual memory of time interval pp. 102-106

Germán Sumbre, Akira Muto, Herwig Baier and Mu-ming Poo

Molecular basis of xeroderma pigmentosum group C DNA recognition by engineered meganucleases pp. 107-111

Pilar Redondo, Jesús Prieto, Inés G. Muñoz, Andreu Alibés, Francois Stricher, Luis Serrano, Jean-Pierre Cabaniols, Fayza Daboussi, Sylvain Arnould, Christophe Perez, Philippe Duchateau, Frédéric Pâques, Francisco J. Blanco and Guillermo Montoya

The essential role of the CopN protein in Chlamydia pneumoniae intracellular growth pp. 112-115

Jin Huang, Cammie F. Lesser and Stephen Lory

The CRAC channel consists of a tetramer formed by Stim-induced dimerization of Orai dimers pp. 116-120

Aubin Penna, Angelo Demuro, Andriy V. Yeromin, Shenyuan L. Zhang, Olga Safrina, Ian Parker and Michael D. Cahalan

Crystal structure of the anti-viral APOBEC3G catalytic domain and functional implications pp. 121-124

Lauren G. Holden, Courtney Prochnow, Y. Paul Chang, Ronda Bransteitter, Linda Chelico, Udayaditya Sen, Raymond C. Stevens, Myron F. Goodman and Xiaojiang S. Chen

Histone H2A.Z and DNA methylation are mutually antagonistic chromatin marks pp. 125-129

Daniel Zilberman, Devin Coleman-Derr, Tracy Ballinger and Steven Henikoff

Stepwise chromatin remodelling by a cascade of transcription initiation of non-coding RNAs pp. 130-134

Kouji Hirota, Tomoichiro Miyoshi, Kazuto Kugou, Charles S. Hoffman, Takehiko Shibata and Kunihiro Ohta

International guidelines for ethics in graduate research are a good idea — but coordination and implementation will be challenging pp. 135-135

Gene Russo

German mentors steer a new course pp. 137-137

Alison Abbott

Julio Frenk, dean, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts pp. 138-138

Virginia Gewin

Getting and gaining from interviews pp. 138-138

Siobhán Brady and Marc Johnson

Lessons from Formula One pp. 138-138

Amanda Goh

A nice thought pp. 140-140

Catherine Mintz

2008, volume 456, articles 1

First Words pp. 4-4

Jacob Palis

Editors Notes pp. 5-5

Ehsan Masood and Daniel Schaffer

Worlds Apart Together pp. 6-8

Mohamed Hassan

Losing Faculties pp. 9-11

Phillip Griffiths

Money counts but merit and freedom count even more pp. 11-11

Ahmed Zewail

Caution: Men at Work pp. 12-14

Çiğdem Kağitçibaşi

More than good enough to do world-class research pp. 14-14

Zohra Ben Lakhdar-Akrout

Learn to Earn pp. 15-17

Calestous Juma

Joining the Fast Lane pp. 18-19

Ismail Serageldin

Air pollution is a global problem with local solutions pp. 19-19

Mario Molina

Food Fault Lines pp. 21-21

Hans Herren

Home Sickness pp. 22-23

Thomas G. Egwang

It is the knowledge (not digital) divide that matters pp. 23-23

Abdul Waheed Khan

Cold Shower pp. 24-24

Mohamed El-Ashry

People Power pp. 25-25

Dilip Ahuja

Pumping Renewables pp. 26-27

José Goldemberg

Science is helping Rwanda give up the ghosts of the past pp. 27-27

Romain Murenzi

Warming Signs pp. 28-29

Mohan Munasinghe

The green revolution is slowing. What next? pp. 29-29

Luis Rafael Herrera-Estrella

Let Deserts Be pp. 30-30

Farouk El-Baz

Lost Diversity pp. 31-31

Abdul H. Zakri

International collaboration is part of science's DNA pp. 31-31

Martin Rees

Urban Future pp. 32-33

Hans van Ginkel

Chemistry needs a new formula for success pp. 33-33

Atta-ur-Rahman

The Science of Influence pp. 34-34

Raghunath Mashelkar

Space Landings pp. 35-35

Turner Isoun

Nano Rising pp. 36-37

Bai Chunli

Why poor countries need nuclear research capacity pp. 37-37

Ana María Cetto

Physics Now pp. 38-38

Reza Mansouri

What others can — and cannot — learn from China pp. 38-38

Lu Yongxiang

Water Woes pp. 39-39

Akissa Bahri

Bio-Revolution pp. 40-40

Indira Nath

Back to Nature pp. 41-41

Iqbal Choudhary

Do the Maths pp. 42-42

Lê Dũng Tráng

Research is no luxury pp. 42-42

Berit Olsson

A Better Pill pp. 43-43

María G. Guzmàn

Creative Accounting pp. 44-44

Partha Dasgupta

Basics Matter pp. 45-45

C. N. R. Rao