NBER Working Papers

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20610: Investment under Uncertainty with Financial Constraints

Patrick Bolton, Neng Wang and Jinqiang Yang

20609: Behavioral Economics of Education: Progress and Possibilities

Adam Lavecchia, Heidi Liu and Philip Oreopoulos

20608: Competing for Order Flow in OTC Markets

Benjamin Lester, Guillaume Rocheteau and Pierre-Olivier Weill

20607: Knowledge-based Hierarchies: Using Organizations to Understand the Economy

Luis Garicano and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg

20606: Capital Depreciation and Labor Shares Around the World: Measurement and Implications

Loukas Karabarbounis and Brent Neiman

20605: Directed Giving: Evidence from an Inter-Household Transfer Experiment

Catia Batista, Dan Silverman and Dean Yang

20604: Why You Can't Find a Taxi in the Rain and Other Labor Supply Lessons from Cab Drivers

Henry S. Farber

20603: The Evolution of Bank Supervision: Evidence from U.S. States

Kris James Mitchener and Matthew Jaremski

20602: The Comparative Advantage of Cities

Donald Davis and Jonathan Dingel

20601: High Marginal Tax Rates on the Top 1%? Lessons from a Life Cycle Model with Idiosyncratic Income Risk

Fabian Kindermann and Dirk Krueger

20600: Saving for a (not so) Rainy Day: A Randomized Evaluation of Savings Groups in Mali

Lori Beaman, Dean Karlan and Bram Thuysbaert

20599: Second Trimester Sunlight and Asthma: Evidence from Two Independent Studies

Nils Wernerfelt, David Slusky and Richard Zeckhauser

20598: Climate and Conflict

Marshall Burke, Solomon M. Hsiang and Edward Miguel

20597: The Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act State-By-State

Amanda Kowalski

20596: A Tale of Repetition: Lessons from Florida Restaurant Inspections

Ginger Zhe Jin and Jungmin Lee

20595: The Effects of Research & Development Funding On Scientific Productivity: Academic Chemistry, 1990-2009

Joshua Rosenbloom, Donna Ginther, Ted Juhl and Joseph Heppert

20594: Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Economic Fluctuations

Drew Creal and Jing Cynthia Wu

20593: Foreclosure, Vacancy and Crime

Lin Cui and Randall Walsh

20592: ... and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

Campbell Harvey, Yan Liu and Heqing Zhu

20591: Understanding Defensive Equity

Robert Novy-Marx

20590: The Value of Regulatory Discretion: Estimates from Environmental Inspections in India

Esther Duflo, Michael Greenstone, Rohini Pande and Nicholas Ryan

20589: Valuing Thinly-Traded Assets

Francis Longstaff

20588: Welfare and Optimal Trading Frequency in Dynamic Double Auctions

Songzi Du and Haoxiang Zhu

20587: Patent Collateral, Investor Commitment, and the Market for Venture Lending

Yael V. Hochberg, Carlos Serrano and Rosemarie H. Ziedonis

20586: Family Planning: Program Effects

Grant Miller and Kimberly Singer Babiarz

20585: Beyond Ricardo: Assignment Models in International Trade

Arnaud Costinot and Jonathan Vogel

20584: The Great Recession, Decline and Rebound in Household Wealth for the Near Retirement Population

Alan Gustman, Thomas L. Steinmeier and Nahid Tabatabai

20583: Financing Constraints, Home Equity and Selection into Entrepreneurship

Thais Lærkholm Jensen, Søren Leth-Petersen and Ramana Nanda

20582: How Much Are Public School Teachers Willing to Pay for Their Retirement Benefits?

Maria Fitzpatrick

20581: How Does Government Borrowing Affect Corporate Financing and Investment?

John Graham, Mark T. Leary and Michael Roberts

20580: The New Full-time Employment Taxes

Casey Mulligan

20579: Outside Purchase Contracts, Human Capital and Firm Capital Structure

S. Katie Moon and Gordon Phillips

20578: Financing Decisions and Product Introductions of Private and Publicly Traded Firms

Gordon Phillips and Giorgo Sertsios

20577: A Distant Mirror of Debt, Default, and Relief

Carmen Reinhart and Christoph Trebesch

20576: Inflation Expectations, Learning and Supermarket Prices

Alberto Cavallo, Guillermo Cruces and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

20575: Dynamic Prediction Pools: An Investigation of Financial Frictions and Forecasting Performance

Marco Del Negro, Raiden B. Hasegawa and Frank Schorfheide

20574: A Model of Secular Stagnation

Gauti Eggertsson and Neil R. Mehrotra

20573: Asiaphoria Meets Regression to the Mean

Lant Pritchett and Lawrence Summers

20572: Inspecting the Mechanism: Leverage and the Great Recession in the Eurozone

Philippe Martin and Thomas Philippon

20571: U.S. Investment in Global Bonds: As the Fed Pushes, Some EMEs Pull

John Burger, Rajeswari Sengupta, Francis Warnock and Veronica Warnock

20570: Political Budget Cycles: Evidence from Italian Cities

Alberto Alesina and Matteo Paradisi

20569: Investment Hangover and the Great Recession

Matthew Rognlie, Andrei Shleifer and Alp Simsek

20568: In Search of Labor Demand

Paul Beaudry, David Green and Benjamin Sand

20567: Contagion in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis

Brent Glover and Seth Richards-Shubik

20566: Constrained Discretion and Central Bank Transparency

Francesco Bianchi and Leonardo Melosi

20565: Expanding Patients' Property Rights In Their Medical Records

Laurence C. Baker, Kate Bundorf and Daniel Kessler

20564: Fiscal Challenges in Multilayered Unions: An Overview and Case Study

Joshua Aizenman and Gunnar Gunnarsson

20563: Product and Labor Market Regulations, Production Prices, Wages and Productivity

Gilbert Cette, Jimmy Lopez and Jacques Mairesse

20562: The Perception Of Social Security Incentives For Labor Supply And Retirement: The Median Voter Knows More Than You'd Think

Jeffrey Liebman and Erzo Luttmer

20561: Mortgage Rates, Household Balance Sheets, and the Real Economy

Benjamin Keys, Tomasz Piskorski, Amit Seru and Vincent Yao

20560: The Glass Ceiling and The Paper Floor: Gender Differences among Top Earners, 1981-2012

Fatih Guvenen, Greg Kaplan and Jae Song

20559: Negotiating for the Market

Joshua Gans

20558: Does Transparency Lead to Pay Compression?

Alexandre Mas

20557: Compulsory Schooling Laws and Formation of Beliefs: Education, Religion and Superstition

Naci Mocan and Luiza Pogorelova

20556: Dynamic Debt Deleveraging and Optimal Monetary Policy

Pierpaolo Benigno, Gauti Eggertsson and Federica Romei

20555: Resurrecting the Role of the Product Market Wedge in Recessions

Mark Bils, Pete Klenow and Benjamin Malin

20554: The Price of Stability: The balance sheet policy of the Banque de France and the Gold Standard (1880-1914)

Guillaume Bazot, Michael Bordo and Eric Monnet

20553: Investment Subsidies and the Adoption of Electronic Medical Records in Hospitals

David Dranove, Craig Garthwaite, Bingyang Li and Christopher Ody

20552: A Theory of Minimalist Democracy

Chris Bidner, Patrick Francois and Francesco Trebbi

20551: How Do the "GATS-Plus" and "GATS-Minus" Characteristics of Regional Service Agreements Affect Trade in Services?

Nianli Zhou and John Whalley

20550: Reexamining the Cyclical Behavior of the Relative Price of Investment

Paul Beaudry, Alban Moura and Franck Portier

20549: Insurance Markets for the Elderly

Hanming Fang

20548: The Market Impacts of Pharmaceutical Product Patents in Developing Countries: Evidence from India

Mark Duggan, Craig Garthwaite and Aparajita Goyal

20547: Annuitized Wealth and Post-Retirement Saving

John Laitner, Dan Silverman and Dmitriy Stolyarov

20546: Distributional Effects of Means Testing Social Security: An Exploratory Analysis

Alan Gustman, Thomas Steinmeier and Nahid Tabatabai

20545: Monetary Policy in Open Economies: Practical Perspectives for Pragmatic Central Bankers

Richard Clarida

20544: Investment Banks as Corporate Monitors in the Early 20th Century United States

Carola Frydman and Eric Hilt

20543: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Small Business Administration Lending on Growth: Evidence from U.S. County-Level Data

Andrew Young, Matthew Higgins, Donald J. Lacombe and Briana Sell

20542: The Value of Informativeness for Contracting

Pierre Chaigneau, Alex Edmans and Daniel Gottlieb

20541: Belt and Suspenders and More: The Incremental Impact of Energy Efficiency Subsidies in the Presence of Existing Policy Instruments

Sébastien Houde and Joseph Aldy

20540: Robust Benchmark Design

Darrell Duffie and Piotr Dworczak

20539: Early Life Environment and Racial Inequality in Education and Earnings in the United States

Kenneth Chay, Jonathan Guryan and Bhashkar Mazumder

20538: Competitive Pressure and the Decline of the Rust Belt: A Macroeconomic Analysis

Simeon Alder, David Lagakos and Lee Ohanian

20537: The Effect of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Use on Crime: Evidence from Public Insurance Expansions and Health Insurance Parity Mandates

Hefei Wen, Jason Hockenberry and Janet R. Cummings

20536: Regulation and Housing Supply

Joseph Gyourko and Raven Molloy

20535: Causal Inference in Urban and Regional Economics

Nathaniel Baum-Snow and Fernando Ferreira

20534: Estimating the Value Added of Attending Physicians on Patient Outcomes

Jason Fletcher, Leora I. Horwitz and Elizabeth Bradley

20533: Procyclical and Countercyclical Fiscal Multipliers: Evidence from OECD Countries

Daniel Riera-Crichton, Carlos Vegh and Guillermo Vuletin

20532: Generic Competition and the Incentives for Early-Stage Pharmaceutical Innovation

Lee Branstetter, Chirantan Chatterjee and Matthew Higgins

20531: Cashier or Consultant? Entry Labor Market Conditions, Field of Study, and Career Success

Joseph Altonji, Lisa Kahn and Jamin Speer

20530: In Praise of Frank Ramsey's Contribution to the Theory of Taxation

Joseph Stiglitz

20529: The Impatient Salesperson and the Delegation of Pricing Authority

Edward Lazear

20528: The Value of Postsecondary Credentials in the Labor Market: An Experimental Study

David Deming, Noam Yuchtman, Amira Abulafi, Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz

20527: Precautionary Saving of Chinese and U.S. Households

Horag Choi, Steven Lugauer and Nelson Mark

20526: International Financial Integration and Crisis Contagion

Michael Devereux and Changhua Yu

20525: Why is Infant Mortality Higher in the US than in Europe?

Alice Chen, Emily Oster and Heidi Williams

20524: Non-Legal-Tender Paper Money: The Structure and Performance of Maryland's Bills of Credit, 1767-1775

Jim Celia and Farley Grubb

20523: The Bidder Exclusion Effect

Dominic Coey, Bradley Larsen and Kane Sweeney

20522: Remittance Responses to Temporary Discounts: A Field Experiment among Central American Migrants

Kate Ambler, Diego Aycinena and Dean Yang

20521: Immigration, International Collaboration, and Innovation: Science and Technology Policy in the Global Economy

Richard Freeman

20520: Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection

Will Dobbie and Jae Song

20519: Incumbency Advantage in Non-Democracies

Georgy Egorov and Konstantin Sonin

20518: Monetary Policy Effectiveness in China: Evidence from a FAVAR Model

John Fernald, Mark Spiegel and Eric Swanson

20517: Reconstructing Macroeconomic Theory to Manage Economic Policy

Joseph Stiglitz

20516: Strategic Trading in Informationally Complex Environments

Nicolas Lambert, Michael Ostrovsky and Mikhail Panov

20515: Risk Corridors and Reinsurance in Health Insurance Marketplaces: Insurance for Insurers

Timothy Layton, Thomas G. McGuire and Anna D. Sinaiko

20514: Appropriability Mechanisms, Innovation and Productivity: Evidence from the UK

Bronwyn Hall and Vania Sena

20513: On the Ethnic Origins of African Development Chiefs and Pre-colonial Political Centralization

Stelios Michalopoulos and Elias Papaioannou

20512: Permission to Exist

Martin Byford and Joshua Gans

20511: The Impact of No Child Left Behind's Accountability Sanctions on School Performance: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from North Carolina

Tom Ahn and Jacob Vigdor