NBER Working Papers

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32962: Aid for Incumbents: The Electoral Consequences of COVID-19 Relief

Jeffrey Clemens, Julia A. Payson and Stan Veuger

32961: Optimal Financing of Government Purchases

Andrew Abel and Stavros Panageas

32960: Green Bonds: New Label, Same Projects

Pauline Lam and Jeffrey Wurgler

32959: The Impact of Early Childhood Parenting Interventions on Child Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kimberly Dadisman, Andre Nickow and Philip Oreopoulos

32958: The Distributional Consequences of Trade: Evidence from the Grain Invasion

Stephan Heblich, Stephen Redding and Yanos Zylberberg

32957: The Resilience of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe (CESEE) Countries During ECB’s Monetary Cycles

Joshua Aizenman and Jamel Saadaoui

32956: Why Do Workers Dislike Inflation? Wage Erosion and Conflict Costs

Joao Guerreiro, Jonathon Hazell, Chen Lian and Christina Patterson

32955: Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Regulation

Matilde Bombardini, Francesco Trebbi and Miao Ben Zhang

32954: Inclusive Teaching: Spotting Social Isolation in the Classroom

Sule Alan, Michela Carlana and Marinella Leone

32953: The Increasing Cost of Buying American

Matilde Bombardini, Andres Gonzalez-Lira, Bingjing Li and Chiara Motta

32952: Horowitz-Manski-Lee Bounds With Multilayered Sample Selection

Kory Kroft, Ismael Mourifié and Atom Vayalinkal

32951: Putting the "Finance" into "Public Finance": A Theory of Capital Gains Taxation

Mark Aguiar, Benjamin Moll and Florian Scheuer

32950: Hell with the Lid Off: Racial Segregation and Environmental Equity in America’s Most Polluted City

Spencer Banzhaf, William Mathews and Randall Walsh

32949: Information and Market Power in DeFi Intermediation

Pablo Azar, Adrian Casillas and Maryam Farboodi

32948: On the Nature of Entrepreneurship

Anmol Bhandari, Tobey Kass, Thomas J. May, Ellen McGrattan and Evan Schulz

32947: Hidden Debt Revelations

Sebastian Horn, David Mihalyi, Philipp Nickol and Cesar Sosa-Padilla

32946: Social Status, Economic Development and Female Labor Force (Non) Participation

Kaivan Munshi and Swapnil Singh

32945: Inflation Expectation and Cryptocurrency Investment

Lin Cong, Pulak Ghosh, Jiasun Li and Qihong Ruan

32944: Cournot Competition, Informational Feedback, and Real Efficiency

Lin Cong, Xiaohong Huang, Siguang Li and Jian Ni

32943: Work from Home and Disability Employment

Nicholas Bloom, Gordon Dahl and Dan-Olof Rooth

32942: Expected EPS × Trailing P/E

Itzhak Ben-David and Alex Chinco

32941: Voting Rules, Turnout, and Economic Policies

Enrico Cantoni, Vincent Pons and Jérôme Schäfer

32940: Data Privacy for Record Linkage and Beyond

Shurong Lin and Eric Kolaczyk

32939: The Effect of Inflation Uncertainty on Household Expectations and Spending

Olena Kostyshyna and Luba Petersen

32938: Firm Productivity and Learning with Digital Technologies: Evidence from Cloud Computing

James M. Brand, Mert Demirer, Connor Finucane and Avner Kreps

32937: Carbon VIX: Carbon Price Uncertainty and Decarbonization Investments

Maximilian Fuchs, Johannes Stroebel and Julian Terstegge

32936: Perpetual Futures Pricing

Damien Ackerer, Julien Hugonnier and Urban Jermann

32935: Assessing Nonresponse Bias in Macro Indicators by Combining Para-, Administrative, and Survey Data

Ori Heffetz, Guy Lichtinger and Daniel B. Reeves

32934: Patent Text and Long-Run Innovation Dynamics: The Critical Role of Model Selection

Ina Ganguli, Jeffrey Lin, Vitaly Meursault and Nicholas Reynolds

32933: Climate Capitalists

Niels Gormsen, Kilian Huber and Sangmin Simon Oh

32932: The New Digital Divide

Mayana Pereira, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia and Juan Lavista Ferres

32931: Black Reparations and Child Well-Being: A Framework and Policy Considerations

Lisa A. Gennetian, Christina M. Gibson-Davis and William Darity

32930: Democracy, Capitalism, and Equality: The Importance of Impersonal Rules

Naomi R. Lamoreaux and John Joseph Wallis

32929: Gender Reveals in the Labor Market: Evidence on Gender Signaling and Statistical Discrimination in an Online Health Care Market

Haoran He, David Neumark and Qian Weng

32928: Business Failures by Branch of Business in the United States, 1895 to 1935: A Statistical History

Gary Richardson, Marco Del Angel and Michael Gou

32927: Instrumental Variables with Unobserved Heterogeneity in Treatment Effects

Magne Mogstad and Alexander Torgovitsky

32926: The Realities Of Disclosure Risks In The Age Of Dark Patterns And Big Data

Ramon Abraham A. Sarmiento

32925: Own-Wage Elasticity: Quantifying the Impact of Minimum Wages on Employment

Arindrajit Dube and Ben Zipperer

32924: The Nonlinear Effects of Air Pollution on Health: Evidence from Wildfire Smoke

Nolan H. Miller, David Molitor and Eric Zou

32923: An Anatomy of Firms’ Political Speech

Pablo Ottonello, Wenting Song and Sebastian Sotelo

32922: Estimating Flexible Income Processes from Subjective Expectations Data: Evidence from India and Colombia

Manuel Arellano, Orazio Attanasio, Samuel Crossman and Víctor Sancibrián

32921: Optimal Monetary Policy with Redistribution

Jennifer La'O and Wendy A. Morrison

32920: Judges Judging Judges: Partisanship and Politics in the Federal Circuit Courts of Appeals

Alma Cohen and Rajeev Dehejia

32919: Optimal Trade Policies and Labor Markets

Yan Bai, Dan Lu and Hanxi Wang

32918: Businesses and Borrowing during the Roaring ‘20s and at the Onset of the Great Depression

Gary Richardson and Marco Del Angel

32917: Credit Scores: Performance and Equity

Stefania Albanesi and Domonkos F. Vamossy

32916: Racial Differences in the Total Rate of Return on Owner-Occupied Housing

Rebecca Diamond and William Diamond

32915: Is Broader Always Better? Preexisting Distortions, Emissions Elasticities, and the Scope of Emissions Pricing

Lawrence H. Goulder, Marc Hafstead and Roberton Williams

32914: Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Disaggregated Economies

Lydia Cox, Jiacheng Feng, Gernot Müller, Ernesto Pasten, Raphael Schoenle and Michael Weber

32913: Effective Regulation and Firm Compliance: The Case of German Privacy Policies

Jacopo Gambato, Bernhard Ganglmair and Julia K. Krämer

32912: Understanding the Impact of Low-Cost Loans on Forced Labor

Anisha Sharma, Manisha Shah and Beata Łuczywek

32911: How Do Holistic Wrap-Around Anti-Poverty Programs Affect Employment and Individualized Outcomes?

Javier Espinosa, William Evans, David Phillips and Tim Spilde

32910: Invoicing Currency and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Japanese Imports: A Panel VAR Analysis

Taiyo Yoshimi, Uraku Yoshimoto, Takatoshi Ito, Kiyotaka Sato, Junko Shimizu and Yushi Yoshida

32909: The Case for Researching Applied Privacy Enhancing Technologies

Claire M. Bowen, Joshua Snoke, Aaron R. Williams and Andrés F. Barrientos

32908: Skills and Human Capital in the Labor Market

David Deming and Mikko I. Silliman

32907: Failing Banks

Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck and Emil Verner

32906: Adapting to Misspecification

Timothy Armstrong, Patrick Kline and Liyang Sun

32905: The Complexities of Differential Privacy for Survey Data

Joerg Drechsler and James Bailie

32904: Trade, Innovation and Firm Financing

Paul Bergin, Ling Feng and Ching-Yi Lin

32903: Privacy Elasticity: A (Hopefully) Useful New Concept

Inbal Dekel, Rachel Cummings, Ori Heffetz and Katrina Ligett

32902: Restaurant Employment, Minimum Wages, and Border Discontinuities

Arindrajit Dube, Michael Reich, Akash Bhatt and Denis Sosinskiy

32901: What’s Across the Border? Re-Evaluating the Cross-Border Evidence on Minimum Wage Effects

Priyaranjan Jha, David Neumark and Antonio Rodriguez-Lopez

32900: Reassessing Sources of Risk Premiums in Currency Markets

Mikhail Chernov, Magnus Dahlquist and Lars A. Lochstoer

32899: Incentives to Vaccinate

Pol Campos-Mercade, Armando N. Meier, Stephan Meier, Devin G. Pope, Florian H. Schneider and Erik Wengström

32898: Equilibrium Evictions

P. Dean Corbae, Andy Glover and Michael Nattinger

32897: Federal Pandemic Relief and Academic Recovery

Dan C. Dewey, Erin M. Fahle, Thomas J. Kane, Sean F. Reardon and Doug Staiger

32896: (Dis)Information Wars

Adrian Casillas, Maryam Farboodi, Layla Hashemi, Maryam Saeedi and Steven Wilson

32895: Mental Health, Substance Use, and Child Maltreatment

Mir M. Ali, Thanh Lu, Johanna Maclean and Angélica Meinhofer

32894: Conviction, Incarceration, and Recidivism: Understanding the Revolving Door

John Humphries, Aurelie Ouss, Kamelia Stavreva, Megan T. Stevenson and Winnie van Dijk

32893: Network Competition in the Airline Industry: An Empirical Framework

Zhe Yuan and Panle Barwick

32892: Self-, Peer-, and Teacher Perceptions under School Tracking

Ofer Malamud, Andreea Mitrut, Cristian Pop-Eleches and Miguel Urquiola

32891: Drivers of Racial Differences in C-Sections

Adriana Corredor-Waldron, Janet Currie and Molly Schnell

32890: Pensioners Without Borders: Agglomeration and the Migration Response to Taxation

Salla Kalin, Antoine B. Levy and Mathilde Muñoz

32889: Measuring Bias in Job Recommender Systems: Auditing the Algorithms

Shuo Zhang and Peter Kuhn

32888: Markups: A Search-Theoretic Perspective

Guido Menzio

32887: Cash Bail and Trial Outcomes in an Early Twentieth-Century Southern Police Court

Howard Bodenhorn

32886: Electric Vehicles and the Energy Transition: Unintended Consequences of a Common Retail Rate Design

Megan R. Bailey, David Brown, Erica Myers, Blake Shaffer and Frank A. Wolak

32885: Gender Diversity in Academic Entrepreneurship: Social Impact Motives and the NSF I-Corps Program

April Burrage, Nilanjana Dasgupta and Ina Ganguli

32884: Movements in Yields, not the Equity Premium: Bernanke-Kuttner Redux

Stefan Nagel and Zhengyang Xu

32883: Too Much of a Good Thing? How Narrow Targeting and Policy Interactions Influence Responses to California’s EITC

David Neumark and Zeyu Li

32882: Risk, the Limits of Financial Risk Management, and Corporate Resilience

René M. Stulz

32881: Inflation and Treasury Convenience

Anna Cieslak, Wenhao Li and Carolin Pflueger

32880: Neoclassical Growth Transition Dynamics with One-Sided Commitment

Dirk Krueger, Fulin Li and Harald Uhlig

32879: The Declining Mental Health of the Young in the UK

David Blanchflower, Alex Bryson and David N.F. Bell

32878: Minimum Wages in the 21st Century

Arindrajit Dube and Attila S. Lindner

32877: Capital Controls on Outflows: New Evidence and a Theoretical Framework

Roberto Chang, Andrés Fernández Martin and Humberto Martinez

32876: Exchange Rate Determination under Limits to CIP Arbitrage

Philippe Bacchetta, Jonathan Davis and Eric van Wincoop

32875: Innovation Networks in the Industrial Revolution

Lukas Rosenberger, W Hanlon and Carl Hallmann

32874: Industrial Composition of Syndicated Loans and Banks' Climate Commitments

Galina Hale, Brigid Meisenbacher and Fernanda Nechio

32873: How the World Became Rich by Mark Koyama and Jared Rubin and Slouching Towards Utopia, by J. Bradford DeLong: A Review Essay

Steven Durlauf

32872: Tasks At Work: Comparative Advantage, Technology and Labor Demand

Daron Acemoglu, Fredric Kong and Pascual Restrepo

32871: Markups and Markdowns

Chad Syverson

32870: The Potential Long-Run Implications of a Permanently-Expanded Child Tax Credit

Elizabeth Ananat and Irwin Garfinkel

32869: The Politicization of Social Responsibility

Todd A. Gormley, Manish Jha and Meng Wang

32868: International Spillovers of U.S. Fiscal Challenges

Joshua Aizenman, William Eldén, Yothin Jinjarak, Gazi Uddin and Frida Widholm

32867: Can Technical Education in High School Smooth Postsecondary Transitions for Students with Disabilities?

Eric Brunner, Shaun Dougherty and Stephen Ross

32866: Poverty and Health

Adriana Lleras-Muney, Hannes Schwandt and Laura Wherry

32865: Crypto Tax Evasion

Tom G. Meling, Magne Mogstad and Arnstein Vestre

32864: Busing to Opportunity? The Impacts of the METCO Voluntary School Desegregation Program on Urban Students of Color

Elizabeth Setren

32863: Learning Firm Conduct: Pass-Through as a Foundation for Instrument Relevance

Adam Dearing, Lorenzo Magnolfi, Daniel Quint, Christopher J. Sullivan and Sarah B. Waldfogel