NBER Working Papers

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21661: The Coming Wave: Where Do Emerging Market Investors Put Their Money?

G. Karolyi, David Ng and Eswar Prasad

21660: Political Economy of Debt and Growth

Marco Battaglini and Levon Barseghyan

21659: Employment and Training Programs

Burt S. Barnow and Jeffrey Smith

21658: Evaluating Public Programs with Close Substitutes: The Case of Head Start

Patrick Kline and Christopher Walters

21657: Measuring Changes in the Bilateral Technology Gaps between China, India and the U.S. 1979 - 2008

Keting Shen, Jing Wang and John Whalley

21656: Do Students Know Best? Choice, Classroom Time, and Academic Performance

Ted Joyce, Sean Crockett, David Jaeger, Onur Altindag, Stephen O'Connell and Dahlia K. Remler

21655: The Analysis of Field Choice in College and Graduate School: Determinants and Wage Effects

Joseph Altonji, Peter Arcidiacono and Arnaud Maurel

21654: Effects of Payment Reform in More versus Less Competitive Markets

Neeraj Sood, Abby Alpert, Kayleigh Barnes, Peter Huckfeldt and Jose Escarce

21653: Streaming Reaches Flood Stage: Does Spotify Stimulate or Depress Music Sales?

Luis Aguiar and Joel Waldfogel

21652: The Effect of Public Funding on Research Output: the New Zealand Marsden Fund

Jason Gush, Adam Jaffe, Victoria Larsen and Athene Laws

21651: Business in the United States: Who Owns it and How Much Tax Do They Pay?

Michael Cooper, John McClelland, James Pearce, Richard Prisinzano, Joseph Sullivan, Danny Yagan, Owen Zidar and Eric Zwick

21650: The Efficiency Consequences of Health Care Privatization: Evidence from Medicare Advantage Exits

Mark Duggan, Jonathan Gruber and Boris Vabson

21649: Self-Selection of Emigrants: Theory and Evidence on Stochastic Dominance in Observable and Unobservable Characteristics

George Borjas, Ilpo Kauppinen and Panu Poutvaara

21648: Private Safety-Net Clinics: Effects of Financial Pressures and Community Characteristics on Closures

Suhui Li, Avi Dor, Jesse M. Pines, Mark S. Zocchi and Renee Y. Hsia

21647: Pollution and Mortality in the 19th Century

W Hanlon

21646: The International Price System

Gita Gopinath

21645: Trading Votes for Votes. A Decentralized Matching Algorithm

Alessandra Casella and Thomas Palfrey

21644: Wealth, Tastes, and Entrepreneurial Choice

Erik Hurst and Benjamin Pugsley

21643: When Evidence is Not Enough: Findings from a Randomized Evaluation of Evidence-Based Literacy Instruction (EBLI)

Brian Jacob

21642: The Anatomy of Physician Payments: Contracting Subject to Complexity

Jeffrey Clemens, Joshua Gottlieb and Timea Laura Molnar

21641: Partial Identification in Applied Research: Benefits and Challenges

Kate Ho and Adam Rosen

21640: Retaking in High Stakes Exams: Is Less More?

Kala Krishna, Sergey Lychagin and Veronica Frisancho

21639: The Promise and Potential of Linked Employer-Employee Data for Entrepreneurship Research

Christopher Goetz, Henry Hyatt, Erika McEntarfer and Kristin Sandusky

21638: How Does Declining Unionism Affect the American Middle Class and Intergenerational Mobility?

Richard Freeman, Eunice Han, David Madland and Brendan V. Duke

21637: Modeling Uncertainty in Climate Change: A Multi-Model Comparison

Kenneth Gillingham, William Nordhaus, David Anthoff, Geoffrey Blanford, Valentina Bosetti, Peter Christensen, Haewon McJeon, John Reilly and Paul Sztorc

21636: Economics and the Modern Economic Historian

Ran Abramitzky

21635: Pollution, Infectious Disease, and Mortality: Evidence from the 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic

Karen Clay, Joshua Lewis and Edson Severnini

21634: Insider Trading and Innovation

Ross Levine, Chen Lin and Lai Wei

21633: Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty

Scott Baker, Nicholas Bloom and Steven Davis

21632: What Does a Deductible Do? The Impact of Cost-Sharing on Health Care Prices, Quantities, and Spending Dynamics

Zarek Brot-Goldberg, Amitabh Chandra, Benjamin R. Handel and Jonathan Kolstad

21631: Bullying among Adolescents: The Role of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills

Miguel Sarzosa and Sergio Urzua

21630: Can't Pay or Won't Pay? Unemployment, Negative Equity, and Strategic Default

Kristopher Gerardi, Kyle Herkenhoff, Lee Ohanian and Paul Willen

21629: Measuring Health Insurance Benefits: The Case of People with Disabilities

Richard Burkhauser, Jeff Larrimore and Sean Lyons

21628: Catching Cheating Students

Steven Levitt and Ming-Jen Lin

21627: Natural Gas Prices and Coal Displacement: Evidence from Electricity Markets

Christopher Knittel, Konstantinos Metaxoglou and Andre Trindade

21626: Phasing Out the GSEs

Vadim Elenev, Tim Landvoigt and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

21625: The Mortality Consequences of Distinctively Black Names

Lisa Cook, Trevon Logan and John Parman

21624: Geographic Dispersion of Economic Shocks: Evidence from the Fracking Revolution

James Feyrer, Erin Mansur and Bruce Sacerdote

21623: Policies for a Better-fed World

Abhijit Banerjee

21622: The Migration Response to Increasing Temperatures

Cristina Cattaneo and Giovanni Peri

21621: Optimal Product Variety in Radio Markets

Steven Berry, Alon Eizenberg and Joel Waldfogel

21620: Do People Shape Cities, or Do Cities Shape People? The Co-evolution of Physical, Social, and Economic Change in Five Major U.S. Cities

Nikhil Naik, Scott Kominers, Ramesh Raskar, Edward Glaeser and Cesar Hidalgo

21619: Are Capital Inflows Expansionary or Contractionary? Theory, Policy Implications, and Some Evidence

Olivier Blanchard, Jonathan Ostry, Atish Ghosh and Marcos Chamon

21618: Locate Your Nearest Exit: Mass Layoffs and Local Labor Market Response

Andrew Foote, Michel Grosz and Ann Stevens

21617: The Robustness of Tests for Consumer Choice Inconsistencies

Jason Abaluck and Jonathan Gruber

21616: Movies, Margins and Marketing: Encouraging the Adoption of Iron-Fortified Salt

Abhijit Banerjee, Sharon Barnhardt and Esther Duflo

21615: Oil and Gas Revenue Allocation to Local Governments in Eight States

Richard Newell and Daniel Raimi

21614: Are Low Interest Rates Deflationary? A Paradox of Perfect-Foresight Analysis

Mariana García-Schmidt and Michael Woodford

21613: Chinese Yellow Dust and Korean Infant Health

Deokrye Baek, Duha Altindag and Naci Mocan

21612: Discrimination and Worker Evaluation

Costas Cavounidis and Kevin Lang

21611: Moral Incentives in Credit Card Debt Repayment: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Leonardo Bursztyn, Stefano Fiorin, Daniel Gottlieb and Martin Kanz

21610: The Gift of Time? School Starting Age and Mental Health

Thomas Dee and Hans Sievertsen

21609: The Relationship between Health and Schooling: What’s New?

Michael Grossman

21608: The Ups and Downs of Turkish Growth, 2002-2015: Political Dynamics, the European Union and the Institutional Slide

Daron Acemoglu and Murat Ucer

21607: Long-Term Educational Consequences of Vocational Training in Colombia: Impacts on Young Trainees and Their Relatives

Adriana Kugler, Maurice Kugler, Juan Saavedra and Luis Omar Herrera Prada

21606: Migration State and Welfare State: Competition vs. Coordination in an Economic Union

Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka

21605: A New Measure of College Quality to Study the Effects of College Sector and Peers on Degree Attainment

Jonathan Smith and Kevin Stange

21604: Health Effects of Economic Crises

Christopher Ruhm

21603: Healthcare Exceptionalism? Performance and Allocation in the U.S. Healthcare Sector

Amitabh Chandra, Amy Finkelstein, Adam Sacarny and Chad Syverson

21602: Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Parental Engagement: The Parents and Children Together (PACT) Intervention

Susan Mayer, Ariel Kalil, Philip Oreopoulos and Sebastian Gallegos

21601: Does Eliminating the Earnings Test Increase the Incidence of Low Income Among Older Women?

Theodore Figinski and David Neumark

21600: Diabetes and Diet: Behavioral Response and the Value of Health

Emily Oster

21599: Inflation, Output, and Markup Dynamics with Forward-Looking Wage and Price Setters

Louis Phaneuf, Eric Sims and Jean Gardy Victor

21598: Achievement Effects of Individual Performance Incentives in a Teacher Merit Pay Tournament

Margaret Brehm, Scott Imberman and Michael Lovenheim

21597: Social Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship

William Kerr and Martin Mandorff

21596: What Can We Learn About the Effects of Food Stamps on Obesity in the Presence of Misreporting?

Lorenzo Almada, Ian McCarthy and Rusty Tchernis

21595: Structural Change with Long-run Income and Price Effects

Diego Comin, Danial Lashkari and Martí Mestieri

21594: Does Education Reduce Teen Fertility? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws

Philip DeCicca and Harry Krashinsky

21593: Estimation of Multivariate Probit Models via Bivariate Probit

John Mullahy

21592: Education Research and Administrative Data

David Figlio, Krzysztof Karbownik and Kjell G Salvanes

21591: Immigrant Employment and Earnings Growth in Canada and the U.S.: Evidence from Longitudinal Data

Neeraj Kaushal, Yao Lu, Nicole Denier, Julia Shu-Huah Wang and Stephen Trejo

21590: A Nonlinear Certainty Equivalent Approximation Method for Dynamic Stochastic Problems

Yongyang Cai, Kenneth Judd and Jevgenijs Steinbuks

21589: Climate Tipping Points and Solar Geoengineering

Garth Heutel, Juan Moreno-Cruz and Soheil Shayegh

21588: The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: A Reappraisal

George Borjas

21587: Housing Booms and Busts, Labor Market Opportunities, and College Attendance

Kerwin Kofi Charles, Erik Hurst and Matthew Notowidigdo

21586: In-Kind Taxes, Behavior, and Comparative Advantage

Casey Mulligan

21585: The Cost of Uncertainty about the Timing of Social Security Reform

Frank Caliendo, Aspen Gorry and Sita Slavov

21584: Principal Component Analysis of High Frequency Data

Yacine Ait-Sahalia and Dacheng Xiu

21583: What Drives Home Market Advantage?

A. Kerem Coşar, Paul L. E. Grieco, Shengyu Li and Felix Tintelnot

21582: Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

Laura Alfaro, Pol Antras, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi

21581: Household Debt and Business Cycles Worldwide

Atif Mian, Amir Sufi and Emil Verner

21580: Losing Medicaid: What happens to hospitalizations?

Daniel Tello-Trillo, Ausmita Ghosh, Kosali Simon and Johanna Maclean

21579: Neophilia Ranking of Scientific Journals

Mikko Packalen and Jay Bhattacharya

21578: As the Wind Blows: The Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Mortality

Michael Anderson

21577: Public Universities, Equal Opportunity, and the Legacy of Jim Crow: Evidence from North Carolina

Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor

21576: Monetary Policy, Bond Risk Premia, and the Economy

Peter Ireland

21575: Risk, Unemployment, and the Stock Market: A Rare-Event-Based Explanation of Labor Market Volatility

Mete Kilic and Jessica Wachter

21574: What is a Sustainable Public Debt?

Pablo D'Erasmo, Enrique Mendoza and Jing Zhang

21573: Dumping and Antidumping Duties

Bruce Blonigen and Thomas Prusa

21572: Banks, Politics, and Political Parties: From Partisan Banking to Open Access in Early Massachusetts

Qian Lu and John Joseph Wallis

21571: Non-Cognitive Deficits and Young Adult Outcomes: The Long-Run Impacts of a Universal Child Care Program

Michael Baker, Jonathan Gruber and Kevin Milligan

21570: Improving Risk Equalization with Constrained Regression

Richard van Kleef, Thomas McGuire, Rene van Vliet and Wynand van de Ven

21569: Gradualism in Monetary Policy: A Time-Consistency Problem?

Jeremy Stein and Adi Sunderam

21568: TAs Like Me: Racial Interactions between Graduate Teaching Assistants and Undergraduates

Lester Lusher, Douglas Campbell and Scott Carrell

21567: Do Banks Pass Through Credit Expansions to Consumers Who Want to Borrow?

Sumit Agarwal, Souphala Chomsisengphet, Neale Mahoney and Johannes Stroebel

21566: Model Uncertainty and the Effect of Shall-Issue Right-to-Carry Laws on Crime

Steven Durlauf, Salvador Navarro and David Rivers

21565: The Price of Responsibility: The Impact of Health Reform on Non-Poor Uninsureds

Mark Pauly, Adam Leive and Scott Harrington

21564: Low-Frequency Econometrics

Ulrich K. Müller and Mark Watson

21563: Efficiently Inefficient Markets for Assets and Asset Management

Nicolae B. Gârleanu and Lasse Pedersen

21562: How Does Household Income Affect Child Personality Traits and Behaviors?

Randall Akee, Emilia Simeonova, E. Jane Costello and William Copeland