NBER Working Papers

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12239: Discounting Dollars, Discounting Lives: Intergenerational Distributive Justice and Efficiency

Louis Kaplow

12238: U.S.-Based Private Voluntary Organizations: Religious and Secular PVOs Engaged in International Relief & Development

Rachel M. McCleary and Robert Barro

12237: Early Retirement and Public Disability Insurance Applications: Exploring the Impact of Depression

Rena Conti, Ernst R. Berndt and Richard G. Frank

12236: Econometric Risk Adjustment, Endogeneity, and Extrapolation Bias

John Mullahy

12235: Sudden Stops and IMF-Supported Programs

Barry Eichengreen, Poonam Gupta and Ashoka Mody

12234: Managing Bank Liquidity Risk: How Deposit-Loan Synergies Vary with Market Conditions

Evan Gatev, Til Schuermann and Philip E. Strahan

12233: The International CAPM and a Wavelet-Based Decomposition of Value at Risk

Viviana Fernandez

12232: Medicaid Policy Changes in Mental Health Care and Their Effect on Mental Health Outcomes

Alison Cuellar and Sara Markowitz

12231: Prices, Spatial Competition, and Heterogenous Producers: An Empirical Test

Chad Syverson

12230: On the Optimal Timing of Benefits with Heterogeneous Workers and Human Capital Depreciation

Robert Shimer and Iván Werning

12229: Monetary Unions, External Shocks and Economic Performance: A Latin American Perspective

Sebastian Edwards

12228: An Elephant in the Garden: The Allies, Spain, and Oil in World War II

Leonardo Caruana and Hugh Rockoff

12227: The Cost of Complexity in Federal Student Aid: Lessons from Optimal Tax Theory and Behavioral Economics

Susan Dynarski and Judith E. Scott-Clayton

12226: Prizes for Basic Research -- Human Capital, Economic Might and the Shadow of History

Joshua Aizenman and Ilan Noy

12225: Tax Competition With Parasitic Tax Havens

Joel Slemrod and John Wilson

12224: Markets Versus Governments: Political Economy of Mechanisms

Daron Acemoglu, Mikhail Golosov and Aleh Tsyvinski

12223: Sensation Seeking, Overconfidence, and Trading Activity

Mark Grinblatt and Matti Keloharju

12222: Do Foreigners Invest Less in Poorly Governed Firms?

Christian Leuz, Karl Lins and Francis Warnock

12221: Crime and Young Men: The Role of Arrest, Criminal Experience, and Heterogeneity

Susumu Imai, Hajime Katayama and Kala Krishna

12220: International Diversification at Home and Abroad

Fang Cai and Francis Warnock

12219: Are Valuation Effects Desirable from a Global Perspective?

Pierpaolo Benigno

12218: Baumol's Diseases: A Macroeconomic Perspective

William Nordhaus

12217: Multinationals, Technology, and the Introduction of Varieties of Goods

Irene Brambilla

12216: Measuring and Explaining Management Practices Across Firms and Countries

Nicholas Bloom and John van Reenen

12215: Expenditure Switching vs. Real Exchange Rate Stabilization: Competing Objectives for Exchange Rate Policy

Michael Devereux and Charles Engel

12214: Portfolio Choice in a Monetary Open-Economy DSGE Model

Charles Engel and Akito Matsumoto

12213: Expectations and Exchange Rate Policy

Michael Devereux and Charles Engel

12212: Home Production, Market Production and the Gender Wage Gap: Incentives and Expectations

Stefania Albanesi and Claudia Olivetti

12211: Identifying Individual and Group Effects in the Presence of Sorting: A Neighborhood Effects Application

Patrick Bayer and Stephen Ross

12210: An Empirical Analysis of the Pricing of Collateralized Debt Obligations

Francis Longstaff and Arvind Rajan

12209: Buy, Lobby or Sue: Interest Groups' Participation in Policy Making - A Selective Survey

Pablo Spiller and Sanny Liao

12208: The Effects of State Medicaid Policies on the Dynamic Savings Patterns of the Elderly

Lara Gardner and Donna Gilleskie

12207: The Academic Achievement Gap in Grades 3 to 8

Charles Clotfelter, Helen Ladd and Jacob Vigdor

12206: Technology, Information and the Decentralization of the Firm

Daron Acemoglu, Philippe Aghion, Claire Lelarge, John van Reenen and Fabrizio Zilibotti

12205: Redistribution by Insurance Market Regulation: Analyzing a Ban on Gender-Based Retirement Annuities

Amy Finkelstein, James Poterba and Casey Rothschild

12204: Intergenerational Risksharing and Equilibrium Asset Prices

John Campbell and Yves Nosbusch

12203: Is IPO Underperformance a Peso Problem?

Andrew Ang, Li Gu and Yael V. Hochberg

12202: Pay, Reference Points, and Police Performance

Alexandre Mas

12201: The Effect of Taxes on Efficiency and Growth

Martin Feldstein

12200: Interpreting Prediction Market Prices as Probabilities

Justin Wolfers and Eric Zitzewitz

12199: Do High School Exit Exams Influence Educational Attainment or Labor Market Performance?

Thomas Dee and Brian A. Jacob

12198: Stabilization of Effective Exchange Rates Under Common Currency Basket Systems

Eiji Ogawa and Junko Shimizu

12197: The Effects of Health on Health Insurance Status in Fragile Families

Hope Corman, Anne Carroll, Kelly Noonan and Nancy E. Reichman

12196: Organizing Offshoring: Middle Managers and Communication Costs

Pol Antras, Luis Garicano and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg

12195: The Private Value of Software Patents

Bronwyn Hall and Megan MacGarvie

12194: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment

Richard Clarida

12193: Are There Thresholds of Current Account Adjustment in the G7?

Richard Clarida, Manuela Goretti and Mark Taylor

12192: Trade Liberalization with Heterogenous Firms

Richard Baldwin and Rikard Forslid

12191: Size Really Doesn't Matter: In Search of a National Scale Effect

Andrew K. Rose

12190: Pork Barrel Cycles

Allan Drazen and Marcela Eslava

12189: One World Money, Then and Now

Michael Bordo and Harold James

12188: What Determines Bilateral Trade Flows?

Marianne Baxter and Michael Kouparitsas

12187: Debt Relief

Serkan Arslanalp and Peter Henry

12186: Firm-Specific Information and the Efficiency of Investment

Anusha Chari and Peter Henry

12185: Analyzing Artistic Innovation: The Greatest Breakthroughs of the Twentieth Century

David Galenson

12184: Intensive Medical Care and Cardiovascular Disease Disability Reductions

David Cutler, Mary Beth Landrum and Kate A. Stewart

12183: The Expected Value Premium

Long Chen, Ralitsa Petkova and Lu Zhang

12182: The Diffusion of the Internet and the Geography of the Digital Divide in the United States

Shane Greenstein and Jeffrey Prince

12181: AIDS, "Reversal" of the Demographic Transition and Economic Development: Evidence from Africa

Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan

12180: Peer Effects in European Primary Schools: Evidence from PIRLS

Andreas Ammermueller and Jorn-Steffen Pischke

12179: Public Preschool and Maternal Labor Supply: Evidence from the Introduction of Kindergartens into American Public Schools

Elizabeth Cascio

12178: The Post MFA Performance of Developing Asia

John Whalley

12177: Scarcity Rents in Car Retailing: Evidence from Inventory Fluctuations at Dealerships

Florian Zettelmeyer, Fiona Scott Morton and Jorge Silva-Risso

12176: Comprehensive versus Selective Schooling in England in Wales: What Do We Know?

Jorn-Steffen Pischke and Alan Manning

12175: Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic Change

Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini

12174: Belief Flipping in a Dynamic Model of Statistical Discrimination

Roland Fryer

12173: The Relative Sophistication of Chinese Exports

Peter Schott

12172: Movement of Star Scientists and Engineers and High-Tech Firm Entry

Lynne Zucker and Michael Darby

12171: Does Child Abuse Cause Crime?

Janet Currie and Erdal Tekin

12170: Inadequacy of Nation-Based and VaR-Based Safety Nets in the European Union

Edward Kane

12169: The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting

Stefano DellaVigna and Ethan Kaplan

12168: The 2006 Economic Report of the President: Comment on Chapter One (The Year in Review) and Chapter Six (The Capital Account Surplus)

Martin Feldstein

12167: The Flow Approach to Labor Markets: New Data Sources and Micro-Macro Links

Steven Davis, Jason Faberman and John Haltiwanger

12166: Identification of Search Models with Initial Condition Problems

Gadi Barlevy and H.N. Nagaraja

12165: Execution Risk

Robert Engle and Robert Ferstenberg

12164: Putting the Lid on Lobbying: Tariff Structure and Long-Term Growth when Protection is for Sale

Nathan Nunn and Daniel Trefler

12163: The Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Inflation Targeting Revisited

Sebastian Edwards

12162: Tariff Incidence in America's Gilded Age

Douglas Irwin

12161: Antebellum Tariff Politics: Coalition Formation and Shifting Regional Interests

Douglas Irwin

12160: The Impact of Federation on Australia's Trade Flows

Douglas Irwin

12159: The Short- and Long-Term Career Effects of Graduating in a Recession: Hysteresis and Heterogeneity in the Market for College Graduates

Philip Oreopoulos, Till von Wachter and Andrew Heisz

12158: Optimal Inflation Targeting under Alternative Fiscal Regimes

Pierpaolo Benigno and Michael Woodford

12157: The Macro-Foundations of Microeconomics: Initial Labor Market Conditions and Long-Term Outcomes for Economists

Paul Oyer

12156: Consumer Demand under Price Uncertainty: Empirical Evidence from the Market for Cigarettes

Mark Coppejans, Donna Gilleskie, Holger Sieg and Koleman Strumpf

12155: What Does Certification Tell Us About Teacher Effectiveness? Evidence from New York City

Thomas J. Kane, Jonah E. Rockoff and Doug Staiger

12154: The U.S. Current Account Deficit: Gradual Correction or Abrupt Adjustment?

Sebastian Edwards

12153: The Diffusion of Development

Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg

12152: An Economist Sells Bagels: A Case Study in Profit Maximization

Steven Levitt

12151: Why Do IPO Auctions Fail?

Ravi Jagannathan and Ann Sherman

12150: Abortion and Selection

Elizabeth Oltmans Ananat, Jonathan Gruber, Phillip Levine and Doug Staiger

12149: Household Finance

John Campbell

12148: Open Source Software: The New Intellectual Property Paradigm

Stephen M. Maurer and Suzanne Scotchmer

12147: Population Aging

David Weil

12146: Investment Taxes and Equity Returns

Clemens Sialm

12145: Preferences and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in a Public School Choice Lottery

Justine Hastings, Thomas J. Kane and Doug Staiger

12144: Optimal Decentralized Investment Management

Jules van Binsbergen, Michael W. Brandt and Ralph Koijen

12143: The New Promised Land: Black-White Convergence in the American South, 1960-2000

Jacob Vigdor

12142: The Causes of Japan's "Lost Decade": The Role of Household Consumption

Charles Horioka

12141: Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States

Gordon Hanson

12140: The Dynamics of the Age Structure, Dependency, and Consumption

Heinrich Hock and David Weil