NBER Working Papers

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32411: How Do U.S. Firms Withstand Foreign Industrial Policies?

Xiao Cen, Vyacheslav Fos and Wei Jiang

32410: Gender and Electoral Incentives: Evidence from Crisis Response

Juan Chauvin and Clemence Tricaud

32409: A Theory of Labor Markets with Inefficient Turnover

Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser and Emilio Zaratiegui

32408: The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences

Iacopo Morchio and Christian Moser

32407: Birth Order in the Very Long-Run: Estimating Firstborn Premiums between 1850 and 1940

Angela Cools, Jared Grooms, Krzysztof Karbownik, Siobhan M. O'Keefe, Joseph Price and Anthony Wray

32406: On Eliciting Subjective Probability Distributions of Expectations

Valerie R. Boctor, Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko and Michael Weber

32405: Empirical Tests of the Green Paradox for Climate Legislation

Maya A. Norman and Wolfram Schlenker

32404: Social-Science Genomics: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions

Daniel Benjamin, David Cesarini, Patrick Turley and Alexander Strudwick Young

32403: Building Non-Discriminatory Algorithms in Selected Data

David Arnold, Will S. Dobbie and Peter Hull

32402: Business as Usual: Bank Net Zero Commitments, Lending, and Engagement

Parinitha R. Sastry, Emil Verner and David Marques-Ibanez

32401: The Streetlight Effect in Data-Driven Exploration

Johannes Hoelzemann, Gustavo Manso, Abhishek Nagaraj and Matteo Tranchero

32400: Immigrant Entrepreneurship: New Estimates and a Research Agenda

Saheel A. Chodavadia, Sari Pekkala Kerr, William Kerr and Louis J. Maiden

32399: A Computable Dynamic Oligopoly Model of Capacity Investment

Gautam Gowrisankaran and Philipp Schmidt-Dengler

32398: Taxes Depress Corporate Borrowing: Evidence from Private Firms

Ivan T. Ivanov, Luke Pettit and Toni Whited

32397: Quality Signaling and Demand for Renewable Energy Technology: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

Aidan Coville, Joshua Graff Zivin, Arndt Reichert and Ann-Kristin Reitmann

32396: Incentive-Compatible Unemployment Reinsurance for the Euro Area

Alexander Karaivanov, Benoit Mojon, Luiz Pereira da Silva, Albert Pierres Tejada and Robert Townsend

32395: Access to Credit Reduces the Value of Insurance

Sonia Jaffe, Anup Malani and Julian Reif

32394: Can you Erase the Mark of a Criminal Record? Labor Market Impacts of Criminal Record Remediation

Amanda Y. Agan, Andrew Garin, Dmitri K. Koustas, Alexandre Mas and Crystal Yang

32393: International Reserve Management under Rollover Crises

Mauricio Barbosa-Alves, Javier Bianchi and César Sosa-Padilla

32392: Contingent Trade Agreements

Bård Harstad

32391: Upward Mobility in Developing Countries

Garance Genicot, Debraj Ray and Carolina Concha-Arriagada

32390: Loopholes and the Incidence of Public Services: Evidence from Funding Career & Technical Education

Thomas Goldring, Brian Jacob, Daniel Kreisman and Michael Ricks

32389: Immigration's Effect on US Wages and Employment Redux

Alessandro Caiumi and Giovanni Peri

32388: Teaching Teachers To Use Computer Assisted Learning Effectively: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence

Philip Oreopoulos, Chloe Gibbs, Michael Jensen and Joseph Price

32387: The Dollar versus the Euro as International Reserve Currencies

Menzie Chinn, Jeffrey Frankel and Hiro Ito

32386: The Rise and Fall of the Teaching Profession: Prestige, Interest, Preparation, and Satisfaction over the Last Half Century

Matthew Kraft and Melissa Arnold Lyon

32385: Ethics and Illusions: How Ethical Declarations Shape Market Behavior

John Barrios, Jeremy Bertomeu, Radhika Lunawat and Ibrahima Sall

32384: Gaining Steam: Incumbent Lock-in and Entrant Leapfrogging

Richard Hornbeck, Shanon Hsuan-Ming Hsu, Anders Humlum and Martin Rotemberg

32383: Do Female–Owned Employment Agencies Mitigate Discrimination and Expand Opportunity for Women?

Jennifer Hunt and Carolyn Moehling

32382: Social Protection in the Developing World

Abhijit Banerjee, Rema Hanna, Benjamin Olken and Diana Sverdlin Lisker

32381: Automated Social Science: Language Models as Scientist and Subjects

Benjamin S. Manning, Kehang Zhu and John J. Horton

32380: The Impact of Lump-Sum Retirement Withdrawals on Labor Supply: Evidence from Peru

Carla Moreno and Sita Slavov

32379: Inflation Preferences

Hassan Afrouzi, Alexander Dietrich, Kristian Myrseth, Romanos Priftis and Raphael Schoenle

32378: The Provision of Information and Incentives in School Assignment Mechanisms

Derek Neal and Joseph Root

32377: Cities, Heterogeneous Firms, and Trade

Jan David Bakker, Alvaro Garcia-Marin, Andrei V. Potlogea, Nico Voigtländer and Yang Yang

32376: Consumer-Financed Fiscal Stimulus: Evidence from Digital Coupons in China

Jing Ding, Lei Jiang, Lucy Msall and Matthew Notowidigdo

32375: Meritocracy across Countries

Oriana Bandiera, Ananya Kotia, Ilse Lindenlaub, Christian Moser and Andrea Prat

32374: Why Does Working from Home Vary Across Countries and People?

Pablo Zárate, Mathias Dolls, Steven Davis, Nicholas Bloom, Jose Maria Barrero and Cevat Giray Aksoy

32373: Estimating Racial Disparities When Race is Not Observed

Cory McCartan, Robin Fisher, Jacob Goldin, Daniel E. Ho and Kosuke Imai

32372: Transparency and Percent Plans

Adam Kapor

32371: Labor Market Externalities of Pre-retirement Employment Protection

Paweł Chrostek, Krzysztof Karbownik and Michal Myck

32370: The Evolution of Black-White Differences in Occupational Mobility Across Post-Civil War America

Steven Durlauf, Gueyon Kim, Dohyeon Lee and Xi Song

32369: Mechanism Reform: An Application to Child Welfare

E. Jason Baron, Richard Lombardo, Joseph P. Ryan, Jeongsoo Suh and Quitze Valenzuela-Stookey

32368: New Gig Work or Changes in Reporting? Understanding Self-Employment Trends in Tax Data

Andrew Garin, Emilie Jackson and Dmitri K. Koustas

32367: Toward an Understanding of the Economics of Misinformation: Evidence from a Demand Side Field Experiment on Critical Thinking

John List, Lina M. Ramírez, Julia Seither, Jaime Unda and Beatriz Vallejo

32366: Shocking Offers: Gender, Wage Inequality, and Recessions in Online Labor Markets

Belinda Archibong and Peter Blair Henry

32365: One Factor to Bind the Cross-Section of Returns

Nicola Borri, Denis Chetverikov, Yukun Liu and Aleh Tsyvinski

32364: Does Inflation Affect Earnings Relevance? A Century-Long Analysis

Oliver Binz, John Graham and Matthew Kubic

32363: The Big Shift in Working Arrangements: Eight Ways Unusual

Steven Davis

32362: Education and Adult Cognition in a Low-income Setting: Differences among Adult Siblings

Yuan S. Zhang, Elizabeth Frankenberg and Duncan Thomas

32361: After 40 Years, How Representative Are Labor Market Outcomes in the NLSY79?

Alexander Bick, Adam Blandin and Richard Rogerson

32360: Bargaining and Dynamic Competition

Shanglyu Deng, Dun Jia, Mario Leccese and Andrew Sweeting

32359: Technological Progress and Rent Seeking

Vincent Glode and Guillermo Ordonez

32358: Slow Learning

Lawrence Christiano, Martin Eichenbaum and Benjamin K. Johannsen

32357: Assessing the Costs of Balancing College and Work Activities: The Gig Economy Meets Online Education

Esteban Aucejo, A. Spencer Perry and Basit Zafar

32356: Private Adoption of Public Good Technologies: The Case of PurpleAir

Joshua Graff Zivin, Benjamin Krebs and Matthew Neidell

32355: Financial Literacy and Financial Education: An Overview

Tim Kaiser and Annamaria Lusardi

32354: Macroeconomics of Mental Health

Boaz Abramson, Job Boerma and Aleh Tsyvinski

32353: The Benefits and Costs of Secured Debt

Efraim Benmelech

32352: Return Migration and Human Capital Flows

Naser Amanzadeh, Amir Kermani and Timothy McQuade

32351: Balancing Federalism: The Impact of Decentralizing School Accountability

Eric A. Hanushek, Patricia Saenz-Armstrong and Alejandra Salazar

32350: Information-Optional Policies and the Gender Concealment Gap

Christine L. Exley, Raymond Fisman, Judd B. Kessler, Louis-Pierre Lepage, Xiaomeng Li, Corinne Low, Xiaoyue Shan, Mattie Toma and Basit Zafar

32349: Mask Mandate Costs

Patrick Carlin, Shyam Raman, Kosali I. Simon, Ryan Sullivan and Coady Wing

32348: Examiner and Judge Designs in Economics: A Practitioner's Guide

Eric Chyn, Brigham Frandsen and Emily C. Leslie

32347: A Field Experiment on Antitrust Compliance

Kei Kawai and Jun Nakabayashi

32346: Human Capital Spillovers and Health: Does Living Around College Graduates Lengthen Life?

Jacob H. Bor, David Cutler, Edward Glaeser and Ljubica Ristovska

32345: Bank Failures and Economic Activity: Evidence from the Progressive Era

Gary Richardson, Marco Del Angel and Michael Gou

32344: Noisy Experts? Discretion in Regulation

Sumit Agarwal, Bernardo C. Morais, Amit Seru and Kelly Shue

32343: Work Requirements and Child Tax Benefits

Jacob Goldin, Tatiana Homonoff, Neel A. Lal, Ithai Lurie, Katherine Michelmore and Matthew Unrath

32342: Social Movements and Public Opinion in the United States

Amory Gethin and Vincent Pons

32341: Bank Runs, Fragility, and Regulation

Manuel Amador and Javier Bianchi

32340: Countries for Old Men: An Analysis of the Age Pay Gap

Nicola Bianchi and Matteo Paradisi

32339: Three Things about Mobile App Commissions

Joshua Gans

32338: Heterogeneity and Endogenous Compliance: Implications for Scaling Class Size Interventions

Karun Adusumilli, Francesco Agostinelli and Emilio Borghesan

32337: The Declining Mental Health Of The Young And The Global Disappearance Of The Hump Shape In Age In Unhappiness

David Blanchflower, Alex Bryson and Xiaowei Xu

32336: Nothing for Something: Marketing Cancer Drugs to Physicians Increases Prescribing Without Improving Mortality

Colleen Carey, Michael Daly and Jing Li

32335: The Global Life-Cycle Optimizer – Analyzing Fiscal Policy's Potential to Dramatically Distort Labor Supply and Saving

Johannes Brumm, Laurence Kotlikoff and Christopher Krause

32334: Religious Worship Attendance in America: Evidence from Cellphone Data

Devin G. Pope

32333: Neighborhood Effects: Evidence from Wartime Destruction in London

Stephen Redding and Daniel M. Sturm

32332: To Pay or Autopay? Fintech Innovation and Credit Card Payments

Jialan Wang

32331: How You Pay Drives What You Choose: Health Savings Accounts versus Cash in Health Insurance Plan Choice

Jonathan Gruber, Mengyun M. Lin, Haoming Liu and Junjian Yi

32330: Global Spillovers from FED Hikes and a Strong Dollar: The Risk Channel

José Cristi, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, Mariana Sans and Filiz Unsal

32329: Global Transmission of FED Hikes: The Role of Policy Credibility and Balance Sheets

Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Filiz Unsal

32328: Smoke from Factory Chimneys: The Applied Economics of Air Pollution in the Progressive Era

Spencer Banzhaf and Randall Walsh

32327: Recovering Overlooked Information in Categorical Variables with LLMs: An Application to Labor Market Mismatch

Yi Chen, Hanming Fang, Yi Zhao and Zibo Zhao

32326: After the Storm: How Emergency Liquidity Helps Small Businesses Following Natural Disasters

Benjamin L. Collier, Sabrina T. Howell and Lea Rendell

32325: Interdependent Values in Matching Markets: Evidence from Medical School Programs in Denmark

Benjamin Friedrich, Martin B. Hackmann, Adam Kapor, Sofia Moroni and Anne Brink Nandrup

32324: Monetary Policy, Segmentation, and the Term Structure

Rohan Kekre, Moritz Lenel and Federico Mainardi

32323: Homelessness and the Persistence of Deprivation: Income, Employment, and Safety Net Participation

Bruce Meyer, Angela Wyse, Gillian Meyer, Alexa Grunwaldt and Derek Wu

32322: The Dominant Role of Expectations and Broad-Based Supply Shocks in Driving Inflation

Paul Beaudry, Chenyu Hou and Franck Portier

32321: Quantitative Tightening Around the Globe: What Have We Learned?

Wenxin Du, Kristin Forbes and Matthew N. Luzzetti

32320: Application Flows

Steven Davis and Brenda Samaniego de la Parra

32319: Tracking Firm Use of AI in Real Time: A Snapshot from the Business Trends and Outlook Survey

Kathryn Bonney, Cory Breaux, Catherine Buffington, Emin Dinlersoz, Lucia Foster, Nathan Goldschlag, John C. Haltiwanger, Zachary Kroff and Keith Savage

32318: Theory-Driven Entrepreneurial Search

Ankur Chavda, Joshua Gans and Scott Stern

32317: The Impact of Green Investors on Stock Prices

Gong Cheng, Eric Jondeau, Benoit Mojon and Dimitri Vayanos

32316: Where Do Banks End and NBFIs Begin?

Viral Acharya, Nicola Cetorelli and Bruce Tuckman

32315: The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments

Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Francis Wong and Wesley Yin

32314: Inequality and Racial Backlash: Evidence from the Reconstruction Era and the Freedmen’s Bureau

Eric Chyn, Kareem Haggag and Bryan A. Stuart

32313: A Discrimination Report Card

Patrick Kline, Evan K. Rose and Christopher Walters

32312: Quantifying the Uncertainty of Imputed Demographic Disparity Estimates: The Dual-Bootstrap

Benjamin Lu, Jia Wan, Derek Ouyang, Jacob Goldin and Daniel E. Ho