NBER Working Papers

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32327: Recovering Overlooked Information in Categorical Variables with LLMs: An Application to Labor Market Mismatch

Yi Chen, Hanming Fang, Yi Zhao and Zibo Zhao

32326: After the Storm: How Emergency Liquidity Helps Small Businesses Following Natural Disasters

Benjamin L. Collier, Sabrina T. Howell and Lea Rendell

32325: Interdependent Values in Matching Markets: Evidence from Medical School Programs in Denmark

Benjamin Friedrich, Martin B. Hackmann, Adam Kapor, Sofia Moroni and Anne Brink Nandrup

32324: Monetary Policy, Segmentation, and the Term Structure

Rohan Kekre, Moritz Lenel and Federico Mainardi

32323: Homelessness and the Persistence of Deprivation: Income, Employment, and Safety Net Participation

Bruce Meyer, Angela Wyse, Gillian Meyer, Alexa Grunwaldt and Derek Wu

32322: The Dominant Role of Expectations and Broad-Based Supply Shocks in Driving Inflation

Paul Beaudry, Chenyu Hou and Franck Portier

32321: Quantitative Tightening Around the Globe: What Have We Learned?

Wenxin Du, Kristin Forbes and Matthew N. Luzzetti

32320: Application Flows

Steven Davis and Brenda Samaniego de la Parra

32319: Tracking Firm Use of AI in Real Time: A Snapshot from the Business Trends and Outlook Survey

Kathryn Bonney, Cory Breaux, Catherine Buffington, Emin Dinlersoz, Lucia Foster, Nathan Goldschlag, John Haltiwanger, Zachary Kroff and Keith Savage

32318: Theory-Driven Entrepreneurial Search

Ankur Chavda, Joshua Gans and Scott Stern

32317: The Impact of Green Investors on Stock Prices

Gong Cheng, Eric Jondeau, Benoit Mojon and Dimitri Vayanos

32316: Where Do Banks End and NBFIs Begin?

Viral Acharya, Nicola Cetorelli and Bruce Tuckman

32315: The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments

Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Francis Wong and Wesley Yin

32314: Inequality and Racial Backlash: Evidence from the Reconstruction Era and the Freedmen’s Bureau

Eric Chyn, Kareem Haggag and Bryan Stuart

32313: A Discrimination Report Card

Patrick Kline, Evan K. Rose and Christopher Walters

32312: Quantifying the Uncertainty of Imputed Demographic Disparity Estimates: The Dual-Bootstrap

Benjamin Lu, Jia Wan, Derek Ouyang, Jacob Goldin and Daniel E. Ho

32311: Ideology, Incidence and the Political Economy of Fuel Taxes: Evidence from the California 2018 Proposition 6

Lucas Epstein and Erich Muehlegger

32310: Effects of Income on Infant Health: Evidence from the Expanded Child Tax Credit and Pandemic Stimulus Checks

Wei Lyu, George Wehby and Robert Kaestner

32309: Identification of Marginal Treatment Effects using Subjective Expectations

Joseph S. Briggs, Andrew Caplin, Søren Leth-Petersen and Christopher Tonetti

32308: Changing Central Bank Pressures and Inflation

Hassan Afrouzi, Marina Halac, Kenneth Rogoff and Pierre Yared

32307: Mortality Burden From Wildfire Smoke Under Climate Change

Minghao Qiu, Jessica Li, Carlos F. Gould, Renzhi Jing, Makoto Kelp, Marissa Childs, Mathew Kiang, Sam Heft-Neal, Noah Diffenbaugh and Marshall Burke

32306: Taxation of Capital: Capital Levies and Commitment

Robert Barro and Varadarajan Chari

32305: Beyond Bad Luck: Macroeconomic Implications of Persistent Heterogeneity In Optimism

Oliver Pfäuti, Fabian Seyrich and Jonathan Zinman

32304: Location Sorting and Endogenous Amenities: Evidence from Amsterdam

Milena Almagro and Tomás Domínguez-Iino

32303: The Performance of Emerging Markets During the Fed’s Easing and Tightening Cycles: A Cross-Country Resilience Analysis

Joshua Aizenman, Donghyun Park, Irfan Qureshi, Gazi Uddin and Jamel Saadaoui

32302: The Effect of E-cigarette Taxes on Substance Use

Dhaval Dave, Yang Liang, Johanna Maclean, Caterina Muratori and Joseph J. Sabia

32301: What Hundreds of Economic News Events Say About Belief Overreaction in the Stock Market

Francesco Bianchi, Sydney Ludvigson and Sai Ma

32300: Why Do We Dislike Inflation?

Stefanie Stantcheva

32299: Amazon Self-preferencing in the Shadow of the Digital Markets Act

Joel Waldfogel

32298: Consumption Dynamics and Welfare Under Non-Gaussian Earnings Risk

Fatih Guvenen, Serdar Ozkan and Rocio Madera

32297: Does nothing stop a bullet like a job? The effects of income on crime

Jens Ludwig and Kevin Schnepel

32296: Marginal Returns to Public Universities

Jack Mountjoy

32295: Beliefs that Entertain

Ashvin Gandhi, Paola Giuliano, Eric Guan, Quinn Keefer, Chase McDonald, Michaela Pagel and Joshua Tasoff

32294: The Missing Link? Using LinkedIn Data to Measure Race, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes at Individual Companies

Alexander Berry, Elizabeth M. Maloney and David Neumark

32293: Book Value Risk Management of Banks: Limited Hedging, HTM Accounting, and Rising Interest Rates

João Granja, Erica Xuewei Jiang, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski and Amit Seru

32292: The Influence of Occupational Licensing on Workforce Transitions to Retirement

Yun taek Oh and Morris M. Kleiner

32291: Aggregate Demand Externality and Self-Fulfilling Default Cycles

Jess Benhabib, Feng Dong, Pengfei Wang and Zhenyang Xu

32290: Contracts with Interdependent Preferences

Debraj Ray and Marek Weretka

32289: Discrimination During Eviction Moratoria

Alina Arefeva, Kay Jowers, Qihui Hu and Christopher Timmins

32288: How Does Expropriation Risk Affect Innovation?

Jose-Miguel Benavente, Claudio Bravo-Ortega, Pablo Egaña-delSol and Bronwyn Hall

32287: Blended Finance

Caroline Flammer, Thomas Giroux and Geoffrey Heal

32286: Promoting Public Health with Blunt Instruments: Evidence from Vaccine Mandates

Rahi Abouk, John Earle, Johanna Maclean and Sungbin Park

32285: Explorations of Cumulative Advantage Using Data on French Physicists

Bronwyn Hall and Jacques Mairesse

32284: Deposit Insurance, Uninsured Depositors, and Liquidity Risk During Panics

Matthew Jaremski and Steven Sprick Schuster

32283: Project Development with Delegated Bargaining: The Role of Elevated Hurdle Rates

John W. Barry, Bruce I. Carlin, Alan D. Crane and John Graham

32282: “Something Works” in U.S. Jails: Misconduct and Recidivism Effects of the IGNITE Program

Marcella Alsan, Arkey M. Barnett, Peter Hull and Crystal Yang

32281: Anatomy of Technology and Tasks in the Establishment

Xavier Cirera, Diego Comin and Marcio Cruz

32280: When to Appease and When to Punish: Hitler, Putin, and Hamas

David Levine and Lee Ohanian

32279: 'Morality and Political Economy' from the Vantage Point of Economics

Benjamin Enke

32278: Risk-Adjusting the Returns to Private Debt Funds

Isil Erel, Thomas Flanagan and Michael Weisbach

32277: The Impact of Unions on Wages in the Public Sector: Evidence from Higher Education

Michael Baker, Yosh Halberstam, Kory Kroft, Alexandre Mas and Derek Messacar

32276: Invoicing Currency Choice: Strategic Complementarities and Currency Matching

Yushi Yoshida, Junko Shimizu, Takatoshi Ito, Kiyotaka Sato, Taiyo Yoshimi and Uraku Yoshimoto

32275: The Geography of Capital Allocation in the Euro Area

Roland Beck, Antonio Coppola, Angus Lewis, Matteo Maggiori, Martin Schmitz and Jesse Schreger

32274: Not in My Backyard? The Local Impact of Wind and Solar Parks in Brazil

Fabian Scheifele and David Popp

32273: Ban-the-Box Laws: Fair and Effective?

Robert Kaestner and Xufei Wang

32272: Apart but Connected: Online Tutoring, Cognitive Outcomes, and Soft Skills

Michela Carlana and Eliana La Ferrara

32271: The Distributional Impact of Sectoral Supply and Demand Shifts: A Unified Framework

Nittai K. Bergman, Nir Jaimovich and Itay Saporta-Eksten

32270: Market Power in Artificial Intelligence

Joshua Gans

32269: Comprehensive OOS Evaluation of Predictive Algorithms with Statistical Decision Theory

Jeff Dominitz and Charles Manski

32268: Aggregation, Liquidity, and Asset Prices with Incomplete Markets

Sebastian Di Tella, Benjamin Hebert and Pablo Kurlat

32267: Does Consolidation in Medicare Part D affect Enrollment and Drug Expenditures?

Pinka Chatterji, Chun-Yu Ho, Tao Jin and Yichuan Wang

32266: Forced Migration and Refugees: Policies for Successful Economic and Social Integration

Dany Bahar, Rebecca J. Brough and Giovanni Peri

32265: The Long-Run Impacts of Public Industrial Investment on Local Development and Economic Mobility: Evidence from World War II

Andrew Garin and Jonathan Rothbaum

32264: Attribute-based Subsidies and Market Power: an Application to Electric Vehicles

Panle Barwick, Hyuk-Soo Kwon and Shanjun Li

32263: Shortening the Path to Productive Investment: Evidence from Input Fairs and Cash Transfers in Malawi

Shilpa Aggarwal, Dahyeon Jeong, Naresh Kumar, David Sungho Park, Jonathan Robinson and Alan Spearot

32262: Measuring the Commercial Potential of Science

Roger Masclans, Sharique Hasan and Wesley M. Cohen

32261: 3D-PCA: Factor Models with Restrictions

Martin Lettau

32260: Navigating Higher Education Insurance: An Experimental Study on Demand and Adverse Selection

Sidhya Balakrishnan, Eric Bettinger, Michael Kofoed, Dubravka Ritter, Douglas Webber, Ege Aksu and Jonathan S. Hartley

32259: Effects of COVID-19 Shutdowns on Domestic Violence in the U.S

Yutong Chen, Amalia Miller, Carmit Segal and Melissa Spencer

32258: Tunneling and Hidden Profits in Health Care

Ashvin Gandhi and Andrew Olenski

32257: The Impact of Municipal Broadband Restrictions on COVID-19 Labor Market Outcomes

Saket S. Hegde and Jessica Van Parys

32256: Banks in Space

Ezra Oberfield, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Nicholas Trachter and Derek T. Wenning

32255: Scenarios for the Transition to AGI

Anton Korinek and Donghyun Suh

32254: Regulation of Access, Pricing, and Planning of High Voltage Transmission in the U.S

Joe DeLosa, Johannes P. Pfeifenberger and Paul Joskow

32253: The Household Equipment Revolution

Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Jeremy Greenwood and Nezih Guner

32252: Re-assessing the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis

David Card, Jesse Rothstein and Moises Yi

32251: Non-robustness of Diffusion Estimates on Networks with Measurement Error

Arun Chandrasekhar, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, Tyler McCormick, Samuel A. Thau and Jerry Wei

32250: Size Matters: Matching Externalities and the Advantages of Large Labor Markets

Enrico Moretti and Moises Yi

32249: The Effect of Price Caps on Advertising to Physicians: Evidence from the 340b Drug Pricing Program

Sylvia Hristakeva, Julie Mortimer and Eric Yde

32248: Asset Demand and Real Interest Rates

Paul Beaudry, Katya Kartashova and Cesaire Meh

32247: Technological Synergies, Heterogeneous Firms, and Uncertainty Shocks

Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde, Yang Yu and Francesco Zanetti

32246: On the Spatial Determinants of Educational Access

Francesco Agostinelli, Margaux Luflade and Paolo Martellini

32245: Spillovers and Spillbacks

Sushant Acharya and Paolo Pesenti

32244: Adaptation Using Financial Markets: Climate Risk Diversification through Securitization

Matthew Kahn, Amine Ouazad and Erkan Yönder

32243: Community Engagement with Law Enforcement after High-profile Acts of Police Violence

Desmond Ang, Panka Bencsik, Jesse M. Bruhn and Ellora Derenoncourt

32242: Competing Narratives in Action: An Empirical Analysis of Model Adoption Dynamics

Marco Angrisani, Anya Samek and Ricardo Serrano-Padial

32241: Can VAT Cuts and Anti-Profiteering Measures Dampen the Effects of Food Price Inflation?

Youssef Benzarti, Santiago Garriga and Dario Tortarolo

32240: Within-Firm Pay Inequality and Productivity

Melanie Wallskog, Nicholas Bloom, Scott Ohlmacher and Cristina Tello-Trillo

32239: Evaluating and Pricing Health Insurance in Lower-income Countries: A Field Experiment in India

Anup Malani, Cynthia Kinnan, Gabriella Conti, Kosuke Imai, Morgen Miller, Shailender Swaminathan, Alessandra Voena and Bartosz Woda

32238: Sticky Discount Rates

Masao Fukui, Niels Gormsen and Kilian Huber

32237: Central Banking Post Crises

Michael Kiley and Frederic Mishkin

32236: The Effect of Early Childhood Programs on Third-Grade Test Scores: Evidence from Transitional Kindergarten in Michigan

Jordan S. Berne, Brian A. Jacob, Tareena Musaddiq, Anna Shapiro and Christina Weiland

32235: On the Feasibility, Costs, and Benefits of an Immediate Phasedown of Coal for U.S. Electricity Generation

Stephen Holland, Matthew Kotchen, Erin Mansur and Andrew Yates

32234: On Recoding Ordered Treatments as Binary Indicators

Evan K. Rose and Yotam Shem-Tov

32233: Driving Under the Influence of Allergies: The Effect of Seasonal Pollen on Traffic Fatalities

Shooshan Danagoulian and Monica Deza

32232: Air Pollution, Wildfire Smoke, and Worker Health

Marika Cabral and Marcus Dillender

32231: A Practical Guide to Endogeneity Correction Using Copulas

Yi Qian, Anthony Koschmann and Hui Xie

32230: Sectoral Development Multipliers

Francisco Buera and Nicholas Trachter

32229: Toward an Understanding of the Returns to Cognitive Skills Across Cohorts

Judith Hellerstein, Sai Luo and Sergio S. Urzúa

32228: The Market and Climate Implications of U.S. LNG Exports

James Stock and Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins