NBER Working Papers

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20561: Mortgage Rates, Household Balance Sheets, and the Real Economy

Benjamin Keys, Tomasz Piskorski, Amit Seru and Vincent Yao

20560: The Glass Ceiling and The Paper Floor: Gender Differences among Top Earners, 1981-2012

Fatih Guvenen, Greg Kaplan and Jae Song

20559: Negotiating for the Market

Joshua Gans

20558: Does Transparency Lead to Pay Compression?

Alexandre Mas

20557: Compulsory Schooling Laws and Formation of Beliefs: Education, Religion and Superstition

Naci Mocan and Luiza Pogorelova

20556: Dynamic Debt Deleveraging and Optimal Monetary Policy

Pierpaolo Benigno, Gauti Eggertsson and Federica Romei

20555: Resurrecting the Role of the Product Market Wedge in Recessions

Mark Bils, Pete Klenow and Benjamin Malin

20554: The Price of Stability: The balance sheet policy of the Banque de France and the Gold Standard (1880-1914)

Guillaume Bazot, Michael Bordo and Eric Monnet

20553: Investment Subsidies and the Adoption of Electronic Medical Records in Hospitals

David Dranove, Craig Garthwaite, Bingyang Li and Christopher Ody

20552: A Theory of Minimalist Democracy

Chris Bidner, Patrick Francois and Francesco Trebbi

20551: How Do the "GATS-Plus" and "GATS-Minus" Characteristics of Regional Service Agreements Affect Trade in Services?

Nianli Zhou and John Whalley

20550: Reexamining the Cyclical Behavior of the Relative Price of Investment

Paul Beaudry, Alban Moura and Franck Portier

20549: Insurance Markets for the Elderly

Hanming Fang

20548: The Market Impacts of Pharmaceutical Product Patents in Developing Countries: Evidence from India

Mark Duggan, Craig Garthwaite and Aparajita Goyal

20547: Annuitized Wealth and Post-Retirement Saving

John Laitner, Dan Silverman and Dmitriy Stolyarov

20546: Distributional Effects of Means Testing Social Security: An Exploratory Analysis

Alan Gustman, Thomas Steinmeier and Nahid Tabatabai

20545: Monetary Policy in Open Economies: Practical Perspectives for Pragmatic Central Bankers

Richard Clarida

20544: Investment Banks as Corporate Monitors in the Early 20th Century United States

Carola Frydman and Eric Hilt

20543: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Small Business Administration Lending on Growth: Evidence from U.S. County-Level Data

Andrew Young, Matthew Higgins, Donald J. Lacombe and Briana Sell

20542: The Value of Informativeness for Contracting

Pierre Chaigneau, Alex Edmans and Daniel Gottlieb

20541: Belt and Suspenders and More: The Incremental Impact of Energy Efficiency Subsidies in the Presence of Existing Policy Instruments

Sébastien Houde and Joseph Aldy

20540: Robust Benchmark Design

Darrell Duffie and Piotr Dworczak

20539: Early Life Environment and Racial Inequality in Education and Earnings in the United States

Kenneth Chay, Jonathan Guryan and Bhashkar Mazumder

20538: Competitive Pressure and the Decline of the Rust Belt: A Macroeconomic Analysis

Simeon Alder, David Lagakos and Lee Ohanian

20537: The Effect of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Use on Crime: Evidence from Public Insurance Expansions and Health Insurance Parity Mandates

Hefei Wen, Jason Hockenberry and Janet R. Cummings

20536: Regulation and Housing Supply

Joseph Gyourko and Raven Molloy

20535: Causal Inference in Urban and Regional Economics

Nathaniel Baum-Snow and Fernando Ferreira

20534: Estimating the Value Added of Attending Physicians on Patient Outcomes

Jason Fletcher, Leora I. Horwitz and Elizabeth Bradley

20533: Procyclical and Countercyclical Fiscal Multipliers: Evidence from OECD Countries

Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

20532: Generic Competition and the Incentives for Early-Stage Pharmaceutical Innovation

Lee Branstetter, Chirantan Chatterjee and Matthew Higgins

20531: Cashier or Consultant? Entry Labor Market Conditions, Field of Study, and Career Success

Joseph Altonji, Lisa Kahn and Jamin Speer

20530: In Praise of Frank Ramsey's Contribution to the Theory of Taxation

Joseph Stiglitz

20529: The Impatient Salesperson and the Delegation of Pricing Authority

Edward Lazear

20528: The Value of Postsecondary Credentials in the Labor Market: An Experimental Study

David Deming, Noam Yuchtman, Amira Abulafi, Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz

20527: Precautionary Saving of Chinese and U.S. Households

Horag Choi, Steven Lugauer and Nelson Mark

20526: International Financial Integration and Crisis Contagion

Michael Devereux and Changhua Yu

20525: Why is Infant Mortality Higher in the US than in Europe?

Alice Chen, Emily Oster and Heidi Williams

20524: Non-Legal-Tender Paper Money: The Structure and Performance of Maryland's Bills of Credit, 1767-1775

Jim Celia and Farley Grubb

20523: The Bidder Exclusion Effect

Dominic Coey, Bradley Larsen and Kane Sweeney

20522: Remittance Responses to Temporary Discounts: A Field Experiment among Central American Migrants

Kate Ambler, Diego Aycinena and Dean Yang

20521: Immigration, International Collaboration, and Innovation: Science and Technology Policy in the Global Economy

Richard Freeman

20520: Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection

Will Dobbie and Jae Song

20519: Incumbency Advantage in Non-Democracies

Georgy Egorov and Konstantin Sonin

20518: Monetary Policy Effectiveness in China: Evidence from a FAVAR Model

John Fernald, Mark Spiegel and Eric Swanson

20517: Reconstructing Macroeconomic Theory to Manage Economic Policy

Joseph Stiglitz

20516: Strategic Trading in Informationally Complex Environments

Nicolas Lambert, Michael Ostrovsky and Mikhail Panov

20515: Risk Corridors and Reinsurance in Health Insurance Marketplaces: Insurance for Insurers

Timothy Layton, Thomas G. McGuire and Anna D. Sinaiko

20514: Appropriability Mechanisms, Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from the UK

Bronwyn Hall and Vania Sena

20513: On the Ethnic Origins of African Development Chiefs and Pre-colonial Political Centralization

Stelios Michalopoulos and Elias Papaioannou

20512: Permission to Exist

Martin Byford and Joshua Gans

20511: The Impact of No Child Left Behind's Accountability Sanctions on School Performance: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from North Carolina

Tom Ahn and Jacob Vigdor

20510: Real Exchange Rates and Sectoral Productivity in the Eurozone

Martin Berka, Michael Devereux and Charles Engel

20509: Misclassification in Binary Choice Models

Bruce Meyer and Nikolas Mittag

20508: Dutch Disease or Agglomeration? The Local Economic Effects of Natural Resource Booms in Modern America

Hunt Allcott and Daniel Keniston

20507: The Federal Reserve's Abandonment of its 1923 Principles

Julio Rotemberg

20506: Demographics and Entrepreneurship

James Liang, Hui Wang and Edward Lazear

20505: Finishing Degrees and Finding Jobs: U.S. Higher Education and the Flow of Foreign IT Workers

John Bound, Murat Demirci, Gaurav Khanna and Sarah Turner

20504: Public Goods and Ethnic Diversity: Evidence from Deforestation in Indonesia

Alberto Alesina, Caterina Gennaioli and Stefania Lovo

20503: Cities and the Environment

Matthew Kahn and Randall Walsh

20502: Growth, Trade, and Inequality

Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman

20501: The Great Mortgaging: Housing Finance, Crises, and Business Cycles

Oscar Jorda, Moritz Schularick and Alan Taylor

20500: The Economics of Attribute-Based Regulation: Theory and Evidence from Fuel-Economy Standards

Koichiro Ito and James Sallee

20499: Should Hospitals Keep Their Patients Longer? The Role of Inpatient Care in Reducing Post-Discharge Mortality

Ann P. Bartel, Carri W. Chan and Song-Hee (Hailey) Kim

20498: International Trade and Intertemporal Substitution

Fernando Leibovici and Michael Waugh

20497: Why Do People Give? Testing Pure and Impure Altruism

Mark Wilhelm, Lise Vesterlund and Huan Xie

20496: Household Debt: Facts, Puzzles, Theories, and Policies

Jonathan Zinman

20495: Trade Models, Trade Elasticities, and the Gains from Trade

Ina Simonovska and Michael Waugh

20494: The Bond Market: An Inflation-Targeter's Best Friend

Andrew Rose

20493: Leaders and Followers: Perspectives on the Nordic Model and the Economics of Innovation

Joseph Stiglitz

20492: Patents and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs

Iain Cockburn, Jean Lanjouw and Mark Schankerman

20491: Fertility and Financial Development: Evidence from U.S. Counties in the 19th Century

Alberto Basso, Howard Bodenhorn and David Cuberes

20490: Banks, Liquidity Management and Monetary Policy

Javier Bianchi and Saki Bigio

20489: Taxation and Top Incomes in Canada

Kevin Milligan and Michael Smart

20488: Fixed Costs and the Product Market Treatment of Preference Minorities

Steven Berry, Alon Eizenberg and Joel Waldfogel

20487: Are Dynamic Vickrey Auctions Practical?: Properties of the Combinatorial Clock Auction

Jonathan Levin and Andrzej Skrzypacz

20486: Measuring the Effect of the Zero Lower Bound on Medium- and Longer-Term Interest Rates

Eric Swanson and John Williams

20485: Polanyi's Paradox and the Shape of Employment Growth

David Autor

20484: The Role of Dynamic Renegotiation and Asymmetric Information in Financial Contracting

Michael Roberts

20483: Self-regulation and Health

Henry Saffer

20482: Deal with the Devil: The Successes and Limitations of Bureaucratic Reform in India

Iqbal Dhaliwal and Rema Hanna

20481: Contractual Freedom and the Evolution of Corporate Control in Britain, 1862 to 1929

Timothy Guinnane, Ron Harris and Naomi R. Lamoreaux

20480: Asset Management Contracts and Equilibrium Prices

Andrea M. Buffa, Dimitri Vayanos and Paul Woolley

20479: Labor Market Fluidity and Economic Performance

Steven Davis and John Haltiwanger

20478: Do Star Performers Produce More Stars? Peer Effects and Learning in Elite Teams

Casey Ichniowski and Anne Preston

20477: How Much do Existing Borrowers Value Microfinance? Evidence from an Experiment on Bundling Microcredit and Insurance

Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Richard Hornbeck

20476: Strategic News Releases in Equity Vesting Months

Alex Edmans, Luis Goncalves-Pinto, Yanbo Wang and Moqi Groen-Xu

20475: Constitutional Rights and Education: An International Comparative Study

Sebastian Edwards and Alvaro Garcia-Marin

20474: The Biocultural Origins of Human Capital Formation

Oded Galor and Marc Klemp

20473: Slow to Hire, Quick to Fire: Employment Dynamics with Asymmetric Responses to News

Cosmin Ilut, Matthias Kehrig and Martin Schneider

20472: Sorting Between and Within Industries: A Testable Model of Assortative Matching

John Abowd, Francis Kramarz, Sebastien Perez-Duarte and Ian Schmutte

20471: Temporary Shocks and Persistent Effects in the Urban System: Evidence from British Cities after the U.S. Civil War

W Hanlon

20470: Do Larger Health Insurance Subsidies Benefit Patients or Producers? Evidence from Medicare Advantage

Marika Cabral, Michael Geruso and Neale Mahoney

20469: Poor Quality Drugs and Global Trade: A Pilot Study

Roger Bate, Ginger Zhe Jin, Aparna Mathur and Amir Attaran

20468: Incentive Pay and Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from Austrian, German, and Swiss Banks

Matthias Efing, Harald Hau, Patrick Kampkötter and Johannes Steinbrecher

20467: Creative Destruction: Barriers to Urban Growth and the Great Boston Fire of 1872

Richard Hornbeck and Daniel Keniston

20466: Conservation Policies: Who Responds to Price and Who Responds to Prescription?

Casey Wichman, Laura Taylor and Roger von Haefen

20465: Subsidies and the Persistence of Technology Adoption: Field Experimental Evidence from Mozambique

Michael Carter, Rachid Laajaj and Dean Yang

20464: Do Required Minimum Distributions Matter? The Effect of the 2009 Holiday On Retirement Plan Distributions

Jeffrey Brown, James Poterba and David Richardson

20463: Violence and the Formation of Hopelessness and Pessimistic Prospects of Upward Mobility in Colombia

Andres Moya and Michael Carter

20462: Controlling Health Care Costs Through Limited Network Insurance Plans: Evidence from Massachusetts State Employees

Jonathan Gruber and Robin McKnight