NBER Working Papers

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25962: Federalizing Benefits: The Introduction of Supplemental Security Income and the Size of the Safety Net

Andrew Goodman-Bacon and Lucie Schmidt

25961: The Urban Crime and Heat Gradient in High and Low Poverty Areas

Kilian Heilmann and Matthew Kahn

25960: Measuring Intangible Capital with Market Prices

Michael Ewens, Ryan Peters and Sean Wang

25959: Stock Market Wealth and the Real Economy: A Local Labor Market Approach

Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, Plamen T. Nenov and Alp Simsek

25958: Price Isn’t Everything: Behavioral Response around Changes in Sin Taxes

Alex Rees-Jones and Kyle T. Rozema

25957: Fertility and Modernity

Enrico Spolaore and Romain Wacziarg

25956: Surveying Business Uncertainty

David Altig, Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, Steven Davis, Brent Meyer and Nicholas Parker

25955: Employer Learning and the Dynamics of Returns to Universities: Evidence from Chinese Elite Education during University Expansion

Sylvie Démurger, Eric Hanushek and Lei Zhang

25954: Imperfect Competition, Compensating Differentials and Rent Sharing in the U.S. Labor Market

Thibaut Lamadon, Magne Mogstad and Bradley Setzler

25953: The Effect of SNAP on the Composition of Purchased Foods: Evidence and Implications

Justine Hastings, Ryan E. Kessler and Jesse Shapiro

25952: Markups and Inequality

Corina Boar and Virgiliu Midrigan

25951: Spatial Inefficiencies in Africa's Trade Network

Tilman Graff

25950: Green Bonds: Effectiveness and Implications for Public Policy

Caroline Flammer

25949: Runoff Elections in the Laboratory

Laurent Bouton, Jorge Gallego, Aniol Llorente-Saguer and Rebecca Morton

25948: Does Workplace Competition Increase Labor Supply? Evidence from a Field Experiment

Amalia Miller, Ragan Petrie and Carmit Segal

25947: Demand and Welfare Analysis in Discrete Choice Models with Social Interactions

Debopam Bhattacharya, Pascaline Dupas and Shin Kanaya

25946: Intermediation Variety

Jason Roderick Donaldson, Giorgia Piacentino and Anjan Thakor

25945: Public Universities: The Supply Side of Building a Skilled Workforce

John Bound, Breno Braga, Gaurav Khanna and Sarah Turner

25944: Redistributive Effects of Different Pension Systems When Longevity Varies by Socioeconomic Status

Miguel Sánchez-Romero, Ronald Lee and Alexia Fürnkranz-Prskawetz

25943: Consumer-Lending Discrimination in the FinTech Era

Robert Bartlett, Adair Morse, Richard Stanton and Nancy Wallace

25942: Wages and Hours Laws: What Do We Know? What Can Be Done?

Charles Brown and Daniel Hamermesh

25941: How Research Affects Policy: Experimental Evidence from 2,150 Brazilian Municipalities

Jonas Hjort, Diana Moreira, Gautam Rao and Juan Francisco Santini

25940: Do Report Cards Predict Future Quality? The Case of Skilled Nursing Facilities

Portia Y. Cornell, David C. Grabowski, Edward Norton and Momotazur Rahman

25939: Addressing Climate Change through Price and Non-Price Interventions

Joseph Stiglitz

25938: The Altruism Budget: Measuring and Encouraging Charitable Giving

Laura Gee and Jonathan Meer

25937: Dust and Death: Evidence from the West African Harmattan

Achyuta Adhvaryu, Prashant Bharadwaj, James Fenske, Anant Nyshadham and Richard Stanley

25936: Losing Insurance and Psychiatric Hospitalizations

Johanna Maclean, Daniel Tello-Trillo and Douglas Webber

25935: Inaccurate Statistical Discrimination: An Identification Problem

Aislinn Bohren, Kareem Haggag, Alex Imas and Devin Pope

25934: The Currency Composition of International Reserves, Demand for International Reserves, and Global Safe Assets

Joshua Aizenman, Yin-Wong Cheung and Xingwang Qian

25933: Evidence for the Effect of Monitoring Costs on Foreign Direct Investment

Bruce Blonigen, Anca Cristea and Donghyun Lee

25932: The Affordable Care Act’s Effects on Patients, Providers and the Economy: What We’ve Learned So Far

Jonathan Gruber and Benjamin D. Sommers

25931: Trading Up and the Skill Premium

Nir Jaimovich, Sergio Rebelo, Arlene Wong and Miao Ben Zhang

25930: A Unified Approach to Measuring u*

Richard Crump, Stefano Eusepi, Marc Giannoni and Aysegul Sahin

25929: Freeing Financial Education via Tablets: Experimental Evidence from Colombia

Orazio Attanasio, Matthew Bird, Lina Cardona-Sosa and Pablo Lavado

25928: Scientific Education and Innovation: From Technical Diplomas to University STEM Degrees

Nicola Bianchi and Michela Giorcelli

25927: Does Trade Reform Promote Economic Growth? A Review of Recent Evidence

Douglas Irwin

25926: Should We Trust Clustered Standard Errors? A Comparison with Randomization-Based Methods

Lourenco Paz and James West

25925: The Political Economy Consequences of China's Export Slowdown

Filipe Campante, Davin Chor and Bingjing Li

25924: Why Unions Survive: Understanding How Unions Overcome The Free-Rider Problem

Richard Murphy

25923: Good Dispersion, Bad Dispersion

Matthias Kehrig and Nicolas Vincent

25922: Employee Costs of Corporate Bankruptcy

John R. Graham, Hyunseob Kim, Si Li and Jiaping Qiu

25921: International Student Mobility: Growth and Dispersion

Neeraj Kaushal and Mauro Lanati

25920: What Do Employee Referral Programs Do? Measuring the Direct and Overall Effects of a Management Practice

Guido Friebel, Matthias Heinz, Mitchell Hoffman and Nick Zubanov

25919: Trade and Worker Deskilling

Rui Costa, Swati Dhingra and Stephen Machin

25918: Secure Survey Design in Organizations: Theory and Experiments

Sylvain Chassang and Christian Zehnder

25917: Steering in Online Markets: The Role of Platform Incentives and Credibility

Moshe A. Barach, Joseph M. Golden and John Horton

25916: Opposition Media, State Censorship, and Political Accountability: Evidence from Chavez's Venezuela

Brian Knight and Ana Tribin

25915: The Effects of Multispecialty Group Practice on Health Care Spending and Use

Laurence C. Baker, M. Kate Bundorf and Anne Royalty

25914: The Specter of the Giant Three

Lucian Bebchuk and Scott Hirst

25913: The Spatial Mismatch Between Innovation and Joblessness

Edward Glaeser and Naomi Hausman

25912: The Future of U.S. Carbon-Pricing Policy

Robert Stavins

25911: Perspectives on U.S. Monetary Policy Tools and Instruments

James Hamilton

25910: Long-Run Environmental Accounting in the U.S. Economy

Nicholas Muller

25909: Hoarding for Stormy Days - Test of International Reserves Providing Financial Buffer Services

Joshua Aizenman and Yothin Jinjarak

25908: Business Groups and the Incorporation of Firm-specific Shocks into Stock Prices

Mara Faccio, Randall Morck and M. Deniz Yavuz

25907: The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty in the United States

Bruce Meyer, Derek Wu, Victoria R. Mooers and Carla Medalia

25906: Affordable Housing and City Welfare

Jack Favilukis, Pierre Mabille and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh

25905: Student Loan Choice Overload

Benjamin Marx and Lesley Turner

25904: Two-way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

Clément de Chaisemartin and Xavier D'Haultfoeuille

25903: Designing Effective Teacher Performance Pay Programs: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania

Isaac Mbiti, Mauricio Romero and Youdi Schipper

25902: When Dad Can Stay Home: Fathers' Workplace Flexibility and Maternal Health

Petra Persson and Maya Rossin-Slater

25901: Factions, Local Accountability, and Long-Term Development: Theory and Evidence

Hanming Fang, Linke Hou, Mingxing Liu, Lixin Xu and Pengfei Zhang

25900: The Macroeconomics of the Greek Depression

Gabriel Chodorow-Reich, Loukas Karabarbounis and Rohan Kekre

25899: A Machine Learning Analysis of Seasonal and Cyclical Sales in Weekly Scanner Data

Rishab Guha and Serena Ng

25898: Distributional Effects of Education on Health

Silvia Barcellos, Leandro Carvalho and Patrick Turley

25897: Interbank Connections, Contagion and Bank Distress in the Great Depression

Charles Calomiris, Matthew Jaremski and David Wheelock

25896: Contemporary State Policies and Intergenerational Income Mobility

Lars Lefgren, Jaren Pope and David P. Sims

25895: Optimal Positive Capital Taxes at Interior Steady States

Jess Benhabib and Bálint Szőke

25894: Assessing the Benefits of Long-Run Weather Forecasting for the Rural Poor: Farmer Investments and Worker Migration in a Dynamic Equilibrium Model

Mark Rosenzweig and Christopher Udry

25893: The Changing Structure of American Innovation: Some Cautionary Remarks for Economic Growth

Ashish Arora, Sharon Belenzon, Andrea Patacconi and Jungkyu Suh

25892: Optimal Inflation and the Identification of the Phillips Curve

Michael McLeay and Silvana Tenreyro

25891: The Regulation of Private Money

Gary Gorton

25890: Boom-Bust Capital Flow Cycles

Graciela Kaminsky

25889: Intergenerational and Intragenerational Externalities of the Perry Preschool Project

James Heckman and Ganesh Karapakula

25888: The Perry Preschoolers at Late Midlife: A Study in Design-Specific Inference

James Heckman and Ganesh Karapakula

25887: A Theory of Participation in OTC and Centralized Markets

Jérôme Dugast, Semih Üslü and Pierre-Olivier Weill

25886: Understanding the Mechanisms of Parental Divorce Effects on Child’s Higher Education

Yen-Chien Chen, Elliott Fan and Jin-Tan Liu

25885: Signaling and Employer Learning with Instruments

Gaurab Aryal, Manudeep Bhuller and Fabian Lange

25884: Controlling Tuberculosis? Evidence from the First Community-Wide Health Experiment

Karen Clay, Peter Juul Egedesø, Casper Hansen, Peter Jensen and Avery Calkins

25883: It's the Phone, Stupid: Mobiles and Murder

Lena Edlund and Cecilia Machado

25882: Common Risk Factors in Cryptocurrency

Yukun Liu, Aleh Tsyvinski and Xi Wu

25881: Aiming for the Goal: Contribution Dynamics of Crowdfunding

Joyee Deb, Aniko Oery and Kevin Williams

25880: Social Norms as a Determinant of Aggregate Labor Supply

Emily Breza, Supreet Kaur and Nandita Krishnaswamy

25879: The Indeterminacy School in Macroeconomics

Roger Farmer

25878: Excessive Entry and Exit in Export Markets

Hiroyuki Kasahara and Heiwai Tang

25877: On the Equivalence of Private and Public Money

Markus Brunnermeier and Dirk Niepelt

25876: Borrowing to Save? The Impact of Automatic Enrollment on Debt

John Beshears, James Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte Madrian and William Skimmyhorn

25875: The Gift of Global Talent: Innovation Policy and the Economy

William Kerr

25874: Demographic Origins of the Startup Deficit

Fatih Karahan, Benjamin Pugsley and Aysegul Sahin

25873: Information, Mobile Communication, and Referral Effects

Panle Barwick, Yanyan Liu, Eleonora Patacchini and Qi Wu

25872: Communication within Banking Organizations and Small Business Lending

Ross Levine, Chen Lin, Qilin Peng and Wensi Xie

25871: Industrialization without Innovation

Paula Bustos, Juan Manuel Castro-Vincenzi, Joan Monras and Jacopo Ponticelli

25870: Reclassification to Avoid Consumer Cost-Sharing in Group Health Plans

Olesya Fomenko and Jonathan Gruber

25869: Understanding Weak Capital Investment: the Role of Market Concentration and Intangibles

Nicolas Crouzet and Janice Eberly

25868: Disentangling Global Value Chains

Alonso de Gortari

25867: Aggregate Implications of Changing Sectoral Trends

Andrew Foerster, Andreas Hornstein, Pierre Daniel Sarte and Mark Watson

25866: Expectations, Wage Hikes, and Worker Voice: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Achyuta Adhvaryu, Teresa Molina and Anant Nyshadham

25865: Management and Shocks to Worker Productivity

Achyuta Adhvaryu, Namrata Kala and Anant Nyshadham

25864: Accumulation of Human and Market Capital in the United States, 1975-2012: An Analysis by Gender

Barbara M. Fraumeni and Michael S. Christian

25863: The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime over the Last Two Decades

John Donohue and Steven Levitt