NBER Working Papers

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8109: Annexation or Conquest? The Economics of Empire Building

Herschel Grossman and Juan Mendoza

8108: The Impact of New Deal Expenditures on Local Economic Activity: An Examination of Retail Sales, 1929-1939

Price Fishback, William Horrace and Shawn Kantor

8107: The Empirical Importance of Precautionary Saving

Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and Jonathan Parker

8106: The Pricing of Event Risks with Parameter Uncertainty

Kenneth Froot and Steven E. Posner

8105: A General Analysis of Exclusionary Conduct and Refusal to Deal - Why Aspen and Kodak are Misguided

Dennis Carlton

8104: Comparative Advantage and the Cross-section of Business Cycles

Aart Kraay and Jaume Ventura

8103: An International Perspective on Policies for an Aging Society

Jonathan Gruber and David Wise

8102: White Hats or Don Quixotes? Human Rights Vigilantes in the Global Economy

Kimberly Elliott and Richard Freeman

8101: Sorting, Education and Inequality

Raquel Fernandez

8100: From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund

Michael Bordo and Anna Schwartz

8099: Relative Deprivation, Inequality, and Mortality

Angus Deaton

8098: Empirical Evaluation of Asset Pricing Models: A Comparison of the SDF and Beta Methods

Ravi Jagannathan and Zhenyu Wang

8097: New Data and Output Concepts for Understanding Productivity Trends

William Nordhaus

8096: Productivity Growth and the New Economy

William Nordhaus

8095: Alternative Methods for Measuring Productivity Growth

William Nordhaus

8094: The Peter Principle: Promotions and Declining Productivity

Edward Lazear

8093: Does Firm-specific Information in Stock Prices Guide Capital Allocation?

Artyom Durnev, Randall Morck and Bernard Yeung

8092: The Stock Market's Reaction to Unemployment News: Why Bad News is Usually Good for Stocks

John H. Boyd, Ravi Jagannathan and Jian Hu

8091: Annuity Values in Defined Contribution Retirement Systems: The Case of Singapore and Australia

Suzanne Doyle, Olivia Mitchell and John Piggott

8090: Accidents Will Happen? Unintentional Injury, Maternal Employment, and Child Care Policy

Janet Currie and V. Joseph Hotz

8089: The Overlooked Corporate Finance Problems of a Microsoft Breakup

Lucian Bebchuk and David I. Walker

8088: Intermediaries in Entrepot Trade: Hong Kong Re-Exports of Chinese Goods

Gordon Hanson and Robert Feenstra

8087: Financial Policies and the Prevention of Financial Crises in Emerging Market Countries

Frederic Mishkin

8086: Competition, Monopoly, and Aftermarkets

Dennis Carlton and Michael Waldman

8085: The Minimum Inflation Rate for Euroland

Hans-Werner Sinn and Michael Reutter

8084: Foreign Direct Investors in Three Financial Crises

Robert Lipsey

8083: The World Income Distribution

Daron Acemoglu and Jaume Ventura

8082: Retirement Incentives and Expectations

Sewin Chan and Ann Stevens

8081: Why Wait? A Century of Life Before IPO

Boyan Jovanovic and Peter Rousseau

8080: Education and Religion

Bruce Sacerdote and Edward Glaeser

8079: Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle

James Anderson and Eric van Wincoop

8078: The Earned Income Tax Credit

V. Joseph Hotz and John Scholz

8077: Is the Stock Market Overvalued?

Ellen McGrattan and Edward Prescott

8076: Capital Mobility and Economic Performance: Are Emerging Economies Different?

Sebastian Edwards

8075: Information Technology and Research and Development Impacts on Productivity and Skills: Looking for Correlations on French Firm Level Data

Jacques Mairesse, Nathalie Greenan and Agnes Topiol-Bensaid

8074: Individual Risk in an Investment-Based Social Security System

Martin Feldstein and Elena Ranguelova

8073: Do Domestic Investors Have More Valuable Information About Individual Stocks Than Foreign Investors?

Hyuk Choe, Bong-Chan Kho and René Stulz

8072: Fiscal Requirements for Price Stability

Michael Woodford

8071: Inflation Stabilization and Welfare

Michael Woodford

8070: Trade in Capital Goods

Jonathan Eaton and Samuel Kortum

8069: Effects of Competition under Prospective Payment on Hospital Costs among High and Low Cost Admissions: Evidence from California, 1983 - 1993

David Meltzer and Jeanette Chung

8068: Factor Price Equality and the Economies of the United States

Andrew Bernard, J. Jensen and Peter Schott

8067: Free Riding and Sales Strategies for the Internet

Dennis Carlton and Judith Chevalier

8066: The Risk and Return of Venture Capital

John Cochrane

8065: The Relation Between Managed Care Market Share and the Treatment of Elderly Fee-For-Service Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Paul A. Heidenreich, Mark McClellan, Craig Frances and Laurence C. Baker

8064: Longevity-Insured Retirement Distributions from Pension Plans: Market and Regulatory Issues

Jeffrey Brown and Mark J. Warshawsky

8063: The Effect of Medicaid Expansions for Low-Income Children on Medicaid Participation and Insurance Coverage: Evidence from the SIPP

John Ham and Lara Shore-Sheppard

8062: A Public Finance Approach to Assessing Poverty Alleviation

Shlomo Yitzhaki

8061: Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old Age Pension and Intra-household Allocation in South Africa

Esther Duflo

8060: Balance SHeet Effects, Bailout Guarantees and Financial Crises

Martin Schneider and Aaron Tornell

8059: Risks for the Long Run: A Potential Resolution of Asset Pricing Puzzles

Ravi Bansal and Amir Yaron

8058: Wages Around the World: Pay Across Occupations and Countries

Richard Freeman and Remco Oostendorp

8057: Monetary Policy

Benjamin M. Friedman

8056: Understanding Child Support Trends: Economic, Demographic, and Political Contributions

Anne Case, I-Fen Lin and Sara McLanahan

8055: School Choice and the Distributional Effects of Ability Tracking: Does Separation Increase Equality?

David Figlio and Marianne Page

8054: Longer Term Effects of Head Start

Eliana Garces, Duncan Thomas and Janet Currie

8053: Non-Market Interactions

Edward Glaeser and Jose Scheinkman

8052: Stock Options for Undiversified Executives

Brian J. Hall and Kevin Murphy

8051: The Incentive for Working Hard: Explaining Hours Worked Differences in the U.S. and Germany

Linda A. Bell and Richard Freeman

8050: The Anatomy of Employee Involvement and Its Effects on Firms and Workers

Richard Freeman, Morris M. Kleiner and Cheri Ostroff

8049: Environmental Tax Interactions When Pollution Affects Health or Productivity

Roberton Williams

8048: Health Effects in a Model of Second-Best Environmental Taxation or Reconsidering "Reconsidering the Tax-Interaction Effect"

Roberton Williams

8047: The Role of Interest Rates in Federal Reserve Policymaking

Benjamin M. Friedman

8046: Industrial Groupings and Strategic FDI: Theory and Evidence

Bruce Blonigen, Christopher J. Ellis and Dietrich Fausten

8045: Adverse Selection in Insurance Markets: Policyholder Evidence from the U.K. Annuity Market

Amy Finkelstein and James Poterba

8044: European Financial Markets After EMU: A First Assessment

Jean-Pierre Danthine, Francesco Giavazzi and Ernst-Ludwig von Thadden

8043: Closed and Open Economy Models of Business Cycles with Marked Up and Sticky Prices

Robert Barro and Silvana Tenreyro

8042: Consequences of Imbalanced Sex Ratios: Evidence from America's Second Generation

Joshua Angrist

8041: Growth Economics and Reality

William Brock and Steven Durlauf

8040: The Welfare Cost of Business Cycles Revisited: Finite Lives and Cyclical Variation in Idiosyncratic Risk

Kjetil Storesletten, Chris Telmer and Amir Yaron

8039: Style Investing

Nicholas Barberis and Andrei Shleifer

8038: Firm Level Investment and R&D in France and the United States: A Comparison

Benoît Mulkay, Bronwyn Hall and Jacques Mairesse

8037: The Optimal Treatment of Tax Expenditures

Emmanuel Saez

8036: Issue Unbundling via Citizens' Initiatives

Timothy Besley and Stephen Coate

8035: The EMS Crisis in Retrospect

Barry Eichengreen

8034: The Social Consequences of Housing

Edward Glaeser and Bruce Sacerdote

8033: On the Japanese Economy and Japanese National Accounts

Albert Ando

8032: The Effects of 401(k) Plans on Household Wealth: Differences Across Earnings Groups

Eric M. Engen and William Gale

8031: The Middle Class Parent Penalty: Child Benefits in the U.S. Tax Code

David T. Ellwood and Jeffrey Liebman

8030: An sS Model with Adverse Selection

Christopher House and John Leahy

8029: The Desirability of Commodity Taxation under Non-Linear Income Taxation and Heterogeneous Tastes

Emmanuel Saez

8028: Where did British Foreign Capital Go? Fundamentals, Failures and the Lucas Paradox: 1870-1913

Michael Clemens and Jeffrey Williamson

8027: Market Mechanisms for Policy Decisions: Tools for the European Union

Alessandra Casella

8026: Games for Central Bankers: Markets v/s Politics in Public Policy Decisions

Alessandra Casella

8025: Money and Inflation in the Euro Area: A Case for Monetary Indicators?

Stefan Gerlach and Lars Svensson

8024: A Framework for Applied Dynamic Analysis in I.O

Ariel Pakes

8023: Generalized Solow-Neutral Technical Progress and Postwar Economic Growth

Michael J. Boskin and Lawrence J. Lau

8022: Technological Change, the Labor Market and the Stock Market

Rodolfo Manuelli

8021: How Elastic is the Firm's Demand for Health Insurance?

Jonathan Gruber and Michael Lettau

8020: Managed Care and Technology Adoption in Health Care: Evidence from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Laurence C. Baker

8019: What's in a Grade? School Report Cards and House Prices

David Figlio and Maurice E. Lucas

8018: Retrospective vs. Prospective Analyses of School Inputs: The Case of Flip Charts in Kenya

Paul Glewwe, Michael Kremer, Sylvie Moulin and Eric Zitzewitz

8017: The Effects of Business-to-Business E-Commerce on Transaction Costs

Luis Garicano and Steven Kaplan

8016: 12 Million Salaried Workers Are Missing

Daniel Hamermesh

8015: Is Foreign Direct Investment a Channel of Knowledge Spillovers? Evidence from Japan's FDI in the United States

Lee Branstetter

8014: Are Profits Shared Across Borders? Evidence on International Rent Sharing

John Budd and Matthew J.Slaughter

8013: Scale Economies and the Geographic Concentration of Industry

Gordon Hanson

8012: A Century of Purchasing-Power Parity

Alan Taylor

8011: The Impact of Capital Gains Taxes on Stock Price Reactions to S&P 500 Inclusion

Jennifer L. Blouin, Jana Smith Raedy and Douglas Shackelford

8010: Macroeconomic Factors and Antidumping Filings: Evidence from Four Countries

Michael M. Knetter and Thomas Prusa