NBER Working Papers

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31580: Roots of Inequality

Oded Galor, Marc Klemp and Daniel Wainstock

31579: Broadband Internet Access and Health Outcomes: Patient and Provider Responses in Medicare

Jessica Van Parys and Zach Brown

31578: Long Term Expectations and Aggregate Fluctuations

Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Rafael La Porta, Matthew O'Brien and Andrei Shleifer

31577: Did the U.S. Really Grow Out of Its World War II Debt?

Julien Acalin and Laurence Ball

31576: The Changing Skill Content of Private Sector Union Coverage

Samuel Dodini, Michael Lovenheim and Alexander Willén

31575: The Value of Intermediaries for GSE Loans

Joshua Bosshardt, Ali Kakhbod and Amir Kermani

31574: Accounting for Environmental Activity: Measuring Public Environmental Expenditures and the Environmental Goods and Services Sector in the US

Dennis Fixler, Julie L. Hass, Tina Highfill, Kelly M. Wentland and Scott A. Wentland

31573: On the Source and Instability of Probability Weighting

Cary Frydman and Lawrence Jin

31572: Skills, Majors, and Jobs: Does Higher Education Respond?

Johnathan G. Conzelmann, Steven W. Hemelt, Brad Hershbein, Shawn M. Martin, Andrew Simon and Kevin Stange

31571: How to Fund Unemployment Insurance with Informality and False Claims: Evidence From Senegal

Abdoulaye Ndiaye, Kyle Herkenhoff, Abdoulaye Cisse, Alessandro Dell'Acqua and Ahmadou Aly Mbaye

31570: The Search for Good Jobs: Evidence from a Six-year Field Experiment in Uganda

Oriana Bandiera, Vittorio Bassi, Robin Burgess, Imran Rasul, Munshi Sulaiman and Anna Vitali

31569: Productivity Variation and Input Misallocation: Evidence from Hospitals

Amitabh Chandra, Carrie Colla and Jonathan Skinner

31568: Causal Effects of Renewable Portfolio Standards on Renewable Investments and Generation: The Role of Heterogeneity and Dynamics

Olivier Deschenes, Christopher Malloy and Gavin G. McDonald

31567: Drinking Water Contaminant Concentrations and Birth Outcomes

Richard DiSalvo and Elaine Hill

31566: The Summer Drop in Female Employment

Brendan M. Price and Melanie Wasserman

31565: Author Country of Origin and Attention on Open Science Platforms: Evidence from COVID-19 Preprints

Caroline Fry and Megan MacGarvie

31564: Testing Above the Limit: Drinking Water Contamination and Test Scores

Michelle M. Marcus

31563: Seniority

DongIk Kang and Miles Kimball

31562: Who Benefits From The Export-Import Bank Aid?

Efraim Benmelech and Joao Monteiro

31561: Strategic Money and Credit Ledgers

Markus Brunnermeier and Jonathan Payne

31560: The Effect of Child Endowment on Fertility Choices

Victor Lavy and Yeshaya Nussbaum

31559: Monitoring for Waste: Evidence from Medicare Audits

Maggie Shi

31558: Artificial Intelligence and Scientific Discovery: A Model of Prioritized Search

Ajay Agrawal, John McHale and Alexander Oettl

31557: The Effect of Medicaid Expansion on the Take-up of Disability Benefits by Race and Ethnicity

Becky Staiger, Madeline S. Helfer and Jessica Van Parys

31556: School Accountability, Long-Run Criminal Activity, and Self-Sufficiency

Ozkan Eren, David Figlio, Naci Mocan and Orgul Ozturk

31555: The Dynastic Benefits of Early Childhood Education: Participant Benefits and Family Spillovers

Jorge Luis Garcia, Frederik Bennhoff and Duncan Ermini Leaf

31554: Urban Forests: Environmental Health Values and Risks

Jianwei Xing, Zhiren Hu, Fan Xia, Jintao Xu and Eric Zou

31553: The Impact of Public School Choice: Evidence from Los Angeles' Zones of Choice

Christopher Campos and Caitlin Kearns

31552: Trends in Social Security Incentives in Belgium

Anne-Lore Fraikin, Alain Jousten and Mathieu Lefebvre

31551: Market Access and Migration: Evidence from the Panama Canal Opening during the First Great Migration

Sebastian Galiani, Luis F. Jaramillo and Mateo Uribe-Castro

31550: Estimating the Spatial Amplification of Damage Caused by Degradation in the Amazon

Rafael Araujo, Juliano Assuncao, Marina Hirota and Jose Scheinkman

31549: Micro vs Macro Labor Supply Elasticities: The Role of Dynamic Returns to Effort

Henrik Kleven, Claus Kreiner, Kristian Larsen and Jakob Søgaard

31548: Unpacking P-Hacking and Publication Bias

Abel Brodeur, Scott Carrell, David Figlio and Lester Lusher

31547: Selling Subscriptions

Liran Einav, Benjamin Klopack and Neale Mahoney

31546: The Effects of Social Insurance Benefits on Leaving Employment at Older Ages in the Netherlands

Adriaan Kalwij and Arie Kapteyn

31545: Divorce and Property Division Laws Shape Human Capital Investment

Peter Q. Blair and Elijah Neilson

31544: Why Global and Local Solutions of Open-Economy Models with Incomplete Markets Differ and Why it Matters

Oliver de Groot, C. Bora Durdu and Enrique Mendoza

31543: Managing an Energy Shock: Fiscal and Monetary Policy

Adrien Auclert, Hugo Monnery, Matthew Rognlie and Ludwig Straub

31542: Who Benefits from Remote Schooling? Self-Selection and Match Effects

Jesse M. Bruhn, Christopher Campos, Eric Chyn and Anh Tran

31541: Accelerating Innovation Ecosystems: The Promise and Challenges of Regional Innovation Engines

Jorge Guzman, Fiona Murray, Scott Stern and Heidi Williams

31540: Raising State Minimum Wages, Lowering Community College Enrollment

Diane Schanzenbach, Julia A. Turner and Sarah Turner

31539: Workers and the Green-Energy Transition: Evidence from 300 Million Job Transitions

E Curtis, Layla O'Kane and R. Jisung Park

31538: The New Economics of Industrial Policy

Réka Juhász, Nathaniel Lane and Dani Rodrik

31537: How do Financial Crises Redistribute Risk?

Kris James Mitchener and Angela Vossmeyer

31536: Disadvantaging Rivals: Vertical Integration in the Pharmaceutical Market

Charles Gray, Abby E. Alpert and Neeraj Sood

31535: Youth Labor Force Participation, Education, and Human Capital in Asia, by Gender, 1990-2019

Barbara M. Fraumeni

31534: Fear or Knowledge The Impact of Graphic Cigarette Warnings on Tobacco Product Choices

Donald Kenkel, Alan Mathios, Grace N. Phillips, Revathy Suryanarayana, Hua Wang and Sen Zeng

31533: Temperature, Adaptation, and Local Industry Concentration

Jacopo Ponticelli, Qiping Xu and Stefan Zeume

31532: Trends in the Retirement Preparedness of Black and Hispanic Households in the US

Edward N. Wolff

31531: The Impact of Violence on the Dynamics of Migration: Evidence from the Mexican Revolution

David Escamilla-Guerrero, Edward Kosack and Zachary Ward

31530: Converting Brown Offices to Green Apartments

Arpit Gupta, Candy Martinez and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

31529: Using Lotteries to Attract Deposits

Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, Aisling Scott and Enrique Seira Bejarano

31528: Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin

Steven Davis and Pawel Krolikowski

31527: The Disparate Impacts of College Admissions Policies on Asian American Applicants

Joshua Grossman, Sabina Tomkins, Lindsay C. Page and Sharad Goel

31526: The Shadow Price of Capital: Accounting for Capital Displacement in Cost Benefit Analysis

Richard Newell, William Pizer and Brian Prest

31525: The Impact of Vaccines and Behavior on U.S. Cumulative Deaths from COVID-19

Andrew Atkeson

31524: Risk Preferences Over Health: Empirical Estimates and Implications for Healthcare Decision-Making

Karen Mulligan, Drishti Baid, Jason Doctor, Charles E. Phelps and Darius Lakdawalla

31523: Estimating the Impact of the Age of Criminal Majority: Decomposing Multiple Treatments in a Regression Discontinuity Framework

Michael G. Mueller-Smith, Benjamin Pyle and Caroline Walker

31522: Temperature and Maltreatment of Young Children

Mary Evans, Ludovica Gazze and Jessamyn Schaller

31521: Research and/or Development? Financial Frictions and Innovation Investment

Filippo Mezzanotti and Timothy Simcoe

31520: US Monetary Policy and the Return to Price Stability

Richard Clarida

31519: Currency Areas, Labor Markets, and Regional Cyclical Sensitivity

Katheryn Russ, Jay Shambaugh and Sanjay Singh

31518: Is This Time Different? The Safety Net Response to the Pandemic Recession

Erik Hembre, Robert Moffitt and James Ziliak

31517: Measuring Economic Growth with a Fully Identified Three-Signal Model

Andrea Civelli, Arya Gaduh and Ahmed Yousuf

31516: Understanding Rationality and Disagreement in House Price Expectations

Zigang Li, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh and Wang Renxuan

31515: Working from Home, Worker Sorting and Development

David Atkin, Antoinette Schoar and Sumit Shinde

31514: Information Dynamics and Macro Fluctuations

Kyriakos T. Chousakos, Gary Gorton and Guillermo Ordonez

31513: Global Transportation Decarbonization

David Rapson and Erich Muehlegger

31512: The (Lack of) Anticipatory Effects of the Social Safety Net on Human Capital Investment

ManasI Deshpande and Rebecca Dizon-Ross

31511: Scenario Sampling for Large Supermodular Games

Bryan Graham and Andrin Pelican

31510: Information Aggregation in Stratified Societies

Marina Agranov, Ran Eilat and Konstantin Sonin

31509: The Pervasive Influence of Ideology at the Federal Circuit Courts

Alma Cohen

31508: Optimal Monetary Policy with r*

Roberto Billi, Jordi Galí and Anton Nakov

31507: Information and the Formation of Inflation Expectations by Firms: Evidence from a Survey of Israeli Firms

Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Rafi Melnick and Ari Kutai

31506: Strategyproofness-Exposing Mechanism Descriptions

Yannai A. Gonczarowski, Ori Heffetz and Clayton Thomas

31505: Measuring Financial Integration: More Data, More Countries, More Expectations

Menzie Chinn and Hiro Ito

31504: Learning and Expectations in Dynamic Spatial Economies

Jingting Fan, Sungwan Hong and Fernando Parro

31503: Keep your Enemies Closer: Strategic Platform Adjustments during U.S. and French Elections

Rafael Di Tella, Randy Kotti, Caroline Le Pennec and Vincent Pons

31502: Financial Machine Learning

Bryan T. Kelly and Dacheng Xiu

31501: Constitutions and Order: A Theory and Evidence from Colombia and the United States

Leopoldo Fergusson, Javier Mejia, James Robinson and Santiago Torres

31500: Policy Decentralization in the Post-Prohibition Era

Andrew Arnold and Holger Sieg

31499: Social Security Claiming Intentions: Psychological Ownership, Loss Aversion, and Information Displays

Suzanne Shu and John W. Payne

31498: Selection-Neglect in the NFT Bubble

Dong Huang and William Goetzmann

31497: Were COVID and the Great Recession Well-being Reducing?

David Blanchflower and Alex Bryson

31496: Pandemic, War, Inflation: Oil Markets at a Crossroads?

Christiane Baumeister

31495: Conservation Priorities and Environmental Offsets: Markets for Florida Wetlands

Daniel Aronoff and Will Rafey

31494: Remote Work and City Structure

Ferdinando Monte, Charly Porcher and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg

31493: To What Extent are Trends in Teen Mental Health Driven by Changes in Reporting? The Example of Suicide-Related Hospital Visits

Adriana Corredor-Waldron and Janet Currie

31492: Diversifying Society’s Leaders? The Determinants and Causal Effects of Admission to Highly Selective Private Colleges

Raj Chetty, David Deming and John Friedman

31491: Under the Same Umbrella: Public Health Insurance Expansions and the Uniformity of Insurance for Families

Sarah Hamersma, Daniel S. Grossman and Daniel Tello-Trillo

31490: Discrimination in Multi-Phase Systems: Evidence from Child Protection

E. Jason Baron, Joseph J. Doyle, Natalia Emanuel, Peter Hull and Joseph P. Ryan

31489: Housing, Household Debt, and the Business Cycle: An Application to China and Korea

Amir Sufi

31488: Exporting, Global Sourcing, and Multinational Activity: Theory and Evidence from the United States

Pol Antras, Evgenii Fadeev, Teresa Fort and Felix Tintelnot

31487: Innovation, Inventor Mobility, and the Enforceability of Noncompete Agreements

Matthew S. Johnson, Michael Lipsitz and Alison Pei

31486: More Unequal We Stand? Inequality Dynamics in the United States 1967–2021

Jonathan Heathcote, Fabrizio Perri, Giovanni Violante and Lichen Zhang

31485: Tell Me Something I Don’t Already Know: Learning in Low and High-Inflation Settings

Michael Weber, Bernardo Candia, Hassan Afrouzi, Tiziano Ropele, Rodrigo Lluberas, Serafin Frache, Brent Meyer, Saten Kumar, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Dimitris Georgarakos, Olivier Coibion, Geoff Kenny and Jorge Ponce

31484: Aggregate Lending and Modern Financial Intermediation: Why Bank Balance Sheet Models are Miscalibrated

Greg Buchak, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski and Amit Seru

31483: The Expansionary and Contractionary Supply-Side Effects of Health Insurance

Eilidh Geddes and Molly Schnell

31482: Minimum Tax Rates and Tax Competition: Evidence from Property Tax Limits in Finland

Teemu Lyytikäinen

31481: The Impact of Money in Politics on Labor and Capital: Evidence from Citizens United v. FEC

Pat Akey, Tania Babina, Greg Buchak and Ana-Maria Tenekedjieva